Recently, a rise in attention of Brexit has come to the public. The UK and European Union would both have an enormouamount of influence mutually. One of the important issues raised by the European Union(EU) is also de...Recently, a rise in attention of Brexit has come to the public. The UK and European Union would both have an enormouamount of influence mutually. One of the important issues raised by the European Union(EU) is also deserved to cope with, namely language policy. In this paper, I develop an analysis aimed at presenting the basis introduction of multilingualism and its negative effectduring the implementary process. The paper focuses on the current language policy—how does the multilingualism work and some challenges confronted by EU language official institution, whether maintaining or abandoning the present form of institutional multilingualism or not to keep balance between promoting diversity and achieving efficiency.展开更多
The population age structure is changing fast both in the European welfare states and in China,as fertility remains low and longevity continues to increase.The pressure on public pensions,health care and long-term car...The population age structure is changing fast both in the European welfare states and in China,as fertility remains low and longevity continues to increase.The pressure on public pensions,health care and long-term care expenditures is receiving increased attention.Sound public finances in the Euro area call for pension reforms,especially for raising the retirement age.Although the challenges are qualitatively similar in the EU and China,the quantitative picture is different:GDP per capita in China is about 30%of that in the more advanced states of the EU,and the ageingrelated public expenditures as a percentage of GDP is currently one quarter of this ratio in the EU.A particular factor in China is migration of workers to the cities and factories from rural areas.For a harmonious society,their rights to social security,including pensions and their children’s access to education,require modernisation of government institutions.The retirement age in practically all EU countries and in China is currently low,lagging behind the increase in longevity.Increasing the ratio of participating in working life to the average years of retirement is a key to moderating the pressures on public finances.展开更多
Although Muammar al-Qaddafi was known to fanatically adhere to a broad set of zealous principles,when threats and challenges to his political survival mounted,sporadic breaches in the country’s rigid wall of ideology...Although Muammar al-Qaddafi was known to fanatically adhere to a broad set of zealous principles,when threats and challenges to his political survival mounted,sporadic breaches in the country’s rigid wall of ideology in regard to Libya’s international relations appeared,evincing Qaddafi’s ability to demonstrate pragmatism when required in order to maintain his grip on power.This article will explore Libya’s strategic-military alignment with the USSR and offer a retrospective analysis of one of the lesser-discussed chapters in Tripoli’s tempestuous and belligerent foreign policy during the height of the Cold war era,spanning the period of 1974-1989.展开更多
文摘Recently, a rise in attention of Brexit has come to the public. The UK and European Union would both have an enormouamount of influence mutually. One of the important issues raised by the European Union(EU) is also deserved to cope with, namely language policy. In this paper, I develop an analysis aimed at presenting the basis introduction of multilingualism and its negative effectduring the implementary process. The paper focuses on the current language policy—how does the multilingualism work and some challenges confronted by EU language official institution, whether maintaining or abandoning the present form of institutional multilingualism or not to keep balance between promoting diversity and achieving efficiency.
文摘The population age structure is changing fast both in the European welfare states and in China,as fertility remains low and longevity continues to increase.The pressure on public pensions,health care and long-term care expenditures is receiving increased attention.Sound public finances in the Euro area call for pension reforms,especially for raising the retirement age.Although the challenges are qualitatively similar in the EU and China,the quantitative picture is different:GDP per capita in China is about 30%of that in the more advanced states of the EU,and the ageingrelated public expenditures as a percentage of GDP is currently one quarter of this ratio in the EU.A particular factor in China is migration of workers to the cities and factories from rural areas.For a harmonious society,their rights to social security,including pensions and their children’s access to education,require modernisation of government institutions.The retirement age in practically all EU countries and in China is currently low,lagging behind the increase in longevity.Increasing the ratio of participating in working life to the average years of retirement is a key to moderating the pressures on public finances.
文摘Although Muammar al-Qaddafi was known to fanatically adhere to a broad set of zealous principles,when threats and challenges to his political survival mounted,sporadic breaches in the country’s rigid wall of ideology in regard to Libya’s international relations appeared,evincing Qaddafi’s ability to demonstrate pragmatism when required in order to maintain his grip on power.This article will explore Libya’s strategic-military alignment with the USSR and offer a retrospective analysis of one of the lesser-discussed chapters in Tripoli’s tempestuous and belligerent foreign policy during the height of the Cold war era,spanning the period of 1974-1989.
