On the Experience, Problems in Science and Technology Services of Basic Scientific Research Institutes and Suggestions——Taking Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of Jiangsu as an Example

Taking the Jiangsu Province as Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of an example, the paper elaborated the advanced practices of agricultural research institutes in agricultural science and technology services and analyzed the difficulties and solutions in the services. process of science and technologyservices.

Suitability Evaluation on the Information Service System of "Agricultural Science and Technology 110" in Sichuan Province, China

Method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to carry out suitability evaluation on the information service system of "Agricultural Science and Technology 110" in Sichuan Province, China. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and expert consultation method are used to determine the evaluation index system and index weight. Suitability effect of the information service system of "Agricultural Science and Technology 110" is taken as the target layer. The five indices at criterion layer are the organizational mode of agricultural information service, the support system of agricultural information resources, the agricultural information transfer system, the capital source of agricultural information service, and the support system of agricultural information service. And the index layer includes the talent team of agent service, the interaction between the subject and object, the accuracy of agricultural information, the convenience of agricultural information transfer, the adequacy of fund, the efficiency in the use of fund, the status of information infrastructure and so on. Evaluation result shows that the information service system of "Agricultural Science and Technology 110" in Sichuan Province is suitable for the rural economic development at present. The major factors restricting the information service system are the lack of continuity, the weak infrastructure of agricultural information infrastructure, and the relatively low education level of agricultural producers. Therefore, we should further explore and improve the operation mechanism of agricultural information service, expand the capital source of agricultural information service, strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure, and ensure the continuous operation of information service system.

How to Optimize the Management of Science and Technology Funds in Colleges and Universities Based on the Policy of Streamlining Administration,Delegating Powers,Improving Regulation,and Strengthening Services

To advance the field of science and technology,we need to revitalize the development of science and technology through innovation.The development of science and technology has many beneficial implications on the revitalization of the country.For this reason,universities in China should give full attention to their role as the main propeller of science and technology.“Streamlining administration,delegating powers,improving regulation,and strengthening services”is a policy issued by the Chinese government for the management of science and technology funds in colleges and universities.Based on the policy of“streamlining administration,delegating powers,improving regulation,and strengthening services,”colleges and universities must optimize the management of science and technology funds for their efficient use.In this paper,we analyzed the importance of the policy and put forward an effective management strategy,aiming to improve the management of science and technology funds in colleges and universities.

Innovative Practice of Science and Technology Supported Western Village Public Cultural Services in China

The shortage and inefficiency of public cultural services are common problems in China, especially in the western regions. Baiyun District has made use- ful exploration to the construction of rural public cultural service system, network system, resource system, management system and service system.

Problems and Solutions of Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Service System

Abstract Problems in agricultural science and technology service system were ana- lyzed, such as system problem, investment and worker quality, and based on this countermeasures were proposed, so as to promote the development of modern agri- culture and construction of new countryside.

Modes and Approaches of Promoting Rural Revitalization by Science and Technology Commissioners: A Case Study of Science and Technology Commissioners from Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The modes and approaches of promoting the implementation of strategy for rural revitalization based on agricultural science and technology commissioner system were studied by taking Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences as an example.The relevant modes and approaches were summarized,such as giving full play to the expertise of science and technology commissioners to promote the prosperity of rural industries,promoting ecological livable construction based on modern agricultural science and technology,promoting rural civilization based on agricultural science and technology,and promoting the construction of rural good governance based on advanced productivity.Besides,agricultural science and technology commissioners use the three elements of"people,technology,and money"to promote the enhancement of agricultural efficiency,farmers’income,and the prosperity of life and then the coordinated development of rural revitalization.

Distributed Technology of E-Business and Its Practice

With the evolution of application system, there are t wo different system architectures. One is the traditional application system suc h as MIS and Business Software. Along with its extension, the traditional applic ation system transforms from file-based structure to C/S and then CSS model. At the same time, following the prevalence of Internet/Intranet, Web application s ystem based on browser comes into being. In early time, Web application only pro vided functions of looking over or querying static data on browser. But with the development of Internet/Intranet widely, it’s expected that more and more trad itional applications can be performed on browser, or even E-Business trades and other complicated application systems such as MIS, ERP and CRM and so on. In or der to satisfy both traditional application and Web application, reduce the cost of developing system repeatedly, increase the repeated use of application syste m and take advantage of the functions of OOA/OOD sufficiently, a new distributed architecture structure (system solution based on repeated components) comes for th. In this article, this distributed architecture structure will be discuss ed in detail. Firstly, the evolution of traditional application system and Web application sys tem will be talked over, especially the advantages and disadvantages of these tw o architectures. Secondly, the distributed architecture (system solution based o n repeated components) will be described particular. Several prevalent technolog y of component, such as COM+, CORBA and EJB, will also be illustrate d in this part. Thirdly, the practice of the technology of repeated component wi ll be discussed by analysing and designing the management system of Science & Te chnology Articles. Lastly, the latest distributed techonlogy of E-business(Web service based on xml/soap) will be discussed. In the end, Based on summing-up o f the distributed technology of E-Business, the future distributed tenchnology of E-Business will be expected.

Research on Intelligent Technology Management and Service Platform

In recent years,there are some problems in science and technology management,such as untimely task supervision and independent information system,which makes it difficult to achieve accurate,quantitative and standardized management.The storage of scientific research test data is scattered,and there are many deficiencies in the management,promotion and use of existing intellectual property.In this paper,on the basis of the knowledge economy,intelligence economy under the conditions of knowledge management concept and cutting-edge technology,technology management and service management related data,information,knowledge,method of blend together.Based on science and technology management,knowledge management as the core of management and service platform of science and technology technical route,main function,construction principles and standards.In order to realize the management systematization of science and technology,intelligent,better educated,multi-level and multi-angle application services.

Library's industrial technology information service in science parks—Taking NSL's practice as an example

Purpose:The purpose of this paper is to explore how libraries can develop service and product strategies and the service support mechanism to provide industrial technology information service in science parks.Design/methodology/approach:The analysis is based on a case study of a large Chinese research library,National Science Library(NSL),the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),in serving high-tech companies in Zhongguancun Science Park(Z-Park).Findings:NSL’s practices suggested that in serving business clients,libraries’ product and service strategies should be based on the understanding of users’ needs.Aside from those services that have been recognized by clients such as document retrieval & delivery and novelty search,libraries may expand their service and provide in-depth information analysis and consultation for some key clients.Moreover,a service and product development system should be established,which differentiates the libraries’ products and services from those of their competitors.In providing industrial technology information service,libraries need to construct the service support mechanism,publicize their service and learn to cooperate with clients to meet their demands for knowledge management and innovation.Research limitations:The generalizability of the findings is limited because they are based on an individual case study.Practical implications:Our service practices provide useful information for other libraries to expand their information service to high-tech companies in the new information environment.Originality/value:Z-Park is the first and one of the largest science and technology parks in China.Hence NSL’s practices in serving high-tech companies in Z-Park can be valuable to other libraries that intend to take up the similar service.

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China＇s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.

THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACKYARD AS A LOCAL LEVEL INNOVATION INTERMEDIARY IN RURAL CHINA

Agricultural innovation can be described as a coevolutionary process of technological innovation,symbolic change,and social or institutional innovation,which relies on the interactions and collaboration between multiple stakeholders.This view emphasizes the significance of innovation intermediaries in supporting the coevolution process of innovation.Many studies have provided evidence on how innovation intermediaries play roles in supporting the coevolution innovation process at a broader innovation system level.However,little emphasis has been given to the role of innovation intermediaries in supporting the coevolution process of innovation at the community level in rural China.To address this research gap,this paper offers a case study of a novel type of innovation support intervention designed to promote technical change at the community level,the Science and Technology Backyard(STB).The paper focuses on the efforts of a specific STB in Wangzhuang village to promote innovation in tillage methods in wheat production.The aims was to examine the role of this newly emerging innovation support intervention in supporting the coevolution process of innovation at the community level,and compare the outcome of the coevolution process in the village with an STB to that in villages without an STB.Innovation journey analysis is applied to understand the evolved intermediation roles in the innovation process,and multivariate regression analysis is employed to assess the outcome of the coevolution process in villages with and without an STB.The findings suggest that the roles of STBs have evolved from knowledge brokers to systemic innovation intermediaries that facilitate the coevolution process of innovation inside an STB village.It has led to a higher adoption rate of improved technology,a better enabling environment for learning,and more effective institutional support in STB villages than in non-STB villages.However,the effect of support provided by a single STB on the coevolution process outside the community was limited.This finding points to a need for collaboration mechanisms and for connecting single STBs to support the coevolution process of innovation at a larger scale.

Web Service在油水液位检测系统中的应用研究

针对现有油水液位检测系统开发中存在数据和数据处理方法共享不足的缺陷,提出了采用Web Service技术设计开发油水液位检测系统的思路。介绍了Web Service技术和电磁波油水液位测量原理,讨论了系统总体结构框架,设计了Web Service接口,完成了基于Web Service接口的面向底层设计和面向顶层设计,通过引用Web Service接口,实现了油水液位检测系统功能。结果表明,采用Web Service技术的油水液位检测系统在数据共享和分布式计算方面实现了程序到程序的交互,方便用户调用和管理。

高水平科技自立自强的内涵特征、评价指标与实现路径

高水平科技自立自强是高水平科技自立和高水平科技自强的有机统一,具有自主性、引领性、开放性、体系性、可持续性等重要特征。实现高水平科技自立自强的主要标志是关键核心技术自主可控、重要创新成果全球领先、国际科技合作紧密高效、体系化创新支撑能力强、科技创新体制机制完善,可以用关键核心技术自给率、高被引论文占全球比重、三方专利拥有量占全球比重、全社会研发投入与国内生产总值比值、知识产权出口额占全球比重、全球创新指数排名等18个指标进行衡量。经过多年的发展,我国科技自立自强取得明显成效,但也存在原始创新能力还不强、科技生态需要进一步优化等问题,亟须抓住破除体制机制障碍这个关键,深化科技体制改革,加快构筑完善的新型举国体制、原创技术激发机制、开放合作机制、创新生态育成机制和持续投入机制,形成符合科研规律,有效满足国家发展和市场需求,鼓励创新、开放包容、充满活力、系统有效的科技创新体制机制。

高层次医学创新人才培养的理论思考和实践举措——基于国家科技奖的实证分析

科技革命带来了医学创新发展新需求,创新之道,唯在得人。国家科技奖代表了一定时期内我国科学技术领域取得的重要突破,其权威性高、荣誉性强。本文通过整理2016—2020年医学领域国家科技奖获奖情况,从获奖数量、获奖地区、获奖主体、学科分布和交叉融合等方面对获奖成果进行分析,从而把握我国医学科技创新的现状与问题,以期为健康中国建设培养高层次医学创新人才提供借鉴与启示。

我国遗产型景区“平台(platform)+数据(data)+标准(standard)”管服体系构建初探

探索构建我国遗产型景区“平台(platform)+数据(data)+标准(standard)”管服体系是深入贯彻落实习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的二十大精神,推进科技治理体系和遗产型景区管理能力现代化发展的重要实践。随着文化旅游产业蓬勃发展,针对国家和地方遗产型景区管理现状,构建符合我国遗产型景区科技创新规律、适应遗产型景区新需求的科技创新管理体系,成为国家、省、市、区县中各类遗产型景区优化管理资源的重要途径。本文通过论述大数据、云计算、人工智能等相关技术,设计“横向到边、纵向到底”的总体建设思路,旨在构建统一标准、信息统筹、资源共享、监测预警、管理优化、决策支持等功能于一体的系统运行体系,为政府推动遗产型景区管理创新制定有效措施提出建议。

产业数字化对碳生产力的影响研究

在数字经济时代背景下,借助产业数字化平衡经济发展与碳排放之间的关系,对“双碳”目标的实现具有重要意义。本文基于2013~2021年的省级面板数据构建产业数字化水平指标体系,测度后实证探讨产业数字化对碳生产力的影响及作用机制,并多维度比较分析其影响差异。研究发现:产业数字化的发展能够显著促进碳生产力的提升,但该促进作用具有异质性。在中、西部和数字技术水平低的地区,产业数字化对碳生产力的提升作用更强;相比农业和工业数字化,服务业数字化对碳生产力的提升作用更显著。进一步的机制分析表明,产业数字化可通过促进绿色技术创新和优化能源消费结构推动碳生产力提升。本文为深入推进产业数字化的发展以及充分发挥其在实现“双碳”目标中的关键作用提供了理论指导及政策启示。

中国低空经济发展的实践进路:依托科技自立自强助力新质生产力形成

低空经济是中国首倡的一种新兴经济模式,也是近年中国在无人机、卫星定位、5G通信和精密导航等多个领域掌握核心技术,实现高水平科技自立自强的进路呈现。受益于国家和地方政策支持以及资源投入,近两年中国低空经济得以迅速发展,产生了一系列有益的产业化探索和创新实践,然而,由于低空经济关联的技术领域较广,如何进行技术和专利分析目前还存在不少研究盲点;此外,针对低空经济发展可能带来的社会、环境、生态、健康和安全等维度的风险也缺乏足够的关注和应对措施,围绕中国低空经济发展相关的政策、制度和监管体系也亟待进一步健全和完善。为此,首先分析低空经济的内涵与外延,给出其明确定义,即以低空空域为主要物理空间,依托先进的移动通信、卫星定位和物联网等数字基础设施,以及人工智能和大数据为代表的新一代信息技术,围绕低空飞行器生产制造、低空飞行和相关配套服务等新兴产业,通过高水平科技自立自强助力新质生产力发展,从而实现价值的创造和转化,从而更好地满足人民日益增长的物质文化需要;其次,通过政府官方网站搜集梳理中国低空经济相关政策,综合相关文献信息和政策文本,并与大语言模型GPT-4进行交互的基础上,提取和完善低空经济技术(专利)检索关键词,而后利用企查查、incoPat、壹专利等数据库采集相关数据进行系统性分析,丰富和完善相关实证研究;最后,在此基础上分析提出中国低空经济发展在核心技术研发、新兴产业布局、数据隐私和安全风险管理、空域噪声和电磁污染治理,以及国家层面政策法规标准制定等方面所面临的现实挑战和潜在的治理风险,并针对其实践进路提出相应对策建议。

英国A-Level计算机科学测试评价机制——以“程序设计题”为例

英国A-Level计算机科学测试以论述题、问答题、程序设计题为主要题型,采用纸质试卷与上机操作相结合的考试形式。程序设计题的命题思路侧重于对问题分析、特征抽象与问题解决能力的考查,以程序代码为评分对象,与试题配套的评分方案详细界定了学业水平的划分、评分要求和评分实施步骤。借鉴A-Level计算机科学测试的评价机制,我国高中信息技术学科程序设计题的学业评价可以尝试从以下方面做出努力:拓宽命题思路,明确评分对象;细化水平描述,明确评分方案;统一评分流程,规范评分要求;切合评价目标,丰富考试形式。

国家级训练基地高水平综合科技服务保障的实践探索与经验启示

运用案例分析方法,对国家级训练基地高水平综合科技服务保障的内涵及功能特征进行深度剖析,梳理高水平综合科技服务保障的实践探索过程,并总结经验启示。研究认为,国家级训练基地高水平综合科技服务保障的内涵是以助力国家队备战参赛为目标导向,为运动员和教练员提供一站式的高质量服务保障,其具有竞技性、综合性及多元性的功能特征。以国家体育总局秦皇岛训练基地为典型案例,通过打造“四位一体”综合体化发展模式、创建高水平科学训练中心、加强特色创新与应用推广、深化多元主体协同合作等方面的积极探索,助力高水平综合科技服务保障取得显著成效。启示:深入探索基地综合体化发展模式,加强多主体间协同联动;持续完善高水平科学训练中心,实现全流程科技服务保障;全面提升科研意识与科研协作,推动全要素体育科技融合;切实打造高水平科技服务团队,提供全方位科技人才支撑;完善高水平科技服务制度保障,助力高质量训练基地建设。