Study on Dialect Words in Chinese Neologism——Based on the Research of Beijing,Guangdong,Hunan and Jiangxi Dialects

In recent years,a large number of dialect words merged with Chinese mandarin,becoming a main source of Chinese new words and contributing to the diversity of Chinese.Targeting this phenomenon,the researchers conducted research on those words.By studying literature,sending out questionnaires,making field trips and observations,this paper analyzes the main factors influencing the dialect words'absorption in Chinese mandarin and the channels involved,summarizes the traits of their formula tion.

On the Roles of Cultural and Artistic Features of Dialects in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

As a Chinese dialect that bears the greatest resemblance to Standard Mandarin,Northeastern Mandarin is the closest relative of Standard Mandarin in terms of vocabularies,rhetorical devices and grammatical rules.The traditional Chinese folk culture of Errenzhuan(two-people rotation)1 is an epitome of traditional Chinese culture,full of humor and wittiness.This paper aims to explore the necessity and feasibility of incorporating Errenzhuan into teaching Chinese as a foreign language as a way to spark greater student interest,increase the fun of learning and enrich teaching methods,which ultimately serves to improve the quality of Chinese teaching worldwide,spread traditional Chinese folk culture and strengthen China’s cultural confidence.

English Phonetics Problems under the Chinese Mother-tongue and Dialect Cultures and its Countermeasures

Many people do believe that the pronunciation just related to the phonetic transcription, if we can master it, then we have good pronunciation. However, during the process of language study, we can found that the phonetics is affected by many factors. The consonants problems or vowels problems or during the process of learning, their phonetics is also affected by their mother tongue and local dialect.

The Product of Language Contact： Sentence Structure in the Hezhou Chinese Dialect and the Amdo Tibetan Dialect

This paper is mainly a comparative study between the Amdo Tibetan Dialect and the Hezhou Chinese Dialect, especially in sentence structure. It is argued that Tibetan possibly influenced the Hezhou Chinese Dialect. In terms of genetic linguistics, the basis of the Hezhou Chinese Dialect is in both Tibetan and Chinese languages. However, the sentence structure of Altaic languages is typologically similar to that of the Hezhou Chinese Dialect.

Brief Exploration of Nasal Assimilation Phenomenonin Negative Prefixes-Comparison Between Chinese Dialect & English

Nasals and assimilation are basic terminologies in phonology,nasal assimilation is a kind of common phonological phenomenon in addition.As is known to all,in English,assimilation mainly happens between consonants and consonants,which is one of the important constitutes of English mutation,for the sake of labor-saving convenience and better fluency.From an applied linguistic view,nasal assimilation in negative prefixes(e.g.un-,ab-,ir-,im-&non-,etc.)is seemingly another interesting phenomenon for an innovative exploration.This paper focuses on some specific enumeration and comparison between Chinese dialect(specifically,Sichuan dialect)as well as English.This brief exploration and analysis might contribute to relative study in years to come.

Diagnostic value of traditional Chinese medical dialectical classification in hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with suspicious nodules

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of traditional Chinese medical(TCM)dialectical classification in Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with suspicious nodules.Methods:The clinical data of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with thyroid nodules in the Department of Breast and thyroid surgery of Weifang Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to December 2019 were collected.The patients were examined by 2 or more experienced TCM doctors,and the four diagnostic data were obtained,and then the relevant syndrome types of the patients were judged according to the data.According to the color Doppler ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules,the patients who met the indication of fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules were selected and underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules before operation.To analyze the clinical diagnostic value of that the ultrasonic mode used in this study and thyroid cytopathology Bethesda report system combine dialectical classification of traditional Chinese medicine in Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with suspected thyroid nodules.Result:A total of 89 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with thyroid nodules were collected.according to the ultrasonic mode,the difference between different modes was statistically significant(P<0.05).The mode of color ultrasound is also related to the dialectical classification of traditional Chinese medicine.The patients with high malignant risk score are mainly qi depression and phlegm stagnation,phlegm and blood stasis,while those with low score are exuberant liver fire and heart liver yin deficiency.According to the study of different The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology(TBSRTC)classification,the dialectical classification of patients with higher TBSRTC classification was more inclined to qi depression and phlegm stagnation,phlegm and blood stasis,and there was significant difference between different classification(P<0.05).Conclusion:Qi depression and phlegm obstruction,phlegm and blood stasis have high ultrasound malignant risk score and high TBSRTC classification grade in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with suspected thyroid nodules,which has important clinical diagnostic value.

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine nursing combined with conventional nursing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a meta-analysis

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nursing combined with conventional nursing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods: Data were collected from the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), WanFang Data(WF) and VIP Database, including literature regarding the effects of TCM nursing combined with conventional nursing in patients with COPD published before January 2017. The Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of the eligible literature. The weighted mean differences and odds ratios were used to analyze St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ) scores, pulmonary function, hospital stay, and clinical efficacy.Results: Twenty-three randomized controlled trials comprising 3116 cases(TCM nursing combined with the conventional nursing group: 1559; conventional nursing group: 1557) met the inclusion criteria. TCM nursing combined with conventional nursing was associated with a lower SGRQ score, higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1) value, higher FEV1/forced vital capacity(FVC) value, higher FEV1% value, higher FEV1 predicted value, shorter hospital stay, and preferable clinical efficacy.Conclusions: TCM nursing combined with conventional nursing emphasized that dialectical nursing can be performed preferably in patients with COPD.

Ophthalmic Syndrome Differentiation System and Digital Chinese Medicine

In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),ophthalmic syndrome differentiation is an ophthalmology-specific method for identifying syndromes based on the“Five Orbiculi”theory.It was devised by Professor Qing-Hua PENG through an unprecedented combination of syndrome element differentiation and ophthalmic clinical practices,based on the Clinical Terminology of Chinese Medical Diagnosis and Treatment-Syndromes of the National Standards of the People's Republic of China.This approach integrates an ophthalmic syndrome differentiation system with digital Chinese medicine(DCM),and proposes the extraction of syndrome elements of ophthalmic diseases from research on DCM.These elements are then quantified and organized to form a model of digital diagnosis and treatment specific to ophthalmology,which should help to achieve synergistic development of the ophthalmic syndrome differentiation system and DCM.

The Study on Language Attitudes towards the Protection of Dialects

Researchers attaching great emphasis on language attitudes in sociolinguistic all over the world hold the views that an individual’s or a community’s attitudes toward their own language or other languages will affect how they learn and use a language and lead to a language’s further development or extinction. The research will be conducted on the relationship between people’s language attitude （LA） and the protection of dialects in China, where a great variety of dialects and Standard Chinese （SC） used by the speakers from 56 minorities co-exist and implement each other.With Standard Chinese promoted for 60 years, migration led by the development of social economy after the adoption of reform and opening-up policy, urbanization further promoted since 21st century, the status of Standard Chinese is rising while that of dialects is on the decline, and to some extent regional dialects in some ethnic minorities are dying out, resulting in the disappearance of their unique cultures and cultural forms, such as operas.Based on a review of previous studies on LA, the research will be conducted with questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire will suggest speakers’ conscious, overt attitude towards SC and dialects, the frequency they use SC and dialects, the situation in which they use SC and dialects and so on. Interview conducted indicates the interviewees’ unconsciousness and covert attitudes towards SC and dialects.The questionnaire and interviews conducted, three findings are obtained. First of all, parents’ LA plays a significant part in their children’s language learning or language use, further resulting into the decreasing number of dialect users in China. The second, the promotion of SC in schools varying from kindergartens to universities facilitates the widespread use of SC and extinction of dialects in that kids start to learn and use SC from so early ages that they have fewer chances of picking up a single dialect and the kids’ using SC offers their parents more opportunities to use SC in their daily family communication. The third, different attitudes towards SC users and dialect users from a community have great impacts on what language they will choose to communicate. Although SC plays a significant role in China’s economic development and urbanization, dialects are heritage of regional cultures; therefore, with the promotion of SC, dialects must be sustained and further developed.

Progress of traditional Chinese Medicine on ADHD Treatment Based on Syndrome Differentiation

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood.Syndrome differentiation for ADHD in traditional Chinese medicine is complex without common uniform,it is important to propose unified standards.Based on the principle of syndrome differentiation,this article focused on the different names of different syndrome differentiation methods but the same essence,and summarized Chinese medicine compounds according to syndrome factors.By collecting relevant literature on ADHD treatment with Chinese herbal compound in recent years,ADHD is classified into 7 different syndrome types,and Chinese herbal compound is classified correspondingly for reference and selection of clinical treatment of ADHD.

Research Progress of Treating Diabetic Nephropathy with Traditional Chinese Medicine

By collecting and sorting out the literature and journals on the clinical use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in recent years,it is concluded that Chinese medicine is effective in the treatment of DKD.Chinese medicine therapy has a unique role in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.How to correct syndrome differentiation and treatment?Improving clinical effects is the research direction that all medical staff will work together in the future.

VOWEL DISPERSION AND VARIABILITY—DATA FROM THREE CHINESE DIALECTS

The study^1 investigates dispersion and variability of the vowels of three Chinese dialects,namely Yongding,Cantonese,and Wenling with the three-,seven-,and eleven-vowel systems,respectively.Measurements of formant frequencies were obtained through spectral analysis of speech data from ten male and ten female speakers of each dialect Results show that a larger vowel inventory correlates a more expanded acoustical vowel space for the three Chinese dialects,which supports the prediction of the vowel dispersion theory that the larger the vowel inventory is,the more expanded vowel space will be.However,the difference in vowel space is not linearly related to the difference in vowel inventory size.Furthermore,the vowel dispersion theory’s prediction that variability in vowel formant frequencies is inversely related to vowel inventory size is not supported by the vowel formant data from the three Chinese dialects.

Mechanization of Hearing in Chao Yuen Ren’s Dialect Research,1927-1936:Senses,Objectivity,and Observation

When scientific research began in early twentieth-century China,a key issue was the acquisition of reliable empirical information through objective and precise observations.This article examines a specific case where a scientist grappled with such an issue:the linguist Chao Yuen Ren’s application of mechanical means in his phonetic studies.In the 1920s–1930s,Chao conducted a series of field and lab studies on the dialects in southern and central China.In contrast to traditional scholars’exclusive reliance on sharp ears and rhyme books,Chao employed mechanical devices to inscribe and analyze the spectrographs of dialectical tones and used phonographs to record the articulations of his subjects.It is demonstrated that Chao’s machines not only provided a new method of observation;they also altered the theoretical understanding of certain fundamental categories in Chinese phonology,such as tones.Moreover,Chao did not aim to replace human perception with automatic mechanisms in empirical investigations.Rather,the use of machines in his research called for an active and engaged scientific persona.

老年初治肺结核中医证型与细胞因子及免疫表达的相关性分析

目的 观察老年初治肺结核患者血清中细胞因子及TB淋巴细胞亚群的表达水平,探究中医证型与细胞因子、TB淋巴细胞表达之间的关系。方法 纳入2016年5月至2021年12月解放军总医院第八医学中心结核医学部收治的初治老年肺结核病患者322例作为研究对象,根据辨证分型分为肺阴亏虚组78例、阴虚火旺组83例、气阴两虚组79例、阴阳两虚组82例。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-5、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10等细胞因子的表达水平,流式细胞仪测定TB淋巴细胞亚群中CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、B细胞、NK细胞的绝对数及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞比值,并将测定结果进行统计学分析。结果 四组肺结核患者IL-β、IL-5、IL-2、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。气阴两虚组IFN-γ水平显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组TNF-α水平显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组、气阴两虚组、阴虚火旺组、肺阴亏虚组的IL-6水平依次降低(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组IL-8水平显著高于其他三组,气阴两虚组高于肺阴亏虚组、阴虚火旺组(P<0.05)。CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、B细胞、NK细胞绝对数在阴阳两虚组、气阴两虚组、阴虚火旺组、肺阴亏虚组依次降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阴阳两虚组CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞比值显著高于其他三组,肺阴亏虚组、阴虚火旺组、气阴两虚组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 不同证型的老年肺结核病患者细胞因子及免疫细胞表达存在差异性,可作为中医辨证论治的客观参考标准之一,为临床辨证治疗提供一定参考。

汉语方言的“被”“把”同现句

汉语方言广泛存在被动式和处置式在同一句中共现的现象,即“被”“把”同现句。同现句可分为三类:合用型、套用型、连用型,具有调节焦点、经济简明、连贯语篇等功能。同现句萌芽于唐,发展于宋元,至明清日臻成熟并沿用至今。它的产生是多重因素共同作用的结果,其中被动式和处置式的高度和谐是前提条件,数量象似、标记象似、句式—意图象似是认知动因。此外,同现句经由概念融合生成,可看作事件融合的语言表征。

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论:辩证关系、核心要义与实践指向

把握好习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论,要正确认识和处理世界观和方法论的关系、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论与马克思主义世界观和方法论的关系、与中华优秀传统文化的关系、与习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的关系。要从不同维度深刻领悟其核心要义,即必须坚持人民至上、必须坚持自信自立、必须坚持守正创新、必须坚持问题导向、必须坚持系统观念、必须坚持胸怀天下。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论具有强烈的实践指向性,要在学好用好马克思主义哲学的基础上,在“两个结合”中不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化,为新时代新征程推进中国式现代化提供行动指南。

中国式现代化显著优势和叙事体系的辩证逻辑

以中国式现代化全面实现民族复兴强国伟业是中国共产党不懈追求的奋斗目标。中国式现代化作为宏阔的历史变迁和伟大的社会变革,在社会辩证发展中呈现出显著优势,蕴含独特的辩证价值观。中国式现代化是党带领全国各族人民在“历史”与“现实”、“共性”与“个性”、“系统”与“要素”、“破旧”与“立新”的社会变革及辩证统一中进行的伟大探索。基于历史承续、内在特质、整体推进与批判视野等维度审视,中国式现代化在辩证发展中呈现出的过程性、创新性、整体性与超越性等显著优势和叙事体系,必将极大推动中国式现代化行稳致远,不断创造无愧于时代的历史伟业。

中国式现代化道路:生成逻辑、辩证特性与推进路径

中国式现代化道路是坚持以马克思主义为指导,充分汲取人类文明优秀成果而孕育出的理论结晶,也是中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民历经“探寻—借鉴—超越”的百余年探索结出的实践果实,体现出继承性与发展性相统一、自主性与开放性相统一、借鉴性与超越性相统一、全面性与协调性相统一、人民性与人类性相统一的辩证特性。中国式现代化是在改革开放中不断推进的,也必将在改革开放中开辟广阔前景。立足以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期这一新的时代方位,继续开拓和推进中国式现代化,要在坚持和加强党的全面领导、坚持和遵循正确的原则导向、不断激发人民群众的主体活力、不断构建完善社会发展体系上下功夫。

“两个结合”视域下中国式现代化的辩证方法论

“两个结合”既是中国共产党领导人民开辟与推进中国特色社会主义的必由之路,也是推进中国式现代化、探索中华民族现代文明的必由之路。“两个结合”原则在中国式现代化建设的重要体现,就是中国共产党将中华优秀传统文化中的辩证法智慧与马克思主义的唯物辩证法相结合,构成了中国式现代化独特的辩证特质。因为这二者在方法论层面上具有互通性,所以它们才能在现代化实践中互动融合,形成中国式现代化的特有辩证思维。二者的结合体现了中国传统辩证理性与马克思主义唯物辩证法的互嵌共生,展现了传统思想资源现代转换和马克思主义中国化在实践中紧密结合的现代智慧。它既有利于凝聚社会共识、矫正公共决策偏差和把握历史主动,又有利于在实践中塑造人类文明新形态。

近三年汉语方言语法研究的动态与展望

近三年来,在国家各项政策的大力支持和汉语方言学界全体学者的共同努力下,汉语方言语法研究继续向前推进,在区域方言语法深度研究、多功能词及其语法化、参考语法、接触语言学、地理语言学、方言语法特征语料库建设等领域取得了一系列显著成果。当前汉语方言语法领域呈现出的发展动态,也为今后的研究提供了新的思路:须重视汉语方言语法的系统性及方言语法内部的比较,要加强汉语方言语法调查工具书的编纂,推进海外汉语方言语法研究的深入,促进方言语法研究与其他学科领域的结合。汉语方言语法研究任重而道远,大有可为。