Problems in the Labor Export of Western Rural Areas——A Case Study of Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The thesis gives a brief account of the status of the labor economy in Three Gorges Reservoir area,which indicates that the labor economy in this area has made certain development and is characterized by fragile ecology,backward economic development and weak capacity to absorb employment,the Three Gorges Reservoir area is densely populated and has lots of rural surplus labors which need to be transferred.Then the thesis analyzes the problems in the labor export of this region,which can be manifested in the following aspects:the exported labors are with low quality and single skill;they are narrow-minded and have strong intention for their employment regions;they have low income but high risk to get employed;the government does not provide strong supporting services for exported labors.In order to solve these problems,the thesis proposes the suggestions and measures to develop the labor economy in Three Gorges Reservoir area,say,to perfect and ameliorate the training mechanism and improve the quality and skills of labors;to build the platform of employment network and solve the problems of the asymmetric employment information;to actively develop the intermediary organizations and promote the a proper movement of labor forces;to fully exert the function of government in logistic services and resolve the difficulties of the exported workers.

Farmer Labor Service Export from Heilongjiang Province to Russia

As contiguous area to Russia, Heilongjiang Province takes advantage of geography and resource superiority to promote the export of farmer labor services to Russia in recent years with trading cooperation between China and Russia. This paper briefly introduced the present situation of the export of farmer labor services from Heilongjiang Province to Russia. Under the background of Russian Far East economic development and development of ＂large agriculture＂ in Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province would continue to increase labor export to Russia. Then, the paper analyzed the problems of the export of farmer labor services and gave some proposals accordingly. At last, the result showed that well-organized and reasonable farmer labor export to Russia could play a role to the agricultural modernization and urbanization development.

Policy options and system supplies on socialization standard management of city agricultural laborers

It is a social system engineering to solve problems of city agricultural laborers, inevitably concerning series of social phenomenon and the social issues of the city and countryside relations, the government function, the city management, the fair efficiency, the population flows, the labor employment, the social security, and so on. Furthermore, it also involves the profoundly political and economic system reforms, the transformation of government functions, the system perfection, legal administration, the social stability in China. The city government, as the direct superintendent of the agricultural laborers, should adopt the conception of the system engineering to construct a new mechanism of the city agricultural laborers socialization standard management, which has a profound theoretical and practical significance.

The “Glocal” Dynamics of Construction Labor and Digital Architecture: Preston Scott Cohen’s Addition to the Tel Aviv Museum as Case Study

Globalization and technological change are transforming the ways in which buildings are being designed and built. An overlooked aspect of this development is its impact on construction labor, and the significance of labor for assessing the work of architecture. The paper draws upon the sociological concept of the “glocal” to analyse the construction site as the product of the tension between global and local conditions of architectural production and consumption. The construction of Preston Scott Cohen’s 2010 Tel Aviv Museum Addition serves as its case study for theorizing the “glocal” dynamics of digital architecture, building technology and construction labor. This methodological approach highlights the role of migrant guest workers and technological transfer in contemporary construction culture. To realize with precision the complex design under local constraints, the contractor developed a hybrid work process that interspersed labor saving automated manufacturing techniques with artisanal, skilled construction work. In addition, workers and contractors exercised a high level of control over the pace and method of construction, and devised building solutions which improved upon the architect’s design. In conclusion, the paper argues that construction activity differs from broader trends in manufacturing due to the self-reflexivity of architectural design to its condition of production, but that at the same time, this critical capacity is enabled by the globalization of construction labor.

Comparison of the Policies of Israel＇s Labor Party and the Likud on Palestinian Refugee

Since its origin in the first Middle East War in 1948, the Palestinian refugee problem has not been properly resolved. Over the years, the key stakeholder Israel has put forward a variety of plans and countermeasures on refugee issues in multilateral and bilateral diplomatic stages. Researches on these policies of Israel on Palestinian refugees are crucial for solving this problem. The right wing and the left wing of political parties in Israel--lsrael＇s Likud and Labor Party had the longest and most influential rulings in the country. The refugee policies they have taken during their administrations have an impact on the development of the peace process in the Middle East, and also play a direct role in solving the problem of refugees. Through the analysis on refugee policies of the ruling party in various stages of the evolvement of the Arab-Israeli conflict, we can compare the Labor Party＇s and the Likud Party＇s policies for Palestinian refugees, and found that the policies of these two parties are consistent and similar on the issue of refugees, for example, neither of them recognize the responsibility of Israel on refugees, and they both denied the ＂right to return＂ of refugees, etc. In terms of the specific implementation of the policies, there are differences between them： the Likud Party was significantly tougher than the Labor Party. Both Labor and Likud is being affected by domestic and international factors, such as homeland security, the Jewish state property, political system, Jewish mentality and the support of the United States and other factors, so their policies are consistent; however, due to different historical factions, different voter groups, and national interests as well as the interests of the parties in different periods, the two parties have different refugee policies.

Monetary Policy and Unemployment:The Case of Romania

The paper aims to analyze the monetary transmission model between the monetary policy and the labor market variable of unemployment.The results of the data show that,the external shocks have an important impact especially on the Romanian interest rates but also on the domestic production;however,the impact is not significant on unemployment,which proves the resilience of the domestic labor market.The central bank policy rate has a stabilizing effect on the unemployment rate in case of an increase in the euro area policy rate.

HAS THE PEARL RIVER DELTA BEEN AN EXPORT-ORIENTED ECONOMY?

Ever since the introduction of the Open Door Policy, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) has enjoyed very phenomenal export and economic growth. As a result, many scholars have tried to associate the two phenomena and described the region as an,'export-oriented economy'.However, these studies, mostly based on the rapid export growth of the PRD and its status as the most important exporting area of the country,have not paid any heed to the actual export-orientation of the regional economy and, hence, cannot prove that the PRD has been a 'truly'export-oriented economy. in view of these shortcomings. the present paper attempts to re-examine the issue from the viewpoint of the PRD's local economy, at both the regional and county levels. The study period is from 1981 to 1990. Judging from the export-dependency indices and the relative importance of exports in accounting for the economic growth and industrialization of the PRD, this paper concludes that the region, though having signs of increasing export-orientation, cannot be categorized as a 'truly' export-oriented economy. In addition, it also shows that most of the 'evidences' or 'common beliefs' behind the notion of an export-oriented economy in the RD are illusionary, if not erroneous. Finally, the paper explores into the reasons behind the low export-orientation of the PRD and tries to sugyst some ways for boosting the export-orientation of the PRD and tries to suggest some ways for boosting the export-orientation of the region.

Identification of the Profile of Vulnerable Population to Elaborate Efficient Employment Strategy:Proposition of a Quantitative-creative Approach

Brazilian public managers have been structuring and updating policies to support workers’employment and income strategies.However,when the vulnerable individual has social,emotional,or technical limitations,success in this operation becomes uncertain.This research aim was to propose a methodology to identify profiles in vulnerable populations,viewing to promote the efficient elaboration of employment and income strategies.The unit of analysis was vulnerable population of waste pickers,in a large city from South Brazil,in the scope of a municipal program named"All of us are Porto Alegre".A literature review allowed the identification of tools from marketing,economy and design adequate to profile analysis.A workshop with social educators responsible for giving support to the individuals.Insights from workshop and the literature allowed the proposition of a methodology including cluster analysis and the creative tool named personas.The methodological approach suggests it is adequate in confirming the differences in profiles.The theoretical contribution lies in the use of quantitative-creativity tools to support policymaking.The practical contribution is to provide consistent information for governmental decision-making at the labor access market.

Uncertainty of the Export VAT Rebate Policy:Measurement and Its Effects

Based on the export VAT rebate rate data from 2004 to 2015,this paper measures the uncertainty of Chinese export VAT rebate policy by using unexpected fluctuation of export VAT rebate rate,and finds that the index varies across products,years and industries.Then,the paper studies the influence of the uncertainty of export VAT rebate policy on China’s export growth from both theoretical and empirical perspectives.The research results show that this uncertainty reduces the expected profit of export enterprises and their optimal output,and significantly reduces the growth rate of the ordinary export that applies the export VAT rebate method,but it has no impact on the processing export.By decomposing total value of exports,it is found that the growth in the number of ordinary export relationship and average sales decrease with the increase of uncertainty,while the average price growth rate increases slightly,and these effects are only refl ected in the newly entered export relations.The findings suggest that when the uncertainty of export VAT rebate policy is high,enterprises are more cautious about entering the ordinary export market and more likely to adopt a lowquantity-high-price strategy.

A Study of Indian Government Policy on Production and Processing of Cotton and Its Implications

India is a major player in international cotton markets as it is the world＇s second largest cotton producer, consumer and exporter in 2009-2010. In this context, this paper assesses the competitiveness of Indian cotton producers and potential implications for India as a competitor in the world cotton market. This paper developed an updated estimate of the costs of cotton production in India and developed representative farm models for cotton production in three important cotton production states （Gujarat, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh） of India. In this research, Rapid Rural Appraisal （RRA） methodology has been adopted to collect information for developing representative farm models. These models are further subjected to stochastic simulation to understand the impact of government policies like subsidies to various inputs on farm level profitability and ultimately on the competitiveness of Indian cotton in international markets. This paper also analyzed the impact of national fiber policy of the government of India on the cotton processing sector in India. The results demonstrate that the net income of the cotton farmers will decrease considerably without the presence of fertilizer subsidies. The study also concludes that if the objectives of the national fiber policy are fulfilled, India will export more of value added cotton products like textiles and garments rather than raw cotton.

Mechanism of Structural Transformation of China＇s Technology Export

Extending Long＇s （2001） two-sector model into a three-sector model, this paper constructs a new framework for analysing the evolution mechanism of the structure of technology exports. The authors also have applied an adjusted Hausman model to measure the structure of exported technology at China＇s provincial level regions. Upon this foundation, approaching the subject from its domestic and international impact factors, this paper empirically tests the motives driving the structural transformation of China＇s technology export. The conclusions are： （1） the structure of China＇s technology export has improved significantly in recent years, but not as highly as measured by Rodrik （2006） et al. （2） The dynamic mechanism of the structure of China＇s technology export differs from that of the other developing countries. At national and regional levels, the mounting physical capital stock is the fundamental driving force, but with obvious decreasing marginal utility. （3） Excessive unskilled labor in the capital production sector in the central and western regions, and excessively low export prices in the eastern regions have caused negative effects of the skilled labor in the western region and unskilled labor in the eastern region on local structure of technology export.

Investments in the Russian Agriculture Under the Economic, Political Volatility

The article states that the purpose of the agricultural industry of Russia is the creation of a market for innovation and investment to improve productivity and competitiveness in the context of growing economic, political, and natural climatic instability and volatility, both in Russia and abroad （membership in the WTO, industry globalization, etc.）. Foreign economic and political sanctions have a growing negative impact. It is very important for the agriculture industry to be supported by the Russian state budget and to have administrative support, the institutional structure of the state, quantitative and qualitative indicators of national support： federal, regional, and municipal. Positive development of the regional and city aspect is also important.

劳动力老化如何影响劳动生产率?——基于中国城市面板数据的分析

中国自2000年步入老龄化社会以来,人口老龄化程度持续加深,作为社会经济基本要素,劳动力老化使得社会经济发展面临一系列新挑战与新机遇。为探索劳动力老化对劳动生产率的影响机理,基于2000—2020年中国城市面板数据,在借鉴既往研究的基础上,利用长差分模型实证分析劳动力老化对劳动生产率的影响。研究发现,劳动力老化与劳动生产率之间呈负相关关系;进一步从要素投入和技术进步两个方面考察劳动力老化对劳动生产率的作用机制后发现,劳动力老化主要通过影响技术进步与劳动就业作用于劳动生产率;此外,劳动技能提升、公共财政投入等公共政策可以有效降低劳动力老化对劳动生产率的消极影响;最后,本研究认为,若想有效应对这一问题就要加强对生育问题的关注,要从劳动技能提升、公共财政投入等方面制定专门且有效的公共政策,并在具体实施时,注重相关政策向中西部地区、二线及以下城市等特定地区倾斜。上述这些研究结论有助于从劳动力老化视角解释中国城市劳动生产率的表现差异,对于推动人口发展新格局下的经济高质量发展具有重要意义。

跨境电商产业政策对出口开放度的影响:来自合成控制法的证据

跨境电商作为数字经济时代的一种贸易新业态,是否有助于缓解当前逆全球化背景下中国外循环面临的挑战值得关注。文章以2012年和2013年实施的跨境贸易电子商务服务试点作为准实验,运用合成控制法进行了反事实分析,以此来识别跨境电商产业政策对试点城市出口开放度的因果效应,并在此基础上进一步从理论和实证的角度揭示了跨境电商产业政策对试点城市出口开放度的影响机制。研究结果表明,跨境电商产业政策显著促进了试点城市的出口开放度,这一结论通过了一系列稳健性检验;机制分析表明,跨境电商产业政策对试点城市出口开放度的影响主要是通过降低试点城市贸易成本这一渠道产生的。基于上述分析,文章最后针对性地提出了相关政策建议。

区域贸易协定中竞争政策规则对出口国内增加值的影响研究

以64个国家1995—2017年141个区域贸易协定为样本,在测度竞争政策规则深度的基础上,实证考察其对出口国内增加值的影响。研究结果表明:竞争政策规则的强化有助于提升缔约方出口国内增加值。该结果经过稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析结果表明,缔约方制度质量加强了竞争政策规则对出口国内增加值的促进作用,但区域贸易协定灵活度会阻碍该促进作用。区分条款发现,横向原则与国有企业条款可以促进出口国内增加值;区分国别发现,竞争政策规则对不同经济发展水平国家出口国内增加值存在异质性影响。进一步分析发现,竞争政策规则的强化对第三方国家存在溢出效应。因此,中国应有意识地强化竞争政策的基础性地位,合理设计竞争政策条款并逐步提升执行度,打造更为开放透明、公平竞争的市场环境。

货币政策对企业劳动投资效率的影响研究

基于2010—2020年我国A股上市公司的相关数据,对货币政策与企业劳动投资效率之间的关系进行探讨。研究发现,在货币政策紧缩时,企业劳动投资效率会有明显的提高,会计稳健性的提高以及自由现金流量的减少是紧缩性货币政策影响企业劳动投资效率的主要作用机制。进一步研究发现,高质量的公司治理水平会抑制紧缩性货币政策对企业劳动投资效率的影响。非效率劳动投资分组检验结果表明,紧缩性货币政策对企业劳动投资效率的促进效应,更多地表现为抑制劳动投资过度。

企业数字化转型如何提升出口产品质量?——来自制造业上市公司的经验证据

数字化转型已经成为中国制造业企业高质量发展的新引擎。本文基于新新贸易理论,将任务模型引入企业出口产品质量决定模型,在理论层面分析了企业数字化转型与出口产品质量的关系,并利用2007—2015年中国海关数据和制造业上市公司数据,采用固定效应模型检验企业数字化转型对出口产品质量的影响及作用机制。研究结果显示,企业数字化转型能提升出口产品质量,在考虑内生性问题和一系列稳健性检验后,回归结果依然显著为正。企业数字化转型对高对外开放水平地区、良好创新环境地区出口产品质量的促进效应更显著。企业数字化转型通过提高全要素生产率、替代低技能劳动力和降低信息成本提升出口产品质量。本文的研究丰富了出口产品质量方面的研究,为数字经济背景下企业高质量发展提供了政策启示。

中国式学校体育现代化中的“五育并举”

历经四个发展阶段,党的教育方针从德、智、体“三育全面发展”拓展成德、智、体、美、劳“五育并举”,这是中国教育在新时代面对人才培养的现实主题,是应对新征程中国教育的发展要求而进行的目标拓展和改革举措。研究发现,从中国式学校体育现代化的视角来看,“五育”中的体育是一个极具特殊性的教育和学科,它在功能上与德育、智育、美育及劳动教育有着深刻内在的结构性联系,因此它具有与其他“四育”可以深入融合共育的广泛可能性。鉴于推进“五育并举”过程中会遇到的结构性障碍与困难,分别提出了体育与其他“四育”并举并进的途径与方法,推进体育成为“五育并举”的主渠道、主战场和主力军。

重点产业政策与中国企业出口产品组合调整

本文利用中国工业企业数据和海关数据,考察了重点产业政策对多产品企业出口产品组合调整的影响。研究结果发现,重点产业政策促进了企业出口产品集中度的提高和出口产品范围的扩大。这种促进作用在民营企业、外资企业、一般贸易企业和东部地区企业中更为突出。重点产业政策通过缓解企业融资约束和激励企业技术创新等渠道影响企业出口行为的调整,同时,激烈的国内同业竞争和目的地市场竞争进一步强化了产业政策效应。除了影响受支持企业的出口行为,重点产业政策还能通过融资和创新的溢出效应带动相同二位码行业内非重点企业调整出口产品组合,培育其竞争优势。

“双碳”背景下中国制造业绿色出口竞争力研究

在“双碳”背景下,提升中国制造业绿色出口竞争力对发展绿色贸易具有重要意义。论文引入碳排放权交易价格,运用多区域投入产出模型,将传统的单位劳动成本改进为单位绿色隐含劳动成本,将出口增加值国际市场份额改进为绿色出口增加值国际市场份额,进而构建绿色出口竞争力指数,测算并比较中国十大制造行业绿色出口竞争力。研究发现,2005—2019年中国大部分制造行业单位绿色隐含劳动成本和绿色出口竞争力指数均在上升,其中单位绿色隐含劳动成本上升最多的是金属制品业,从2005年的0.409上升到2019年的0.780,绿色出口竞争力指数上升最多的是非金属矿物制品业,从0.243上升到1.069。回归结果表明,研发投入和行业规模对中国制造业绿色出口竞争力有显著正向影响。针对以上结论,在“双碳”目标下,论文提出提高劳动生产率、培育可持续竞争优势、加大技术研发投入等政策建议。