Plight and Countermeasures of Petty Credit Loan in Rural Financial Institutions in the Context of Rural Revitalization Strategy

The implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy will surely release a huge financial demand in rural areas.How to use the petty credit loan in rural financial institutions to develop rural economy is an effective way to implement the rural revitalization strategy.This paper first analyzes the significance of petty credit loan in rural financial institutions for rural revitalization strategy,then introduces the remarkable contribution of petty credit loan in China's rural financial institutions to actively solving the problems of farmers about difficult financing and expensive financing and elaborates on the main problems of petty credit loan business in rural financial institutions that still exist in the process of supporting rural revitalization,and finally gives several suggestions on solving the problems about the financing of farmers and the development of petty credit loan business in rural financial institutions.

Challenges of the Performance Standards of the International Finance Corporation in Financing the African Integrated High-Speed Railway Network and the Way Forward: The Case of Standard Gauge Railway in Tanzania

Financing of the African Integrated High-Speed Railway Network (AIHSRN) through Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) Projects is very expensive. As a result, most of the African countries seek financial supports from the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). However, conditions provided by the IFIs through the Performance Standards (PS) of the International Financial Corporation (IFC) increase cost of the projects and thus, it becomes a burden to most of the African countries. This study aimed to explore the causes of IFC-PS through the SGR Projects that escalate costs and how to address them. The Tanzania SGR Lot 1 Project that covered 205 km from Dar es Salaam to Morogoro was selected as a case study. The methods used for data collection involved literature review, focus group discussions and interviews. The results and findings show a gap between the IFC-PS and the National Laws and Regulations that escalates costs of the projects if funds from the IFIs were to be secured. To bridge the gap, it is recommended that the African countries should engage into negotiations with the IFIs to agree to waive IFC-PS conditions that escalate costs provided they are adequately covered in the national laws and regulations;engagement of locally established national and regional financial institutions;and the responsible government institutions in the African countries should sit together for assessment and review of the IFC-PS against the national laws and regulations.

The Value Orientation of the Legal System Innovation in Rural Financial Organizations in China

The process of new-type urbanization in China has changed the rural financial demand pattern,for which the peasant household is the subject,and caused its financial demand to change and increase at the same time. As the subject of the rural financial supply, rural financial organizations have to accelerate their institutional innovation and innovation of financial products and services,only through which can they break the financial bottleneck in the process of urbanization. Legislation is the only route for the rural financial organizational system construction and perfection in China. The formation of legal system of rural financial organizations is influenced by factors such as politics,economy and system,as well as the real demand of the rural financial subject,so the value orientation takes on a paradoxical movement of coexistence,competition and integration,which is in great need of more value consensus through system practice and enhancement of management concept for rural financial organizations.

Evaluation and Optimization Approaches of Rural Financial Ecological Environment in Hubei Province

Agriculture is the foundation of national economy,and the quality of rural financial ecological environment determines the level of rural economic development. At the same time of making outstanding achievements in rural financial reform,there are still many problems in rural financial ecological environment. Taking Hubei Province as an example,this paper summarized existing problems from current situations of rural financial ecological environment,and finally came up with pertinent recommendations.

Socio-Environmental Responsibility Policy in Financial Institutions

This research intents to analyze the influence of Socio-Environmental Responsibility Policy of Brazilian’s Central Bank on financial institutions economic performance listed at the Brazilian stock exchange.The data was collected from diversified sources(websites,explanatory notes,reference form and Economatica®data base)from 2012 up to 2017.As sample,22 financial institutions were considered for data collection and analysis.The results showed that the growth in shareholder’s equity and contingent liabilities have significant differences from the adoption of the Socio-Environmental Responsibility Policy.Considering six items of corporate governance and six items of risk management,no investigated institution presented all these mechanisms requested by Brazilian’s Central Bank.Brazilian’s financial institutions recognized a greater volume of liabilities and expenses after the implementation of such policy,which reduced their net equity.This research shed some lights in socio-environmental policies regarding corporate governance and risk management mechanisms.Objective:to analyze whether the adoption of a socio-environmental responsibility policy influences the performance indicators and the corporate governance and risk management framework of financial institutions listed on the Brazilian stock exchange.Method:Data were collected from the period 2012 to 2017,referring to 22 Brazilian financial institutions,which provided information to operationalize the variables.Results:the results showed that,from the performance indicators investigated,the growth in shareholders'equity and contingent liabilities presented significant differences as of the adoption of the socio-environmental responsibility policy.Twelve items were analyzed,six of which were corporate governance and six of risk management,noting that no investigated institution presented all the mechanisms provided by the Central Bank of Brazil.Contributions:the evidence suggests that Brazilian financial institutions began to recognize a greater volume of liabilities and expenses after the obligation to implement the socio-environmental responsibility policy,reducing their net equity.These results may be due to the improvement of the corporate governance structure and the adequacy of the risk management process.

乡村振兴视角下全面推进农信机构为农服务能力研究

农村信用合作社系统金融机构作为我国数量最多、覆盖范围最广的金融机构,长期深耕“三农”业务,在全面推进乡村振兴战略的背景下,更需要提升其为农服务能力,尤其是为农户、各类新型农业经营主体和农村集体经济组织提供特色化差异化的金融服务、满足这些需求主体多样化金融需求的能力。本文首先梳理了农村信用合作社系统金融机构为农服务能力的概念和内涵,分析了其内部影响因素和外部影响因素。总体上看,农村信用合作社系统金融机构为农服务能力受到稳健经营能力、可持续经营能力、产品和服务创新能力等内部因素以及同业竞争、宏观经济因素、政策因素、社会信用环境、金融基础设施等外部因素的影响。在分析农村信用合作社系统金融机构为农服务能力总体发展现状的基础上,笔者发现,尽管当前其为农服务能力有了较大提升,但仍存在治理结构不完善、为农服务企业文化流于表面、贷款不良率偏高、盈利能力和金融科技运用水平较低等内部问题,同时还面临同业竞争压力较大、政策和数字金融服务基础设施不完善等外部问题,从而削弱其为农服务能力。因此,未来需要从完善外部政策和保障体系、完善内部治理机制两大方面提高农村信用合作社系统金融机构为农服务能力。

农村集体经济组织财务公开制度化建设

为进一步加强对农村社会的管理,使农村集体经济组织财务更加公开化,实现民主化的管理与监督,需加强对农村集体经济组织财务公开制度化的建设。通过相关调查发现,很多乡村都能在规定的时间里向村民公开相关的财务内容,自觉接受来自人民群众的监督。但这种方式还存在执行力不足的问题,财务人员的能力不够专业,很多的工作流程不够规范。究其原因主要是当下农村集体经济组织财务公开制度化建设还不够强。应对农村集体经济组织财务公开,进行制度化建设。

基于SVM模型的农村金融机构农户信用风险评价体系研究——以黑龙江省为例

目前,对农户信贷风险的评估方法很多,但大多采用专家主观判断法、统计判别分析法,主观性强,受样本数量限制。随着引入人工智能技术,出现了遗传算法、神经网络模型、支持向量机、随机森林等方法。在诸方法中,SVM是一种适用于少量样本的学习方法,可用于处理线性和非线性分类问题,尤其适用于农户信贷信息获取少而难的评估。文章运用农户信贷理论,以黑龙江省某农商行为主要研究对象,分析了农户贷款信用风险管理和评价体系现状,运用SVM模型和主成分分析构建了农户信用风险评价指标体系,并运用某农商行的数据进行了实证分析研究。得出结论:SVM模型在所有数据集上表现最好,其提取规则的准确性超越了传统的分类方法,可用作特征选择法的基础来确定违约风险重要的特征。

中国微型金融机构的制度演进、发展状况与动态趋势

基于对中国微型金融的历史回溯与概念重构,构建服务覆盖广度(地理渗透性)、金融服务深度、运营可持续性多维观测指标,科学研判2008—2018年间新型农村金融机构与小额贷款公司发展状况与动态趋势,进而探究微型金融发展的区域差异特征与现实障碍。研究发现:其间,微型金融机构的普惠性功能完善情况较好,不同区域金融包容性明显提升,但其自身运营可持续性延续下行趋势;新型农村金融机构经营发展的稳定性整体优于小额贷款公司。当前,亟需完善微型金融相关政策支持与法律法规体系,因地制宜推动金融业务多元化发展,强化风险预警与处置手段,加强信息披露,建立评级机制,夯实微型金融机构可持续发展基础。

我国村镇银行研究热点及发展趋势分析

为系统分析我国村镇银行研究概况和关键词演变,该文结合Excel和Scimago Graphica,利用CiteSpace V对CSSCI数据库中村镇银行相关文献进行内容分析和计量分析。结果表明,我国村镇银行年发文量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,存在多学科交叉、跨地区和研究机构合作研究,但未形成核心合作研究群;村镇银行研究总体可归纳为村镇银行、市场定位、金融服务、风险应对4个方面,关键词演变具有强政策引导性。未来要基于现有研究成果和结构性重组工作进行多学科融合探索,增加基于国内外宏观经济政策的视角和底层运营制度设计和监管的研究,加强学者和研究结构之间的合作,稳妥化解村镇银行面临的金融风险。

“一带一路”沿线国家金融生态环境与中国OFDI企业“走下去”——基于资源基础观和制度基础观相结合的视角

资金融通是“一带一路”倡议的重要支撑,也是决定企业国际化经营的关键。“一带一路”沿线大多数国家金融外部环境的不确定性可能导致中国已经“走出去”的企业面临能否“走下去”的困境。本文创新性的基于“制度基础观‑资源基础观”视角,构建金融生态环境评估体系,从微观层面深入分析东道国金融生态环境对中国对外直接投资(OFDI)企业经营绩效影响的机理,重点关注金融生态环境对企业内部融资约束的调节作用。以2013—2017年204家上市企业在30个沿线国家的投资为样本的实证检验发现,东道国良好的金融生态环境有助于提升企业的生存能力,并缓解企业内部融资约束。跨国并购和国有企业短期内“风险偏好”的特征得以证实。

机构投资者持股、企业创新策略与财务绩效--来自中国创业板的经验证据

渐进性创新能显著提高企业短期财务绩效,但难以长期提升企业财务绩效,因为这类创新容易被模仿或被竞争者超越。突破性创新能显著提高企业当期和后期财务绩效。稳定型机构投资者能较好地提升企业短期和长期财务绩效,且能较好地促进企业突破性创新,并与短期和长期财务绩效呈正向关系,这表明作为长线的稳定型机构投资者,更关注突破性创新对企业财务绩效的促进作用。

企业社会责任、融资约束与财务绩效

近些年来,中国积极倡导企业承担社会责任,企业社会责任(简称CSR)履行情况成为社会各界关注的焦点。以中国创业板上市公司为研究对象,运用2010—2020年的数据检验企业社会责任与财务绩效之间的非线性关系以及融资约束的中介效应,并进一步探索这种关系在内部控制、机构投资者持股影响下的变化情况。结果表明:(1)CSR与财务绩效之间呈现倒U型关系;(2)融资约束在CSR与财务绩效的关系中起到部分中介作用;(3)内部控制和机构投资者持股都减弱了CSR与财务绩效之间的关系,使得倒U型曲线更加平坦。建议企业要谨慎把握CSR的投资度,寻找最佳投入量,提高企业财务绩效;深入理解CSR对融资约束的缓解机制,避免CSR过度投资可能带来的负面效应;企业还应优化公司治理机制,提升内部控制质量,增加机构投资者的持股比例,以降低CSR对财务绩效的负面影响。研究结论丰富了CSR与财务绩效关系的相关研究,有助于为管理者履行社会责任和开展公司治理活动提供经验证据,从而推动企业实现可持续发展和绩效提升的目标。

乡村资源匮乏下入乡创业绩效的形成机制——基于扎根理论的案例研究

入乡创业是充盈乡村“资源池”,丰富产业业态,实现产业兴旺的重要抓手。但在特殊的乡村环境下,创业资源匮乏与社会关系壁垒使入乡创业面临着诸多不确定性。本文基于扎根理论的单案例研究,深入分析乡村资源匮乏情境下入乡创业绩效的形成机制,以及正式制度环境与非正式制度环境的调节作用。研究发现:入乡创业者通过整合资金、信息与经验等创业资源,调整优化企业产品定位、生产经营模式和关键技术采用等战略选择,最终对创业绩效产生影响。在此过程中,以政策支持为表征的正式制度环境和以价值观念为表征的非正式制度环境通过“增减”机制发挥调节作用,即提升企业声誉,减少资源搜寻与投入成本,帮助企业控本增效。

农村中小金融机构发展对城乡收入差距的影响效应研究

缩小城乡收入差距,实现城乡融合发展的关键在于实现农业农村优先发展。在坚持“金融机构的属性特征和数量分布对资金规模和供给流向具有重要影响”的基础上,文章基于2008—2021年中国省级面板数据实证检验农村中小金融机构发展对城乡收入差距的影响。结果发现,不同于以往大多数关于农村金融发展扩大城乡收入差距的结论,以农村每万人拥有的中小银行网点数衡量的农村中小金融机构发展显著缩小城乡收入差距。该作用在经过一系列内生性及稳健性检验后依然成立。对该作用的机制分析和检验表明,农村中小金融机构通过增加第一产业增加值、提高农业生产率和促进农村中小企业发展三个渠道对城乡收入差距起到缩小作用。这一研究发现深化了金融发展理论,为金融市场体制改革提供了一定理论依据,有利于从全新的角度理解城乡收入差距的影响因素,对经济高质量发展和收入分配状况的改善亦具有重要参考价值。

农村金融机构、乡村振兴产业、地方政府三方博弈分析

乡村振兴的核心是发展乡村振兴产业,而乡村振兴产业的发展离不开农村金融机构的支持。基于博弈论的视角探讨了农村金融机构、乡村振兴产业和地方政府在落实国家乡村振兴战略中的策略选择,通过对博弈模型纳什均衡解的分析,提出各参与方在乡村振兴战略落实过程中应采取的策略:乡村寻找合适的产业,农村金融机构提升服务乡村振兴的能力和水平,地方政府前期做好引导,后期做好监管。

财会监督视角下行政事业单位财务治理效能提升对策探讨

本文分析了行政事业单位财会监督的重要基础作用,探讨了财会监督视角下行政事业单位财务治理存在的短板,在此基础上提出了财务治理效能的提升对策,以期深入推进业财融合,不断提升单位财会业务质量,维护健康财经秩序,提高财政资金使用绩效。

事业单位财政资金绩效管理策略创新研究

在事业单位的综合管理实践中,财政资金绩效管理是比较重要的内容。有效优化财政资金管理工作,能够提升资金使用效率,促进财政资金优化利用。文章从事业单位财政资金绩效管理问题入手,重点针对改革财政资金绩效管理的对策进行了系统地探索和分析,结合新时代绩效管理的思想和理念提出了创新绩效管理的看法,希望能为事业单位高效开展财政资金绩效管理工作奠定基础。