The P300, an endogenous subcomponent of the event-related potential, is thought to reflect cognitive processes. The event-related potential evoked by the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm is suit...The P300, an endogenous subcomponent of the event-related potential, is thought to reflect cognitive processes. The event-related potential evoked by the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm is suitable for examining the neural processes involved in malingered neurocognitive deficits. Forty-four undergraduates were randomly assigned to a simulated malingering group and a truth-telling group, Another 22 patients with head injudes were enrolled as a control group. All participants completed the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm. The mean P300 amplitude of the simulated malingering group was significantly reduced compared with the truth-telling group （P 〈 0.01）, but was increased compared with the control group （P〈 0.01）. These results revealed that the P300, evoked by the old-new memory recognition task of the oddball paradigm, may be a helpful indicator for determining cognitive malingering.展开更多
We studied differences in imaginary coherence (IC) of the gamma band between brain regions of female schizophrenia patients during the auditory oddball task using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Subjects were 12 right-h...We studied differences in imaginary coherence (IC) of the gamma band between brain regions of female schizophrenia patients during the auditory oddball task using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Subjects were 12 right-handed female schizophrenia patients, who were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scales (PANSS). Functional connectivity during an auditory oddball task was reconstructed in low gamma (30 - 50 Hz) and high gamma (50 - 100 Hz and 100 - 150 Hz) bands, and represented by IC using seeds determined by the significant oscillatory power changes obtained by event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) power measurements. Gamma ERS (30 - 50 Hz) power was decreased in the left precuneus at 500 - 750 ms and in the right precuneus at 750 - 1000 ms. IC in the gamma band (50 - 100 Hz) was decreased between the right precuneus (seed) and right paracentral lobule (target) and between the right precuneus and right hypothalamus at 0 - 250 ms. IC in the gamma band (100 - 150 Hz) was increased between the left precuneus and right cuneus (Brodmann area 7) at 250 - 500 ms, between the left precuneus and right culmen at 500 - 750 ms, and between the left precuneus and right cuneus (Brodmann area 17), between the left precuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex, and between the left precuneus and right caudate nucleus at 750 - 1000 ms. In the high gamma band (50 - 100 Hz) at 0 - 250 ms, significant positive correlations were shown between IC and conceptual disorganization in PANSS scores, between IC and unusual thought content score, and between IC and positive scale score. IC within the high gamma band in female schizophrenia patients showed two types of functional disconnection, intrahemispheric and interhemispheric. IC between the right or left precuneus and other specific cortical areas showed dysfunction, suggesting that the parietal lobe plays an important role in dysfunction in connectivity in the gamma band during the oddball task.展开更多
Background:Behavioral inhibitory control(BIC)depicts a cognitive function of inhibiting inappropriate dominant responses to meet the context requirement.Despite abundant research into neural substrates of BIC during t...Background:Behavioral inhibitory control(BIC)depicts a cognitive function of inhibiting inappropriate dominant responses to meet the context requirement.Despite abundant research into neural substrates of BIC during the go/no-go and stop signal tasks,these tasks were consistently shown hard to isolate neural processes of response inhibition,which is of primary interest,from those of response generation.Therefore,it is necessary to explore neural substrates of BIC using the two-choice oddball(TCO)task,whose design of dual responses is thought to produce an inhibition effect free of the confounds of response generation.Objective:The current study aims at depicting neural substrates of performing behavioral inhibitory control in the two-choice oddball task,which designs dual responses to balance response generation.Also,neural substrates of performing BIC during this task are compared with those in the go/no-go task,which designs a motor response in a single condition.Methods:The present study integrated go/no-go(GNG)and TCO tasks into a new Three-Choice BIC paradigm,which consists of stan-dard(75%),deviant(12.5%),and no-go(12.5%)conditions simultaneously.Forty-eight college students participated in this experiment,which required them to respond to standard(frequent)and deviant stimuli by pressing different keys,while inhibiting motor response to no-go stimuli.Conjunction analysis and ROI(region of interest)analysis were adopted to identify the unique neural mechanisms that subserve the processes of BIC.Results:Both tasks are effective in assessing BIC function,reflected by the significantly lower accuracy of no-go compared to standard condition in GNG,and the significantly lower accuracy and longer reaction time of deviant compared to standard condition in TCO.However,there were no significant differences between deviant and no-go conditions in accuracy.Moreover,functional neuroimaging has demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)activation was observed for no-go vs.standard contrast in the GNG task,but not in deviant vs.standard contrast in the TCO task,suggesting that ACC involvement is not a necessary component of BIC.Second,ROI analysis of areas that were co-activated in TCO and GNG showed co-activations in the right inferior frontal cortex(triangle and orbital),with the signals in the TCO task significantly higher than those in the GNG task.Conclusions:These findings show that the designed responses to both standard and deviant stimuli in the TCO task,compared to the GNG task,produced a more prominent prefrontal inhibitory processing and extinguished an unnecessary component of ACC activation during BIC.This implies that prefrontal involvement,but not that of ACC,is mandatory for the successful performance of inhibiting prepotent behaviors.展开更多
文摘The P300, an endogenous subcomponent of the event-related potential, is thought to reflect cognitive processes. The event-related potential evoked by the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm is suitable for examining the neural processes involved in malingered neurocognitive deficits. Forty-four undergraduates were randomly assigned to a simulated malingering group and a truth-telling group, Another 22 patients with head injudes were enrolled as a control group. All participants completed the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm. The mean P300 amplitude of the simulated malingering group was significantly reduced compared with the truth-telling group （P 〈 0.01）, but was increased compared with the control group （P〈 0.01）. These results revealed that the P300, evoked by the old-new memory recognition task of the oddball paradigm, may be a helpful indicator for determining cognitive malingering.
文摘We studied differences in imaginary coherence (IC) of the gamma band between brain regions of female schizophrenia patients during the auditory oddball task using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Subjects were 12 right-handed female schizophrenia patients, who were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scales (PANSS). Functional connectivity during an auditory oddball task was reconstructed in low gamma (30 - 50 Hz) and high gamma (50 - 100 Hz and 100 - 150 Hz) bands, and represented by IC using seeds determined by the significant oscillatory power changes obtained by event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) power measurements. Gamma ERS (30 - 50 Hz) power was decreased in the left precuneus at 500 - 750 ms and in the right precuneus at 750 - 1000 ms. IC in the gamma band (50 - 100 Hz) was decreased between the right precuneus (seed) and right paracentral lobule (target) and between the right precuneus and right hypothalamus at 0 - 250 ms. IC in the gamma band (100 - 150 Hz) was increased between the left precuneus and right cuneus (Brodmann area 7) at 250 - 500 ms, between the left precuneus and right culmen at 500 - 750 ms, and between the left precuneus and right cuneus (Brodmann area 17), between the left precuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex, and between the left precuneus and right caudate nucleus at 750 - 1000 ms. In the high gamma band (50 - 100 Hz) at 0 - 250 ms, significant positive correlations were shown between IC and conceptual disorganization in PANSS scores, between IC and unusual thought content score, and between IC and positive scale score. IC within the high gamma band in female schizophrenia patients showed two types of functional disconnection, intrahemispheric and interhemispheric. IC between the right or left precuneus and other specific cortical areas showed dysfunction, suggesting that the parietal lobe plays an important role in dysfunction in connectivity in the gamma band during the oddball task.
基金supported by the national natural science foundation of China (NSFC31971018)Sichuan distinguished young scholar fund (2023NSFSC1938).
文摘Background:Behavioral inhibitory control(BIC)depicts a cognitive function of inhibiting inappropriate dominant responses to meet the context requirement.Despite abundant research into neural substrates of BIC during the go/no-go and stop signal tasks,these tasks were consistently shown hard to isolate neural processes of response inhibition,which is of primary interest,from those of response generation.Therefore,it is necessary to explore neural substrates of BIC using the two-choice oddball(TCO)task,whose design of dual responses is thought to produce an inhibition effect free of the confounds of response generation.Objective:The current study aims at depicting neural substrates of performing behavioral inhibitory control in the two-choice oddball task,which designs dual responses to balance response generation.Also,neural substrates of performing BIC during this task are compared with those in the go/no-go task,which designs a motor response in a single condition.Methods:The present study integrated go/no-go(GNG)and TCO tasks into a new Three-Choice BIC paradigm,which consists of stan-dard(75%),deviant(12.5%),and no-go(12.5%)conditions simultaneously.Forty-eight college students participated in this experiment,which required them to respond to standard(frequent)and deviant stimuli by pressing different keys,while inhibiting motor response to no-go stimuli.Conjunction analysis and ROI(region of interest)analysis were adopted to identify the unique neural mechanisms that subserve the processes of BIC.Results:Both tasks are effective in assessing BIC function,reflected by the significantly lower accuracy of no-go compared to standard condition in GNG,and the significantly lower accuracy and longer reaction time of deviant compared to standard condition in TCO.However,there were no significant differences between deviant and no-go conditions in accuracy.Moreover,functional neuroimaging has demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)activation was observed for no-go vs.standard contrast in the GNG task,but not in deviant vs.standard contrast in the TCO task,suggesting that ACC involvement is not a necessary component of BIC.Second,ROI analysis of areas that were co-activated in TCO and GNG showed co-activations in the right inferior frontal cortex(triangle and orbital),with the signals in the TCO task significantly higher than those in the GNG task.Conclusions:These findings show that the designed responses to both standard and deviant stimuli in the TCO task,compared to the GNG task,produced a more prominent prefrontal inhibitory processing and extinguished an unnecessary component of ACC activation during BIC.This implies that prefrontal involvement,but not that of ACC,is mandatory for the successful performance of inhibiting prepotent behaviors.
基金supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770725,31070916,31300856)National Science&Technology Pillar Program of China(2009BAI77B03)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-EW-J-8)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20130182120013)~~
