The Historical Position and Value Dimensions of Human Rights Civilization

Human beings are the mainstay and the ultimate goal of civilization.The history of human civilization is a continuous struggle to realize the respect,liberation,protection,and development of humanity.Human rights are an achievement of humanity and a symbol of progress,and the human rights civilization is an important component of human civilization.Understanding and interpreting human rights from the perspective of human rights civilization means that human rights are not only a concept or an idea but also a grand historical and long-term social practice.Up to now,the development of human rights civilization has roughly experienced four awakening eras:initialization,revolution,popularization,and globalization.In terms of its value dimensions,it has the characteristics of progressiveness,diversity,commonality,inclusiveness,indivisibility,openness,and so on.The historical position of human rights civilization and the development of its value dimensions have shown to the world that human rights are the common wealth of humanity,and human rights belong to all mankind;human rights are historical,concrete,and developmental;the concept of human rights is constantly evolving,and its connotations and categories are constantly expanding;achieving the free and well-rounded development of every person is the highest value realm of human rights civilization.The Chinese modernization endows Chinese civilization with modern strength and opens up new horizons for human rights civilization.The new pattern of human rights civilization to be created by Chinese modernization not only possesses the common characteristics of human rights civilization but also enjoys Chinese characteristics based on its own national conditions,enriching and developing the diversity of human rights civilization for all mankind.

Generalizable items of quantitative and qualitative cornerstones for personnel requirement of physicians in anesthesia

Anesthesiologists perform a broad spectrum of tasks. However, in many countries, there is no legal basis for personnel staffing of physicians in anesthesia. Also, the German diagnosis related groups system for refunding does not deliver such a basis. Thus, in 2006 a new calculation base for the personnel requirement that included an Excel calculation sheet was introduced by the German Board of Anesthesiologists(BDA) and the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine(DGAI), and updated in 2009 and 2015. Oriented primarily to organizational needs, in 2015, BDA/DGAI defined quantitative and qualitative cornerstones for personnel requirement of physicians in anesthesia, especially reflecting recent laws governing physician's working conditions and competence in the field of anesthesia, as well as demands of strengthened legal rights of patients, patient care and safety. We present a workload-oriented model, integrating core working hours, shift work or standby duty, quality of care, efficiency of processes, legal, educational, controlling, local, organizational and economic aspects for calculating personnel demands. Auxiliary tables enable physicians to calculate personnel demands due to differing employee workload, non-patient oriented tasks and reimbursement of full-equivalents due to parental leave, prohibition of employment, or longterm illness. After 10 years of experience with the first calculation tool, we report the generalizable key aspects and items of a necessary calculation tool which may help physicians to justify realistic workload-oriented personnel staffing demands in anesthesia. A modular, flexiblenature of a calculation tool should allow adaption to the respective legal and organizational demands of different countries.

Crop water requirements of major crops indryland of northern China

The concept of crop water requirements is discussed, based on which the calculation modelof crop water requirements is established. In light with crop, soil and meteorological data. the cropwater requirements of major crops in sub-humid and send-arid dryland farming areas of northernChina. including wheat maize , cotton. millet, soybean, sweet potato and potato, are calculated, andthe patterns of crop water requirements of these crops are revealed and discussed in this paper.

Economic Reform and Changes in Regional Development Patterns of China

<Abstract>The thesis profiles and explains the significant changes that have taken place in China's regional development patterns since the inception of its economic reform and opening three decades ago.The analysis show that prior to the reform China's spatial development pattern was characterized by the dominance of the three municipalities and the Northeast,as well as by both the coast-interior and the north-south disparities.After three decades of reform,regional development has become multi-centered with South China,the Yangtze Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin area being the three most important regions of the country.The coastal provinces as a whole rose to prominence on China's economic map while the Northeast has diminished its clout.The coast-interior gap not only remains but may have widened. And especially in the latest ten years,the economic map continue changing,some provinces rose up quickly,while some declined rapidly.The paper discusses main specific factors that have reshaped China's spatial development patterns.

The New Contribution to the Important Discourse on Human Rights by General Secretary xi Jinping

Under the background of the fact that human rights protection has become an important part of the socialist construction with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and with the international background of the strengthened trend of mainstreaming of human rights, Xi Jinping’s series of speeches and the 19 th CPC national Congress reports comprehensively explained the construction of human rights in China and the development of the international human rights. The important discourse on human rights by General Secretary Xi Jinping is people-centered: people’s yearning for a better life is our goal and reveals the source of human rights. Chinese dream is a dream of the country, of the nation, and of everyone in China. The close integration of individual and collective human rights points out that the state and people are important parts of collective human rights and it is an effective response to the "human rights over sovereignty" of Western countries. That there are not the best human rights, but the better ones; fighting for human rights is not always done, but always doing scientifically reveals the operational form of human rights. The right of survival and development is the primary human right; to attach importance to the right of peace conforms to the reality of our country and it has the support of the vast number of developing countries. Building a community with a shared future for human beings is a new vision for the development of the international human rights. only when the perfection and implementation of Constitution and law are paid attention to, and the democratization and legalization of the international human rights cause are promoted, can the guarantee be provided for the realization of human rights. The important discourse on human rights by General Secretary Xi Jinping is guided by Marxism, carries the communist party member’s original intention of serving people and is deeply rooted in the masses of the people. It inherits the theory of "benevolence" and "harmony" in Chinese culture,stands at the height of history and times, and points out the direction for the all-round development of Chinese people and the overall progress of society, and for the liberation of all mankind. This scientific theory is successfully guiding China’s human rights construction constantly towards new achievements and has had a profound and extensive impact on the international human rights cause.

Capacity of Dual-Right-Turn Lanes at Signalized Intersections under Mixed Traffic Conditions

To explore the potential capacity of dual-fight-turn lanes at signalized intersections under mixed traffic conditions, we defined two conflict zones between right turn vehicles and through bicycle corresponding to different right turn flows from dual-right-turn lanes. Relationships between the arrival rate of bicycle group at each conflict zone and the saturation flow rate of right turn movement were investigated. A model based on gap acceptance theory was adopted to estimate the capacity of dual-right-turn lanes under mixed traffic conditions. An analysis was carried out using the collected data from three four-leg signalized intersections in Beijing, China, where the dual-right-turn lanes were used. In addition, we also discussed the patterns of bicycle lane in the urban area of Beijing, and classified it based on its characteristics in use. It is concluded that the two lanes of dual-fight-turn lanes produce different capacities under mixed traffic conditions, and the analysis on scenarios of dual-right-turn movement traversing bicycle traffic plays a key role in explaining the different capacity performance of the two right turn lanes. Error analysis of the model indicated that the model was rational.

Design Pattern Representation for Safety-Critical Embedded Systems

Design Patterns, which give abstract solutions to commonly recurring design problems, have been widely used in the software and hardware domain. As non-functional requirements are an important aspect in the design of safety-critical embedded systems, this work focuses on the integration of non-functional implications in an existing design pattern concept. We propose a pattern representation for safety-critical embedded application design methods by including fields for the implications and side effects of the represented design pattern on the non-functional requirements of the overall systems. The considered requirements include safety, reliability, modifiability, cost, and execution time.

Planning of Cost Effective Water Harvesting in a Sub Basin of the Subarnarekha River in the State of West Bengal, India

Development and judicious management of available water resources play a key role for economic upliftment of any region. The agricultural pattern and social and demographic status in the upper basin of the Dulung Nala Stream （a tributary of the Subarnarekha River） in the western part of the State of West Bengal, India, reveals growing demand of water in the basin. The paper reports different management plans involving different types of water harvesting structures （and associated different types of water distribution systems） and different crop combinations and with benefit/cost ratios varying from 1.3 to 11.2 for the basin. The study points out that the judicious choice of both the water harvesting structure as well as the water distribution system is important. Proper planning of crop pattern is also to be emphasized for reaping maximum benefit. It further emphasizes that cost- benefit ratio cannot solely govern the choice of structure and that maximum utilization of catchmental water and thus enhancement of agricultural output （and also economic return from the catchment） i.e. quantum of benefit is also important. The water harvesting structures proposed in this study can be implemented in other semi-arid regions of India having almost the same climatic and socio-economic conditions.

代建工程项目管理冲突及化解对策研究——以高校实验楼代建项目为例

长期以来代建制在实验楼等复杂个性项目上施行时,存在“冲突频发并需政府干预”的突出问题,代建制要求和现有流程之间的矛盾,使得项目建设中的工作冲突容易演变为利益冲突,妨碍了代建项目有效推进。文章在解析管理冲突及其原因的基础上,尝试对相关工作流程进行合理修正,从而摆脱“冲突解决依赖政府干预”的境况,以期为代建制的深入推广提供参考。

“两山”理念与集体林权制度改革新格局构建

在阐述“两山”理念的本质与重要体现的基础上,理解其推动指导集体林权制度改革的现实意义,分析了集体林权制度改革的成效和问题,以及集体林权制度改革新格局构建的系统思维,“创新引领、科学先行”和“尊重农民意愿、保护农民权益”的原则,从为推进乡村振兴赋能助力、为推进共同富裕筑好平台以及为推进生态文明建设再立新功3个维度探讨了集体林权制度改革新格局构建的路径。

数据资产研究进展及未来展望

[研究目的]数据资产作为新型生产要素,在数字经济时代具有重要价值,深入探究数据资产当前研究现状和研究短板,有利于进一步开发其学术价值,为数据资产研究的深入发展提供借鉴和指导。[研究方法]采用文献综述法从数据资产定义与分类、价值计量、管理与运营、如何“入表”等关键问题对国内现有研究进行了全面梳理和深入分析,在此基础上提出了数据资产研究存在的不足和未来展望。[研究结论]现有数据资产研究虽在多个方面取得了进展,但仍在数据资产的价值计量、产权制度研究、跨学科融合、信息列报等方面存在诸多研究短板,未来研究可进一步从数据资产定价与生成机制、数据资产价值综合计量模型开发、数据资产产权立法等方面展开,还可全面深化对数据资产的持续管理与优化、数据资产安全维护、数据资产合规列报等方面的研究,为促进数据资产的有效管理、利用和进一步推动数字经济的发展提供依据。

民事诉权的希尔伯特问题

诉权是民事诉讼法学的首要希尔伯特问题。面对边缘化风险,民事诉权亟需证成自身的有用性。新中国成立以来,民事诉权先后肩负民事诉讼体制的社会主义转型、依法独立公正行使审判权、立案登记制改革以及“切实实施民法典”的历史使命与时代精神。二元诉权论虽然是我国长期坚守的通说,但并未对诉权规范及其实践提供清晰的概念指引,法律文本中的诉权规范可能分别指向起诉行为、起诉权、胜诉权、案件受理等意涵。学说史的发展和迭代表明,诉权保障并不必然伴随立案登记制。立案登记制改革亟待与诉权模式转型形成联动。二元诉权论与具体公法诉权论存在亲缘关系。囿于诉之可能性等关键概念缺失以及“案多人少”的现实挑战,二元诉权论同样面临“起诉难”这一私法诉权说的实践弊病。“诉讼爆炸”“无理缠诉”并非诉权模式转型的当然结果。随着民事诉权希尔伯特问题的有效解决,立案登记制改革终将走出“历史的三峡”,实现民事诉权保障与规制的衡平与共赢。

不同灌溉方式下无花果需水规律及作物需水量预报

探究不同灌溉方式下无花果需水规律及作物需水量的预报对无花果生产具有重要的研究和指导意义。根据广东省水利重点科研基地2022年5月至2023年12月的无花果种植数据,分析不同灌水方式下无花果需水规律,推求作物系数曲线,结合Hargreaves-Samani模型和单作物系数法,基于公共天气预报进行无花果需水量预报。结果表明:不同灌水方式中沟灌的需水量最大,2023年日均需水量为2.44mm/d,其次是喷灌和地面滴灌,日均需水量分别为2.23mm/d和2.04mm/d,地下滴灌需水量最小,为1.92mm/d,5-9月为无花果需水旺盛期。采用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的单作物系数法推求出试验站无花果Kc作物系数曲线,作物系数地下滴灌<地面滴灌<喷灌<沟灌。气温预报精度较高,最低气温的预报精度优于最高气温的预报精度。经过率定的Hargreaves-Samani模型具有良好的ET0预报精度,相关系数平均值可达0.86。4种灌溉方式无花果作物需水量预报精度低于ET0预报,相关系数范围为0.68~0.74。无花果作物需水量预报模型可以提供未来两周内的无花果需水量,为灌溉决策者提供信息,有利于农民提前安排水资源的分配。

苏尼特右旗1990-2019年景观格局变化研究

随着气候变化及人类活动,原本脆弱的荒漠草原迎来更大的荒漠化风险,其景观格局演变受到众多学者关注。选取1990-2019年Landsat影像数据为信息源,采用景观指数研究方法和GIS空间分析、格网技术手段,研究苏尼特右旗景观格局时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)研究区以草地为主题景观,其中天然草地景观为优势景观类型。1990-2005年主要是天然草地景观与沙地景观、盐碱地景观相互转化;2005-2019年天然草地景观大范围转出为封育草地景观。(2)1990-2019年景观破碎度增大,基质景观所占比例不断减少,斑块形状趋于复杂,丰富度增加,异质性增强,聚集连片度下降。(3)研究区中北部浑善达克沙地分布带1990-2005年沙化严重,破碎程度加大。干燥剥蚀层状高平原2005-2019年受人类活动影响大,基质景观优势度下降,景观破碎程度增高,空间异质性增强。南部低山丘陵区除东南部耕地景观不断被分割,整体景观保持完整连续。研究结果可为苏尼特右旗的资源环境保护、利用与管理提供科学、合理的参考依据。

微纳遥感网对地观测需求筹划与分析方法

微纳遥感网由大量微纳卫星组成,具备高时空覆盖度的对地观测能力,但需求冲突消解的难度亦急剧增加。针对此问题,分析了微纳遥感网对地观测工作模式和约束条件,面向大面积区域目标,提出了一种周期驱动的微纳遥感网对地观测需求筹划方法,并基于真实卫星轨道数据,以四川省为应用实例对筹划结果覆盖性能进行仿真分析。该方法简化了对地观测工作模式,能够实现区域目标的多次重复观测,为微纳遥感网对地观测质量提升奠定数据基础。

新发展格局下土地发展权配置的需求逻辑与实现路径

土地发展权配置兼顾政治秩序、经济效率、社会公平、生态效益与文化价值,是在土地开发、利用和保护过程中,平衡公共利益与私人权益的一种政府调控和市场优化的混合型政策工具。土地发展权配置与新发展格局具有价值目标趋同、制度内容耦合、推进手段相似等内在关联特征。在新发展格局下,土地发展权配置呈现多重需求逻辑,包括“权益+机会+规则”的公平逻辑、“空间+结构+规模”的效率逻辑、“经济+政治+社会”的秩序逻辑和“生态+文化”的可持续逻辑。在新时期,为有效运用土地发展权政策工具,助力新发展格局构建,需要优化以权利立法、规划导向为核心的顶层设计,细化土地发展权配置原则、转移范围和二维尺度的操作细则,强化收益分配、财政金融、技术支撑、监管奖惩等配套机制,以全面激发城乡区域经济循环发展动力,推进国家土地治理体系和治理能力现代化建设。

爪型符号模式矩阵要求代数正的相关研究

基于爪形符号模式矩阵的结构特点,研究了爪型符号模式矩阵是否要求代数正.利用图论和组合矩阵论的知识,证明了爪型符号模式矩阵要求代数正的必要条件.同时,分别给出了阶数小于5的爪型符号模式矩阵要求代数正的等价条件.研究结论丰富了组合矩阵理论,为符号模式矩阵允许代数正和要求代数正的研究提供了方法和思路.

1990—2020年黄河源区林地面积与生态需水量的时空变化

【目的】探讨1990—2020年黄河源区林地面积与林地生态需水量的时空变化规律,为黄河源区林地生态需水量的合理调配提供依据。【方法】基于黄河源区1990—2020年的遥感影像数据和野外实测资料,通过目视解译确定黄河源区土地利用类型,通过计算得到林地面积和林地生态需水量数据;采用ArcGIS 10.8绘制林地面积与生态需水量的时空分布图,分别运用Canoco 5.0和SPSS 27作冗余分析和主成分分析。【结果】黄河源区1990—2020年的林地面积变化不大,林地主要分布于黄河源区中东部,以灌木林地为主;林地生态需水量的变化较小,总体上生态需水量表现为西多东少、北多南少。不同类型林地的生态需水量大小表现为灌木林地>有林地>疏林地>其他林地;影响源区生态需水量的最主要指标是斑块周长-面积比(mean perimeter-area ratio,PARA_MN),其次是斑块连通度指数(patch cohesion index,COHESION)。影响黄河源区生态需水量的主要因素为人口数量、经济水平、产业发展结构,自然环境因素的驱动力弱于社会环境因素。【结论】黄河源区1990—2020年林地面积呈小幅下降趋势,林地生态需水量变化不大;黄河源区景观水平多样性较低;黄河源区受人类活动的影响较大。

巴林右旗博物馆藏清代团龙海水江涯纹袍纹饰考述

龙纹袍有着悠久的演变历史,时至清代,其样式、种类变化纷繁。巴林右旗博物馆所藏清代蓝缎绣团龙海水江涯纹袍所用纹饰、规格别具一格,在现存同时期袍服品中较为罕见。文章结合文献资料,从质地、纹饰、形制对该袍历史进行了初步考证,并兼及阐述了相关历史。

市场转向与专业化分工——以中国出口导向型制造企业为例

自2008年金融危机以来,中国出口导向型制造企业出现了以出口为主转向出口和内销并重的趋势,尤其在双循环新发展格局背景下,这一趋势更加明显。然而现有文献很少关注企业市场转向后的行为。本文基于企业分工的视角,以2009~2022年中国出口导向型制造企业为样本,实证研究了市场转向驱动企业专业化发展的内在机理和边界条件。研究发现:市场转向显著提升了中国出口导向型制造企业专业化分工水平,并且该结论在考虑内生性问题及一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立;机制分析表明,市场转向对企业专业化分工的促进作用主要通过降低企业面临的外部交易成本来实现;市场转向对企业专业化分工的影响具有明显的异质性,在国有企业、规模较大企业中促进效果更加明显;市场转向通过促进企业专业化分工提高了出口导向型制造企业全要素生产率和创新质量。本文研究结论对于双循环先发展格局政策制定具有重要的借鉴意义。