Increasing Plant Availability by Mechanical Checking of the Cement Rotary Kiln Axis

A periodic check of the cement rotary kiln axis is needed withinthe framework of preventive ma- intenance for maintaining high plantavailability. The fourth generation 'KAS-4' measuring system wasdevel- oped by Wuhan University of Technology in 1999. The system canbe carried out with rotating or stationary kiln plant. The same istrue of the measurement of tire and supporting roller diameters, theclearance of tires, the po- sition of rollers, the machining of tiresand rollers, the slops of roller surfaces, the deflection of gear,the axis of kiln. The system has been applied to the measurement for10 set of cement rotary kiln in China.

The Liner Formulas between the Supporting Force and Axis Warp of Large-scale Rotary Kiln with Multi-support

Kilns are the key equipment in the metallurgy,architectural and chemistry industry. It is the statically indeterminate system with over load, large torque and multi-support. The kiln move axis warp resulting in that the load distribution is asymmetry, cause many mechanical failure and safe accidents and the interruption of the produce, which bring a great losses. Treating the distribution of the kiln load and the complexity of the stiffness change, the all-purpose model and matrix, used to solve the variable-stiffness beam upon complex load, are established in this paper. The resultant force of kiln in vertical and horizontal direction is calculated. Accordingly, the liner formulas for calculating the supporting force of the support wheels are obtained, and the wheel supporting force also can be easily obtained based on each shell warp. This will provide theory conference for safety management and rational maintenance.

Design of the Rotation Angle Measurement System for the Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector (ADC)

In order to measure the rotation angle error of the worm and gear mechanisms in the atmospheric dispersion corrector( ADC),a novel measurement system based on the autocollimator is designed in this paper.Based on the position relations between the shaft and spot converged by rays of autocollimator,the rotation angle can be calculated quickly and conveniently using a brief algorithm. An optical wedge is introduced to the measurement system for suppressing the awful measuring error caused by the axial wobbly error. The measurement system can measure the shaft rotation angle at any rotation position,which is the novel usage of the two-dimensional autocollimator. Its optical layout is very simple. Only an optical wedge and two plane mirrors are needed besides the autocollimator. The measurement accuracy of the proposed method is less than±0.5 arcmin. In the measurement of two worms and gears mechanisms in ADC,the rotation angle error are±0.05° and ±0.07° respectively,which all satisfies the design demand( ±0.1°). The proposed measurement system can be also suits for some engineering fields.

Design and dynamic analysis of single-axis integrated inertia measurement device

The structure and measurement theory of a single-axis integrated inertia measurement device are discussed in this paper.The acceleration and angle velocity can be detected by the proposed sensor at the same time.The ki- netic model of the device is also established.In addition,the signal generation of the single-axis integrated inertia measurement device is analyzed and simulated.The results of the model are consistent with simulation result.

TOFD检测中轴偏离缺陷方位参数的测量误差

在TOFD非平行扫查检测中,是假定缺陷位于焊缝中心轴线上的。因此对于偏离焊缝中心轴线的缺陷,其埋藏深度和自身高度这两个方位参数的测量存在一定的误差。通过数学推导,建立了相应的数学模型,从理论上分析了埋藏深度、自身高度、偏心距大小、探头入射点间距等多个因素对该误差影响的变化规律,并通过试块进行了试验验证。结果证明减小埋藏深度及高度测量误差的方法对TOFD无损检测工艺的选择具有较好的指导意义。

两种声呐系统应用于沉井测量的对比分析

现代城市重大工程勘测和地下排水管网调查中,大型污水沉井测量是一项重要且有困难的工作。传统的蛙人下井探摸方式,因其危险系数高、测量误差较大而逐渐被高精度声呐探测系统代替。为实现高精度、高效率的大型污水沉井测量,本文开发了一套多波束声呐沉井测量系统,并将其与双轴扫描声呐测量系统从多个角度对比分析。试验结果表明,多波束声呐测量系统重量轻、体积小、精度高、外业测量效率高、获得点云密度高,能够快速获取蓄水沉井的井室和进出水口三维形态。随着技术的进步,声呐测量系统将成为管道、沉井、空洞区等城市地下蓄水空间测量的有效工具。

使用AxiSet设备的五轴机床快速测量方法

针对五轴机床受装配精度和旋转部件的影响,使机床出现结构误差造成刀具在刀位点处出现偏移,影响机床的加工精度。通过分析各项误差对刀位点的影响,建立五轴运动学误差模型,使用Axi SetTMCheck-up组件中的3D测针-球体设备,对球心进行不同角度的多次测量,根据相应的五轴进给对机床误差项进行精确求解。所采用的测量方法对建立的各类误差模型具有较好的一致性,通过对五轴运动误差的补偿不仅可以提高现有数控机床的加工精度,而且为以后多轴机床的测量提供了统一的测量基础。

基于TOFRAME功能的并联机床角度检测方法

基于并联机床的特殊结构以及法向抬刀的方法,探索出一种快速检测虚拟轴最大角度的方法,并通过实际工程应用实践,可以准确快速地检测出虚拟轴各角度定位误差。

A dual-axis, high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer

Atomic magnetometer （AM） operated in a spin-exchange relaxation-free （SERF） regime features superior sensitivity and non-cryogenic operation, and thus is competitive with the best superconducting quantum interference devices. Previously, SERF AM with fT/Hz1/2 level sensitivity commonly acted as a single-axis sensor. Here we demonstrate a dual-axis SERF AM capable of simultaneously and independently detecting x-and y-field components with a sensitivity of 20 fT/Hz1/2. As there is no necessity to worry about the cross-talk effects arising from field modulations, the dual-axis scheme proposed here is of particular interest to AM array and hence the biomagnetic applications.

Embedded sensor system for five-degree-of-freedom error detection on machine tools

Any linear stage of machine tool has inherent six-degree-of-freedom(6-DOF)geometric errors.Its motion control system,however,has only the position feedback.Moreover,the feedback point is not the commanded cutting point.This is the main reason why the positioning error along each axis and the volumetric error in the working space are inevitable.This paper presents a compact 5-DOF sensor system that can be embedded in each axis of motion as additional feedback sensors of the machine tool for the detection of three angular errors and two straightness errors.Using the derived volumetric error model,the feedback point can be transferred to the cutting point.The design principle of the developed 5-DOF sensor system is described.An in-depth study of systematic error compensation due to crosstalk of straightness error and angular error is analyzed.A prototype has been built into a three-axis NC milling machine.The results of a series of the comparison experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the developed sensor system.

五轴数控机床旋转轴综合误差测量与辨识

针对五轴数控机床旋转轴的运动误差和几何误差的综合评估问题,在不考虑直线轴运动误差影响的情况下,提出了一种采用R-test测量仪的测量及其辨识方法。首先,测量过程按照参考球的两种不同高度设置进行,仅移动旋转轴,而不移动直线轴。其次,利用R-test测量仪对旋转轴的运动精度进行了测量。此外,假设旋转轴位置几何误差和工作台上参考球的设置误差是影响测量结果的因素,并通过最小二乘法对这些因素进行分离。采用IBS公司的R-test测量仪,对米克朗公司UCP800Duro立式五轴加工中心C轴的运动误差和几何误差进行了测量实验。研究结果表明,该方法能够正确识别旋转轴的运动误差和几何误差,可以有效地综合评估旋转轴的运动精度,并有助于进一步提高旋转工作台的精度。

新型旋转激光扫描系统轴系调整与误差标定

旋转激光扫描系统是一种基于精密转台结合多路激光的空间多目标并行角度传感系统。为改善系统光源性能,设计了一种采用光纤从外部导入光源的新型轴系结构。但是当激光以一定角度穿过中空的转轴进入镜组后,若倾斜入射柱镜,将导致出射的扫描光面型发生变化。针对此问题,研究了一种基于平行线的传递性的激光光轴姿态的调整方法,并借助激光跟踪仪测量平台,分别对光轴与转轴轴系进行拟合,建立了对光轴倾斜误差的标定方法。实验结果表明,调整后光轴与转轴轴线的空间夹角优于0.15°,完全满足扫描光截面中心直线度对激光入射柱镜的角度要求。该调整方案可用于系统的装配环节,使扫描光更加接近理想平面,有助于系统测量精度的提升。

精密镗床旋转轴几何误差完备性测量与辨识

针对四轴卧式镗床旋转轴需测几何误差的数目不统一与完备性缺失的问题,提出了基于形状创成函数的四轴卧式镗床旋转轴PIGEs形成机理分析方法与旋转轴完备几何误差测量辨识方法。基于形状创成机理构建了卧式镗床几何误差创成函数,确定了旋转轴可通过误差补偿进行调整的最少与位置无关的几何误差(Position-independent geometric error, PIGEs)数目。建立了卧式镗床旋转轴4项PIGEs、6项与位置有关的几何误差(Position-dependent geometric error, PDGEs)、6项安装误差(Setup error, SEs)与球杆仪(Double ball bar, DBB)测量轨迹半径之间的完备性函数模型,设计了基于DBB的四轴联动Viviani曲线测量轨迹,构建了旋转轴6项PDGEs的NURBS表征与PIGEs、SEs辨识方法。开展了误差补偿对比实验验证,结果表明,利用几何误差完备性测量与辨识结果进行误差补偿,较仅单一补偿6项PDGEs可提升圆轨迹测量精度40.69%。

压缩感知在斜轴式马达声强成像中的应用研究

斜轴式轴向柱塞马达内部噪声源距离较近,如马达配流盘进、出油口间的距离为38 mm,且马达噪声源存在同频及倍频现象。斜轴式马达内部密集复杂的噪声源,导致频谱分析方法难以准确识别同频及倍频信号,传统声强测量的最高分辨率为50 mm,无法满足马达内部噪声源的辨识精度要求。针对传统方法难以准确辨识马达噪声源的问题,文中提出了一种基于压缩感知的声强测量方法,将压缩感知理论运用于声强云图高精度重构中,获取马达高分辨率的声强重构图像。首先,通过对斜轴式马达进行噪声辐射仿真分析,获取其外表面声场特性;然后,以马达外表面声强云图为先验信息,设计应用于马达声场的压缩感知框架,获取高精度重构马达声强云图;最后,通过马达传统声强测量与压缩感知声强测量的对比实验验证压缩感知理论对于提高马达噪声源辨识精度的可行性。结果表明,基于压缩感知的声强测量方法将马达噪声源辨识尺度从原来的70 mm提升至30 mm,提高了马达噪声源的辨识精度,实现了马达噪声源的高精度定位。

六轴串联机器人关节转角误差补偿及运动学标定

机器人运动学标定是几何量计量领域的热门研究方向之一。针对现有串联机器人运动学标定方法一般都忽视关节转角误差补偿的问题,在六轴串联机器人关节转角误差实验数据分析基础上,提出一种基于切比雪夫多项式拟合的机器人关节转角误差补偿,并在关节转角误差补偿之后进行机器人本体运动学标定。然后,利用激光跟踪仪对ABB IRB 1410机器人进行关节转角误差补偿和本体运动学标定实验验证,实验结果表明:该方法可以将机器人的绝对定位误差均值由2.11 mm降至0.66 mm。研究工作将为进一步提升机器人定位准确度提供理论基础和技术条件。

平台式航空重力仪研制及测试

以某型国产航空重力仪为例,介绍了三轴惯性稳定平台式航空重力仪的工作原理、设备组成,以及外场性能测试方法。通过误差模型分析,指出高精度水平姿态保持是进一步提高航空重力测量精度的关键因素之一,并建立了惯性稳定条件下平台旋转结合Kalman滤波误差估计的旋转组合标定方法,在保持惯性元件标校精度的基础上,提高了外场实施的效率。另外,根据航空重力测量的特点,总结了一套包括静态精度测量和动态精度测试在内的外场正式作业前仪器性能评价方法。测试结果显示,该型航空重力仪的静态精度达到0.14×10^(-5)m/s^(2),动态内符合中误差优于0.63×10^(-5)m/s^(2),系统差优于0.23×10^(-5)m/s^(2),达到国外高端航空重力仪指标水平。未来,随着仪器和差分GNSS精度的进一步提高,将开拓其在地震科学领域的应用。

数控机床旋转轴多自由度静/热误差同步测量与建模

针对现有的数控机床旋转轴误差测量与建模方法仅考虑多自由度静态几何误差或单自由度热误差单独作用的影响,未考虑几何误差和热误差耦合影响的问题,提出了一种基于球杆仪的数控机床旋转轴多自由度静/热误差同步测量与建模方法。首先基于齐次坐标变换建立球杆仪杆长变化模型,再基于该模型使用非齐次线性方程组建立静/热误差辨识模型;其次设计了适应多自由度静/热误差同步测量的球杆仪安装模式以缩短测量时间,减少热逸散对测量结果的影响;再次基于卷积长短期记忆神经网络(CNN-LSTM)建立旋转轴多自由度静/热误差预测模型;最后在数控蜗杆砂轮磨齿机的C轴上进行误差测量实验,对多种转速下的旋转轴多自由度误差进行快速辨识,并通过CNN-LSTM静/热误差预测模型对多自由度误差和球杆仪杆长变化进行预测,以验证所建模型的准确性。

高精度小型经纬仪转轴锁紧机构结构设计

随着光测设备对机动化、小型化的需求增多,受系统空间限制,原大型经纬仪的转轴锁紧机构复杂,占用空间大,加工难度大,并不适用小型经纬仪转轴锁紧。本文根据项目特点设计了小型经纬仪转轴锁紧结构,具有稳定性高、结构简单、加工难度小、占用空间小等特点,可以实现经纬仪在任意角度的转轴锁紧,实现凝视功能。其中对锁紧机构的组成与工作原理进行了详细的介绍与阐述,经过计算选择核心零件的材料,实践结果表明了该结构的合理性。

基于光学测量技术的目标姿态测量方法研究

该系统主要用于测量飞行器落入目标点时的姿态信息。论文对两种姿态测量方法进行比较,通过误差分析和实验,证明矩方法在用于提取图像中小目标时可以获取比较精确的姿态测量值。

Canny边缘检测和轴线矢量靶场目标姿态测量

对于靶场飞行目标的姿态测量问题,提出一种基于Canny边缘检测与Hough直线检测的靶场目标图像轴线提取方法,并利用成像平面交会获得旋转锥形载体的轴线,实现目标轴线的姿态测量的目的。靶场试验一般有多台光学测量设备采集目标图像,对采集到图像首先应用Canny算子检测目标边缘,对边缘图像适用Hough直线检测算法提取到成像平面上的目标轴线,进而可以得到测站和目标轴线所在的空间平面,利用面面相交原理获得目标轴线矢量的姿态角。该测量方法是基于Canny边缘检测和Hough直线检测的轴线提取方法,在仿真试验中对应用不同参数提取的轴线角度误差在0.3°左右,在实际试验中对目标的轴线提取误差在-0.7°~0.6°之间。实验表明该方法提取出的目标轴线的姿态角能够满足试验需求。