Central neuromechanisms underlying control of intragastric pressure through acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) in rats: the upper cervical cord is the key link between the ascending and descending pathways

Sensory inputs stimulated by Zusanli（ST36） acupuncture in the abdomen are known to converge in the upper cervical cord. However, it is unclear whether these inputs are subsequently conveyed to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and what kind of afferent fibers are involved. We focused on the upper cervical cord, where afferent inputs converge, and detected c-fos expression in oxytocinergic neurons. We found that Zusanli acupuncture therapy effectively elevated intragastric pressure, but inhibited expression of c-fos in oxytocinergic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus in upper cervical cord injured rats. These Zusanli acupuncture effects remained even after complete dorsal cord transection. However, after complete transection of the spinal cord or dorsolateral funiculus, the effects were significantly attenuated and even disappeared. These findings suggest that the paraventricular nucleus is responsible for pooling and integrating signals from the Zusanli acupuncture and sensory information from the intragastric pressure variation, thereby contributing to the regulation of intragastric pressure. The upper cervical cord serves as the key link between ascending and descending pathways, which conveys afferent inputs to the paraventricular nucleus through the dorsolateral funiculus.

Discussion on the Application of Ascending and Descending Property of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Compatibility of Clinical Prescriptions

Through the method of literature mining,the classics of traditional Chinese medicine,materia medica works,medical cases and documents are studied.Based on common prescriptions for the treatment of diseases such as abnormal Zang-fu viscera and qi movement,dysfunction,etc.,and combined with the theory of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine,the application of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical prescription compatibility and the factors affecting the application are summarized.The ascending and descending properties of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely used in prescription compatibility for the clinical treatment of impairment of purifying and descending function of the lung,spleen and stomach's ascending and descending disorders and heart-kidney noninteractionpatte.

Metabolite profile comparisons between ascending and descending colon tissue in healthy adults

BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer,yet metabolic distinctions between healthy right and left colon tissue,before cancer is diagnosed,remains largely unknown.This study compared right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue metabolomes to identify differences from the stool metabolome in normal weight,overweight,and obese adults.AIM To examine right and left colon tissue metabolites according to body mass index that may serve as mechanistic targets for interventions and biomarkers for colon cancer risk.METHODS Global,non-targeted metabolomics was applied to assess right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue collected from healthy adults undergoing screening colonoscopies to test the hypothesis that BMI differentially impacts colon tissue metabolite profiles.The colon tissue and stool metabolome of healthy adults(n=24)was analyzed for metabolite signatures and metabolic pathway networks implicated in progression of colorectal cancer.RESULTS Ascending and descending colon contained 504 host,food,and microbiotaderived metabolites from normal weight,overweight and obese adults grouped according to body mass index.Amino acids,lipids,and nucleotides were among the chemical types that further differentiated from the stool metabolite profiles.Normal weight adults had 46 significantly different metabolites between ascending and descending colon tissue locations,whereas there were 37 metabolite differences in overweight and 28 metabolite differences for obese adults(P<0.05).Obese adults had trimethylamine N-oxide,endocannabinoids and monoacylglycerols with different relative abundances identified between ascending and descending colon.Primary and secondary bile acids,vitamins,and fatty acids also showed marked relative abundance differences in colon tissue from overweight/obese adults.CONCLUSION There were metabolite profile differences between right-ascending and leftdescending colon tissue in healthy adults.Colon lipids and other metabolites in obese and overweight adults were distinguished from normal weight participants and associated with gut inflammation,nutrient absorption,and products of microbiota metabolism.

Two-sided Long Baseline Radargrammetry from Ascending Descending Orbits with Application to Mapping Post-seismic Topography in the West Sichuan Foreland Basin

One-sided ascending or descending Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR） stereoradargrammetry has limited accuracy of topographic mapping due to the short spatial baseline（-100 km） and small intersection angle. In order to improve the performance and reliability of generating digital elevation model（DEM） from spaceborne SAR radargrammetry, an exploration of two-sided stereoradargrammetry from the combination of ascending and descending orbits with geometric configuration of long spatial baseline（-1000 km） was conducted in this study. The slant-range geometry between SAR sensors to the earth surface and the Doppler positioning equations were employed to establish the stereoscopic intersection model. The measurement uncertainty of two-sided radargrammetric elevation was estimated on the basis of radar parallax of homogeneous points between input SAR images. Two stereo-pairs of ALOS/PALSAR（Advanced Land Observing Satellite/Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar） acquisitions with the orbital separation almost 1080 km over the west Sichuan foreland basin with rolling topography in southwestern China were employed in the study to obtain the up-to-date terrain data after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake that hit this area. Thequantitative accuracy assessment of two-sided radargrammetric DEM was performed with reference to field GPS observations. The experimental results show that the elevation accuracy reaches 5.5 m without ground control points（GCPs） used, and the accuracy is further improved to 1.5 m with only one GPS GCP used as the least constraint. The theoretical analysis and testing results demonstrate that the twosided long baseline SAR radargrammetry from the ascending and descending orbits can be a very promising technical alternative for large-area and high accuracy topographic mapping.

Relationships between In SAR Seismic Deformation and Fault Motion Sense,Fault Strike,and Ascending/Descending Modes

Based on the working principle of satellite radars, the earthquake deformation field measured by interferometric synthetic aperture（InSAR） is the projection of ground displacement associated with the seismogenic fault in the line of sight（LOS） of the satellite. However, LOS projections are complex, and are not only related to the ascending/descending modes and incidence angles of SAR data, but also related to the strike and motion senses of the fault. Even for the same earthquake, the LOS deformation derived from different ascending/descending data can be almost identical in one case, but quite different in another case, which makes the interpretation of InSAR seismic deformation and its comparison with field observations difficult. In this study, we undertook a quantitative analysis of the relationships between LOS observation sensitivity of InSAR and fault strike, fault motion sense, and ascending/descending modes, as well as 3D deformation fields. We studied the features and differences of the LOS deformation fields in different types of earthquakes using ascending/descending modes, with a particularly detailed analysis of the relations for a strikeslip type of earthquake. We also summarized the characteristics of LOS deformation fields of faults with different strikes and optimal observational data modes. Taking the strike-slip Yushu earthquake and the normal Gaize event as examples, we used SAR data of the ascending/descending modes to verify the results of quantitative calculations. These analyses will not only provide a more reasonable interpretation of InSAR seismic deformation fields and but also help understand the differences of seismic deformation fields revealed by data with different observational modes, therefore promoting the application of InSAR technology in seismology.

A DEM fusion method for ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs in complicated mountain areas considering SAR echo intensity

To extract the high-quality DEM in complicated mountain areas,a DEM fusion method for ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs considering Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)echo intensity is proposed.After the analysis for the influence of terrain features and SAR side-looking imaging characteristics on radar echo intensity and DEM accuracy,four Terras AR-X images with the stripmap mode and the 3 m spatial resolution covering a certain area of Maoxian County,Sichuan Province,China,was selected as the experimental area.StereoSAR technology was used to extract the ascending orbit StereoSAR DEM and the descending orbit StereoSAR DEM,respectively,and the corresponding radar echo intensity map was calculated.Then,while comparing the radar echo intensity corresponding to the same point position,DEM fusion was carried out,and the accuracy of DEM before and after the fusion was analyzed with the ground points measured by GNSS-RTK as reference data.Finally,a high-quality DEM with a 3 m spatial resolution in the experimental area was obtained.The DEM accuracy was improved on all slopes,and the mean absolute deviation(MAD)improved to 4.798 m,the standard deviation(SD)improved to 6.087 m and the LE90 improved to 40.48 m.The experimental results indicate that the fusion method of highresolution ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs considering SAR echo intensity can effectively extract DEM with high accuracy and reliability,which can provide technical support for obtaining highquality terrain information in similar areas.

Discussion on the Theoretical Basis of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in the Treatment of Insulin Resistance Obesity

Through reading Chinese ancient book Huangdi Nejing,and summarizing and analyzing related literature,the basic pathogenesis of obesity have been found to be the stomach preponderance and spleen weakness,and the imbalance of ascending and descending.Banxia Xiexin Decoction not only has the functions of relieving heat to inhibit stomach intake,supplementing deficiency to assist spleen transport,regulate the ascending and descending,but also has the effects of improving insulin resistance and regulating glucolipid metabolism.Therefore,it is suggested that Banxia Xiexin Decoction can be used in the treatment of insulin resistant obesity,which provides ideas and methods for its treatment.

吴承玉教授运用平衡思维治疗恶性肿瘤经验撷菁

平衡思维贯穿中医学辨治疾病的始终,是中医学独具特色的核心理论。吴承玉教授行医50余载,辨治恶性肿瘤经验颇丰,形成了自己独特的学术思想:认为机体阴阳失衡与恶性肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关,临床中通过灵活运用攻补平衡、寒热平衡、升降平衡、润燥平衡等药物偏性,且从组方配伍的动态平衡角度出发,平衡机体内部环境,从而减少患者的痛苦、延长患者的生命。本文对吴承玉教授运用平衡思维治疗恶性肿瘤的经验进行归纳总结,以期为同道提供参考。

TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X获取高精度数字高程模型技术研究

以双星系统（TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X）下的bistatic数据模式为例研究了差分干涉获取高精度DEM产品的融合算法和技术流程.针对不同观测几何条件下（升降轨,不同入射角）观测数据的畸变和缺失,提出一种迭代的顾及垂直基线、阴影和叠影的数据融合新方法重建高分辨率高精度的数字高程模型,并对TanDEM-X融合的DEM在不同地物属性特征下（山区及高楼林立的城区）的精度进行定量分析.本文采用了两对覆盖珠海、澳门区域的升降轨TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X干涉对进行融合处理,并通过收集的高精度Lidar数据进行精度比较分析.此外,本文还定量分析了TanDEM-X的DEM对常规DInSAR技术的改进,并与SRTM、ASTER的结果进行对比.结果表明：提出的升降轨融合方法较单一轨道平台能够较好地改正或减弱由于几何畸变引起的高程信息缺失或错误,通过与Lidar数据的对比发现TanDEM-X的融合DEM在山区的精度较高,其残差的标准差为3.5 m,较单一轨道（升、降轨）分别降低8%和22%,能够通过迭代的方法获取高分辨率（可达2～5m）、高精度的地形信息;而针对城区密集建筑物的复杂地形来说,融合的DEM的精度稍低,残差的标准差为11.8m,但较单一轨道（升、降轨）来说有较大改进,其残差标准差分别降低了28%和22%;而在分布较为稀疏的居民区,融合的DEM能够较Lidar数据获取更好的建筑物高度及外形信息,此时的残差标准差可达5m.同时,TanDEM-X的融合DEM作为外部DEM能够较SRTM和ASTER来说更好地去除地形信息,尤其在山区及高程建筑密集分布的城区,从而利于后续的相位解缠和形变信息的精确获取和解译,为更高精度的时序InSAR形变监测提供有利条件。

谭华儒基于枢轴运动理论治疗小儿厌食经验

厌食为儿童常见疾病,谭华儒经长期临床观察及实践认为,枢轴运动失常、升降失常、四维旋转不利会引发小儿厌食,临床以顾护中气、斡旋中土、升降复序、四维运转、调和肝脾、木火升发、心肾相济、脾升胃降为主要治法,标本兼治,能有效改善儿童食欲和消化吸收能力,常用方为加味四君子汤。本文总结谭华儒基于枢轴运动理论治疗小儿厌食经验,附验案1则。

TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X升降轨双基干涉模式获取DEM方法研究

该文基于TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X(TSX/TDX)双基升降轨数据,首先采用非局部干涉(Non Local Interferometric SAR,NL-InSAR)相位滤波分别得到单航过升轨和降轨模式下的高分辨率DEM。在此基础上,基于NL-InSAR估计得到的较准确相干系数,提出一种升降轨DEM融合方法,恢复SAR侧视成像造成的几何畸变,提高DEM重建精度。该文采用两幅北京地区的TSX/TDX升降轨干涉对进行融合处理,结果表明,在地形复杂地区的叠掩和阴影等无效区域,融合之后的DEM无效点数明显减少。经统计,融合后无效点数比例由升轨、降轨的4.93%和4.52%降低到1.34%。同时,融合DEM的精度相比于升轨的6.74 m提高了8.7%、相比于降轨的6.67 m提高了9.6%,融合后高程精度达到6.09 m。

Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for ascending colon cancer with persistent mesocolon

Persistent ascending or descending mesocolon is an embryological anomaly that occurs during the final process of intestinal development in organogenesis.Specifically,the primitive dorsal mesocolon fails to fuse with the parietal peritoneum in the fifth month of gestation.Herein,we describe a case of ascending colon cancer with persistent ascending and descending mesocolon treated by laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.Preoperative computed tomography imaging of the abdomen demonstrated that the descending colon shifted at the midline of the abdomen and the sigmoid colon was located under the ascending colon.The detailed preoperative imaging examination revealed malpositioning of the large intestine and aided in the procedural planning.Because persistent mesocolon may result in the formation of abnormal adhesions,an accurate preoperative diagnosis is essential.We propose that it is important to consider this anomaly when making the preoperative imaging diagnosis to ensure a safe operation.

基于气机升降理论的针灸组方对心肾不交型失眠患者睡眠质量和睡眠进程的影响

目的探讨分析基于气机升降理论的针灸组方对心肾不交型失眠患者睡眠质量和睡眠进程的影响。方法前瞻性选取2019年1月—2021年12月收治入院的84例心肾不交型失眠患者根据随机数字表法分为治疗A组(42例)和治疗B组(42例)。治疗A组予以常规针法治疗,治疗B组患者则予以基于气机升降理论的针灸组方治疗。评估两组患者的实际睡眠总时间、PSQI量表评分、睡眠进程参数、入睡时间、日间功能障碍以及不良反应。结果干预后两组纳入患者的PSQI量表评分较干预前均有了显著改善(P<0.05),且干预后治疗B组患者的PSQI量表评分显著低于治疗A组(P<0.05);干预后两组纳入患者的睡眠进程参数指标较干预前均有显著改善(P<0.05),且干预后治疗B组患者的总睡眠时间、睡眠效率指标显著高于治疗A组,而睡眠潜伏期、觉醒时间指标则显著低于治疗A组(P<0.05);干预后两组纳入患者入睡时间、日间功能障碍较干预前均显著降低(P<0.05),且干预后治疗B组患者的入睡时间、日间功能障碍均显著低于治疗A组(P<0.05);干预后两组纳入患者的实际睡眠总时间较干预前均有了显著改善(P<0.05),且干预后治疗B组患者的实际睡眠总时间显著高于治疗A组(P<0.05);两组心肾不交型失眠患者在治疗期间均未出现严重不良反应,干预方案安全性良好。治疗A组患者出现穿刺处血肿4例、穿刺处感染2例、滞针4例,总出现率为23.81%(10/42);治疗B组患者出现穿刺处血肿1例、穿刺处感染0例、滞针1例,总出现率为4.76%(2/42),且治疗B组患者的总出现率显著低于治疗A组(P<0.05)。结论基于气机升降理论的针灸组方治疗心肾不交型失眠患者,其临床干预效果显著,可有效改善患者的PSQI量表评分以及睡眠进程参数,缩短入睡时间,提高实际睡眠总时间,缓解日间功能障碍,且不良反应少。

姚春运用气机升降法治疗不寐经验

不寐是一种常见的睡眠障碍。目前,不寐的发病率显著上升,长期不寐会造成焦虑和抑郁等情绪问题,严重影响患者的身心健康。姚春教授认为不寐的病机关键是气机升降出入失常,临证应注重调营卫,温心阳,降太过之火,升不及之气血,针药结合以达通阳气、调阴气之效,使其“阴阳通,卧立至”,临床中擅长运用气机升降法治疗不寐,调节阴阳平衡,改善营卫之气运行,恢复脏腑功能,疗效显著。

从气机升降失调谈单纯性肥胖治疗

肥胖病是当今医学界的一大疑难问题,95%以上的病人为单纯性肥胖症。其病因病机复杂多样,变化多端。单纯依赖药物治疗收效甚微,且不良反应较大。依据古老的东方哲学智慧,从中医学的气机升降理论中得到启发,提出以“腹四针”穴位埋线法治疗单纯性肥胖症。该文主要介绍以气机升降为理论基础对单纯性肥胖的治疗体会,以期为临床治疗单纯性肥胖病提供参考与帮助。

基于脏腑气机升降角度论治小儿慢性咳嗽探颐

小儿慢性咳嗽作为儿科常见疾病,病因及治疗较为复杂。本病的病机为脏腑气机升降失调,以调理肺、脾胃、肝气机升降,治疗上以恢复脏腑的气机平衡为着重点。文章介绍了从气机升降角度治疗小儿慢性咳嗽,分析其辨证、立法、用药思路,以期为本病的治提供借鉴。

基于气机升降理论的中医三联疗法治疗心肾不交型不寐的临床研究

目的评价基于气机升降理论的中医三联疗法治疗心肾不交型不寐患者的临床效果。方法选择2021年1-12月该院收治确诊的68例心肾不交型不寐患者为研究对象,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组34例。治疗组采用中药内服+头部循经刮痧+引阳入阴气息引导推拿的中医三联法治疗;对照组采用口服艾司唑仑片治疗。比较两组疗效、睡眠质量[匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分]、中医症候积分及神经递质[5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)]水平。结果治疗3周后,治疗组总有效率及5-HT水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),PSQI总评分、中医症候积分、DA水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中医三联疗法治疗心肾不交型不寐可显著改善患者的临床症状、神经递质水平,提高患者睡眠质量,值得推广应用。

升阳益胃汤联合SSRI类抗抑郁药治疗抑郁障碍的研究

目的观察升阳益胃汤联合5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)类药物治疗抑郁障碍的疗效。方法采用随机数字表法,将2020年12月—2022年5月在河北省精神卫生中心门诊或住院治疗的120例抑郁障碍患者分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组给予SSRI类药物治疗,观察组给予SSRI类药物联合升阳益胃汤治疗,2组均连续治疗8周。比较2组治疗2周、4周、8周后汉密尔顿抑郁量表17(HAMD17)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、躯体化症状问卷(SSI)评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分,比较2组的疗效及药物不良反应。结果对照组53例、观察组55例完成研究。2组治疗2周、4周、8周后的HAMD17评分、HAMA评分、SSI评分均较基线时明显降低(P均<0.05),且观察组治疗2周、4周、8周后的HAMD17评分、HAMA评分、SSI评分均明显低于同期对照组(P均<0.05)。2组治疗8周后的PSQI总分和睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能评分均较基线时明显降低(P均<0.05),且观察组治疗8周后的PSQI总分和睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、催眠药物、日间功能评分均明显低于同期对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组治疗2周、4周、8周后治疗总有效率均明显高于同期对照组[52.7%(29/55)、74.5%(41/55)、89.1%(49/55)比39.6%(21/53)、69.8%(37/53)、81.1%(43/53),P均<0.05]。观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组[5.4%(3/55)比17.0%(9/53),P均<0.05]。结论升阳益胃汤联合SSRI类药物治疗抑郁障碍起效更快,对抑郁症状、焦虑症状、躯体化症状以及睡眠质量的改善幅度更大,且有一定减少不良反应作用。

基于PS-InSAR技术的地表形变监测与驱动力分析

以昆明市官渡区为研究区,基于PS-InSAR技术,结合2019年1月—2021年12月覆盖官渡区的36幅Sentinel-1A升轨数据和36幅Sentinel-1A降轨数据,提取研究区内沿雷达视线向地表形变速率,并结合地理探测器对坡度、坡向、高程、降雨量、土地覆被类型、道路密度、距铁路的距离以及距地铁的距离进行单因子和多因子交互的驱动力分析。结果表明,升轨形变速率范围为-30.67~18.27 mm/a,降轨形变速率范围为-24.58~24.36 mm/a,共识别出4个沉降漏斗;通过升降轨数据的交叉验证,证明了利用PS-InSAR技术监测地表形变的可行性;距铁路的距离对官渡区地表形变空间分异的影响最强,同时多因子交互作用增强了地表形变的空间分异。

运用气机升降理论治疗感染后咳嗽的临床研究

目的观察运用气机升降理论治疗感染后咳嗽(PIC)的临床效果。方法纳入山西省太原市中医医院2021年12月至2022年12月期间收治的PIC患者140例,按照随机数字表法分为2组,对照组70例予常规药物治疗,治疗组70例予升降止咳汤治疗。疗程14天。比较2组伴随症状改善情况、药物起效及咳嗽缓解与消失时间、咳嗽特异性生活质量问卷(CQLQ)评分,并统计临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率94.29%(66/70),对照组总有效率75.71%(53/70),治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后各项伴随症状评分均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组药物起效时间、咳嗽缓解及消失时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后CQLQ各项评分均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论运用气机升降理论治疗PIC有利于减轻患者的伴随症状,药物起效快,促进患者咳嗽症状缓解,因此值得在后续临床中应用。