A Study on the“Social Behavior”of Zen Poetry Culture:A Case Study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry.

Research on the Social Custom of the Jurchen of the Yuan Dynasty

In the Yuan Dynasty,the Jurchen and the Han nationality had already blended,but as the place of origin of the Jurchen,there are still some social customs of the Jurchen in some places in Liaoyang Province of the Yuan Dynasty.From the analysis in this paper we can see that in the Yuan Dynasty,although the Liaoyang Province of that time was ruled by the Mongol nationality,the Jurchen nationality stilled lived there after the Jin Dynasty perished because the Liaoyang Province was the cradle for the Jurchen nationality.From the character of the Jurchen,the custom of chewed wine,singing and dancing and costumes of the Jurchen,we can have a deeper understanding of the unique social customs of the Jurchen,which places the role of a connecting link between the preceding and the following for the inheritance and development of the Jurchen culture in the coming generations.

The Influence of Miao Nationality’s Culture in Yuan Xiang Region on the Later Poetry Creation of Qu Yuan

Miao culture is one of the minority cultures in China.It also has a certain impact on the development of Chinese literature and poetry.Chu ci is a new poetic style created by Qu Yuan,an ancient poet in China.It is the first collection of romantic poetry in the history of Chinese literature.Qu Yuan’s poetry creation is related to his life experience.Qu Yuan was exiled to Yuan Xiang region,and he had been in contact with the Miao ancestors in Yuan Xiang area during the exile.Therefore,the Miao land culture in Yuan Xiang area has a profound influence on Qu Yuan’s later poetry creation.This paper,taking Qu Yuan’s later poetry as an example,analyzes the influence of Miao culture on Chu ci in Yuan Xiang area,introduces Qu Yuan’s life and how to contact Miao culture,and probes into the influence of Miao nationality’s religious thought,customs,language and culture,oral folk song and pan song on the later poetry creation of Qu Yuan.

Study on the Kind and Character of Mongol Hats in Yuan Dynasty

在第 13 个世纪，蒙古人创造了加强的一个广阔、横贯大陆的帝国文化，艺术， craftwork，服装和广告全部联系欧亚大陆。帽子是被看作蒙古人传统的服装的一个符号的正式蒙古人衣服的那么不可缺少的部分。粗略地蒙古的人的头饰能被划分成二个组，它是李和毛。另外，蒙古的女人是 Gu-gu-gwan，一种扁平软帽，为女皇，皇帝的小老婆，和高度的妻子的饰头巾正在评价部长。基于图象资源和存在证据的分析，这研究在它的组，起源，装饰和文化影响的上下文讨论元时期的帽子。

Identification of 13th-14th Century Chinese Handmade Paper Fibers Collected in Yuan Dynasty Paper Currencies

The earliest paper currencies in existence in China were handcrafted during the Yuan dynasty.These currencies were scientifically excavated from different ruins or tombs,whereas scientific analyses of the papers are rare.This study used optical and scanning electron microscopy to examine the fibers collected in Yuan dynasty paper currencies in conjunction with the Herzberg staining method.Despite differences in circulation period,paper fibers in both Zhi Yuan Tong Xing Bao Chao(two Guan)and Zhong Tong Yuan Bao Jiao Chao(one Guan and 500 Wen,issued in Zhi Zheng period)were identified as similar papermaking materials,bast fibers of mulberry bark.The results indicate that mulberry bark,a durable papermaking material used since ancient times,was mainly utilized as a raw material in these Yuan dynasty paper currency.This fiber identification work solved the critical problem of papermaking material in the Yuan dynasty paper currency and provided important information for conserving these precious cultural relics.

Walking into the world of Li Yu

Li Yu is a failure as emperor,but as a ci writer he is considered to be the indisputable emperor to take the crown.A brief life of Li Yu is first presented to account for his failure as emperor and success as a ci writer.Then some of his ci poems are analyzed according to the categories of court life,love and lamentation over past splendor.In the end,his achievements in ci writing are summarized by citing Wang Guowei's words from his Comments on Ci in the Human World.

Sino-Thai Relations in the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties

This paper takes Thailand recorded in Chinese ancient texts during the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties(12th-19th centuries A.D.)as the main source of research,especially the interactions between China and countries in the Thai region as recorded in these ancient texts,namely Yuanshi,Xin Yuanshi,Daoyi Zhilüe,Mingshilu,and Qingshi Gao.The relationship between China and Thailand is studied in three aspects:(1)tribute relations;(2)folk commerce;and(3)Chinese immigration.

The Defects in Translating Tang Poetry into English

Occasionally,browsing in a bookstore,I came upon a smallvolume with the title"Tang Shi San Bai Shou",which translatesas"Three Hundred Tang Poems".

Appreciation of Traditional Chinese Poetry

Editor’s Notes: We start,fromthis issue,to carry some ancient poemsand cis for readers to enjoy.The ci,a from of poetic complsition,is subjectto regulations of tone and rhyme and its lines vary in length.It originated in the Tang Dynasty(618-907) andwas fully developed during the Song Dynasty(906-1379).The followingare two cis written by Su Shi andtranslated ty Mr.N.C Doo。

Kunqu Opera Goes Out into the World

KUNQU operais one of theoldest forms of Chinese op-era.It had its beginnings inthe late Yuan(1271-1368)and earlyMing(1368-1644)dynasties and itsfullest flowering in the middle ofthe Ming Dynasty.Kunqu opera in-volves poetry,singing,music,dance,drama,acrobatics and martialarts.It reflects the daily life,emo-tions and ideas of ancient Chinesepeople and some ancient arts andtheir development.Later forms ofopera—such as Peking,Han(fromHubei Province),Hui,Chuan,Wu(from Zhejiang Province),Xiang.Dian and Yue—were all influencedby Kunqu.Today there are six Kunquopera troupes in—China,all with dis-tinct characteristics of their own.The Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe,

Downstream Channel Evolution and Its Causes in the Yuan River during the Qing Dynasty

The determination of channel evolutions and the causes is important for reconstructing the evolutionary history of river landforms.This study aimed to elucidate the downstream channel evolution of the Yuan River in Hunan Province,China,during the Qing Dynasty via Landsat 8 satellite image data and relevant literature.The objective was to establish the modes of channel evolution and discuss the significance of historical climate change.The downstream paleochannel of the Yuan River was identified in the Late Ming Dynasty and Early Qing Dynasty(1600–1644 AD),the Kangxi-Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty(1661–1796 AD),the Late Qing Dynasty(1840–1912 AD),and the World War II(1939–1945 AD),and three main modes of river evolution were determined.Using remote sensing data and the ancient literature,the evolution characteristics of the paleochannel in the Lower Yuan River were analyzed and its distribution across historical periods was comprehensively revealed.The findings reveal a strong correlation between channel evolution,flood events,and climate change.Numerous flood events that occurred from the Late Qing Dynasty to the World War II caused a high rate of channel evolution,demonstrating the combined effects of climate change and human activities.These findings will help adopt robust and resilient hydrological management methods in the future of a changing climate.

The Splendor of Verdure: Tea and the East Asian World of the Song and Yuan Dynasties

Tea has played an important role throughout the entire East Asian world.During the Song and Yuan dynasties,due to differences in the target consumers and acceptance of tea,Chinese and Japanese tea cultures began to take different paths.The close relationship between tea and Goryeo politics propelled the flourishing development of Goryeo tea culture on the Korean Peninsula.The colorful landscape of tea culture during the Yuan dynasty illustrates the transformation of traditional Chinese tea culture from the Song to the Yuan,with an upper-class break and a lower-class continuation.During the Song and Yuan dynasties,there were great changes in the order of the East Asian world,where tea was not merely a beverage but carried historical changes and served as a spiritual symbol in the East Asian cultural world,reflecting historical transformations.

南宋和元代龙泉窑粉青瓷釉色比较研究

为了研究南宋与元代龙泉粉青瓷釉呈色机理,采用colorimeter,XRF,XRD,Raman spectrometer,XPS等对南宋和元代龙泉粉青瓷釉进行对比分析。结果表明,南宋粉青瓷L*值大于元代,而a*、b*值小于元代粉青瓷。南宋粉青瓷的烧成温度低于元代。龙泉粉青瓷乳浊如玉的质感主要是受釉层内小而密集气泡与大量石英晶体对光的影响所致。Fe2O3的化学色主导了龙泉青瓷的呈色,且南宋粉青瓷的Fe2+与Fe3+的比值高于元代粉青瓷,是南宋粉青瓷偏蓝而元代粉青瓷偏绿的主要原因。