Cut-off value of glycated hemoglobin A1c for detecting diabetic retinopathy in the Chinese population

BACKGROUND Glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)is considered the most suitable for diabetes mellitus diagnosis due to its accuracy and convenience.However,the effect of HbA1c on diabetic retinopathy(DR)in the Han and Korean populations in Jilin,China,remains inconclusive.AIM To determine the best cut-off of HbA1c for diagnosing DR among the Chinese.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1933 participants from the Yanbian area of Jilin Province,China.Trained investigators employed a questionnaire-based survey,physical examination,laboratory tests,and fundus photography for the investigation.The best cut-off value for HbA1c was established via the receiver operating characteristic curve.The factors associated with HbA1c-associated risk factors were determined via linear regression.RESULTS The analysis included 887 eligible Chinese Han and Korean participants,591 of whom were assigned randomly to the training set and 296 to the validation set.The prevalence of DR was 3.27% in the total population.HbA1c of 6.2% was the best cut-off value in the training set,while it was 5.9% in the validation set.In both Chinese Han and Korean populations,an HbA1c level of 6.2% was the best cut-off value.The optimal cut-off values of fasting blood glucose(FBG)≥7 mmol/L and<7 mmol/L were 8.1% and 6.2% respectively in Han populations,while those in Korean populations were 6.9%and 5.3%,respectively.Age,body mass index,and FBG were determined as the risk factors impacting HbA1c levels.CONCLUSION HbA1c may serve as a useful diagnostic indicator for DR.An HbA1c level of 6.2% may be an appropriate cut-off value for DR detection in the Chinese population.

Elevation of the glycated albumin to glycated hemoglobin ratio during the progression of hepatitis C virus related liver fibrosis

AIM: To analyze the relationship between the glycated albumin (GA) to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ratio and the histological grading of liver fibrosis.METHODS: The study retrospectively included consecutive hepatitis C virus positive chronic liver disease patients (n = 142) who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy between January 2008 and March 2010 at our institution. The ratios of GA/HbA1c were calculated in all patients to investigate the relationship with the degree of the liver fibrosis. The values of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), an excellent marker for the evaluation of liver fibrosis, were also calculated. In addition, we combined the ratio of GA/HbA1c and the APRI in order to improve our ability to detect the presence of significant liver fibrosis. RESULTS: Sixty-one (43%) patients had either no fibrosis or minimal fibrosis (METAVIR score: F0-F1), while 25 (17%) had intermediate fibrosis (F2). Fifty-six (39%) patients had severe fibrosis (F3-F4) and 27 of them had cirrhosis (F4). The mean values of the GA/HbA1c increased with the progression of the fibrosis (F0-1: 2.83 ± 0.24, F2: 2.85 ± 0.24, F3: 2.92 ± 0.35, F4: 3.14 ± 0.54). There was a significant dif- ference between the F0-F1 vs F4, F2 vs F4, and F3 vs F4 groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The GA/HbA1c ratio was significantly higher in the patients with cirrhosis (F4) than in those without cirrhosis (F0-F3) (3.14 ± 0.54 vs 2.85 ± 0.28, P < 0.0001). The GA/HbA1c ratio was also significantly higher in the patients with severe fibrosis (F3-F4) than in those without severe liver fibrosis (F0-F2) (3.03 ± 0.41 vs 2.84 ± 0.24, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the GA/ HbA1c ratio was also significantly higher in the patients with significant fibrosis (F2-F4) than in those without significant liver fibrosis (F0-F1) (2.98 ± 0.41 vs 2.83 ± 0.24, P < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of the increased GA/HbA1c ratio (> 3.0) was as follows: its sensitivity and specificity for the detection of liver cirrhosis (F4) were 59.3% and 70.4%, respectively and its sensitivity and specificity for the detection of severe liver fibrosis (F3-F4) were 50.0% and 74.4%,respectively. With regard to the detection of significant fibrosis (F2-F4), its sensitivity was 44.4% and its specificity was 77.0%. Although even the excellent marker APRI shows low sensitivity (25.9%) for distinguishing patients with or without significant fibrosis, the combination of the APRI and GA/HbA1c ratio increased the sensitivity up to 42.0%, with only a modest decrease in the specificity (from 90.2% to 83.6%). CONCLUSION: The GA/HbA1c ratio increased in line with the histological severity of liver fibrosis, thus suggesting that this ratio is useful as a supportive index of liver fibrosis.

Use of glycated albumin for the identification of diabetes in subjects from northeast China

BACKGROUND Metabolic memory is important for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in the early stage,and in maintaining blood glucose concentrations within the normal range.The clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is currently made using fasting plasma glucose,2 h-plasma glucose(2h-PG)during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test,and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)level.However,the fasting plasma glucose test requires fasting,which is a barrier to screening,and reproducibility of the 2h-PG level is poor.HbA1c is affected by a shortened red blood cell lifespan.In patients with anemia and hemoglobinopathies,the measured HbA1c levels may be inaccurate.Compared with HbA1c,glycated albumin(GA)is characterized by more rapid and greater changes,and can be used to diagnose new-onset diabetes especially if urgent early treatment is required,for example in gestational diabetes.In this study,we provided cutoff values for GA and evaluated its utility as a screening and diagnostic tool for diabetes in a large high-risk group study.AIM To evaluate the utility of GA in identifying subjects with diabetes in northeast China,and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the proposed GA cutoff in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1935 subjects,with suspected diabetes or in high-risk groups,from 2014 to 2015 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University(Harbin,China).The use of GA to identify diabetes was investigated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).The GA cutoffs were derived from different 2h-PG values with hemoglobin A1c cutoffs used as a calibration curve.RESULTS The GA cutoff for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was 15.15%from the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.ROC analysis demonstrated that GA was an efficient marker for detecting diabetes,with an AUC of 90.3%.CONCLUSION Our study supports the use of GA as a biomarker for the diagnosis of diabetes.

Prognostic value of glycated hemoglobin in colorectal cancer

AIM To investigate the clinical significance of routinely used glycemic parameters in a cohort of colorectal cancer(CRC) patients.METHODS Pre-treatment fasting blood glucose, insulin, Hb A1 c and homeostasis model of risk assessment(HOMA-IR) were retrospectively evaluated in a case-control study of 224 CRC and 112 control subjects matched for sex, obesity and diabetes frequency and blood lipid profile.Furthermore, the prognostic value of routinely used glycemic parameters towards progression-free(PFS) and overall survival(OS) was prospectively evaluated.RESULTS Fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and HbA 1c(all P < 0.0001) levels were higher in non-diabetic CRC patients compared with obesity-matched controls. All parameters were associated with increased CRC risk at ROC analysis, but no relationship with clinical-pathological variables or survival outcomes was observed for glycemia, insulinemia or HOMA-IR. Conversely, advanced CRC stage(P = 0.018) was an independent predictor of increased Hb A1 c levels, which were also higher in patients who had disease progression compared with those who did not(P = 0.05). Elevated Hb A1 c levels showed a negative prognostic value both in terms of PFS(HR = 1.24) and OS(HR = 1.36) after adjustment for major confounders, which was further confirmed in a subgroup analysis performed after exclusion of diabetic patients.CONCLUSION HbA 1c might have a negative prognostic value in CRC, thus suggesting that glycemic metabolic markers should be carefully monitored in these patients, independently of overt diabetes.

Indicators of glycemic control in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant women with diabetes mellitus

Recently, it has become clear that mild abnormal glucose tolerance increases the incidence of perinatal maternalinfant complications, and so the definition and diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) have been changed. Therefore, in patients with GDM and pregnant women with diabetes mellitus, even stricter glycemic control than before is required to reduce the incidence of perinatal maternal-infant complications. Strict glycemic control cannot be attained without an indicator of glycemic control; this review proposes a reliable indicator. The gold standard indicator of glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus is hemoglobin A1c(Hb A1c); however, we have demonstrated that Hb A1 c does not reflect glycemic control accurately during pregnancy because of iron deficiency. It has also become clear that glycated albumin, another indicator of glycemic control, is not influenced by iron deficiency and therefore might be a better indicator of glycemic control in patients with GDM and pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. However, largepopulation epidemiological studies are necessary in order to confirm our proposal. Here, we outline the most recent findings about the indicators of glycemic control during pregnancy including fructosamine and 1,5-anhydroglucitol.

Glycated albumin may be a choice, but not an alternative marker of glycated hemoglobin for glycemic control assessment in diabetic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

Background It has been suggested that glycated hemoglobin （HbAlc） underestimate the actual glycemic control levels in maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients, because of anemia and the using of erythropoietin （EPO）; it was recommended that glycated albumin （GA） should be an alternative marker. Therefore, the assessment performances of glycemic control were compared between GA and HbAlc in this research by referring to mean plasma glucose （MPG） in diabetes mellitus （DM） patients undergoing MHD or not. Methods MPG was calculated according to the data registered at enrollment and follow-up 2 months later and corresponding HbAlc, albumin （ALB）, GA, etc. were measured in 280 cases. A case-control study for comparing GA and HbAlc was done among the groups of MHD patients with DM （n=88） and without DM （NDM; n=90）, and non-MHD ones with DM （n=102） using MPG for an actual glycemic control standard. Results In these 3 groups, only for DM patients＇ （whether undergoing MHD or not）, GA and HbAlc correlated with MPG significantly （P 〈0.01）. Through linear regression analysis, it could be found that the regression curves of GA almost coincided in MHD and non-MHD patients with DM, because the intercepts （2.418 vs. 2.329） and slopes （0.053 vs. 0.057） were very close to each other. On the contrary, regression curves of HbAlc did not coincide in the two groups, because variance of the slopes （0.036 vs. 0.052） were relatively large. Through comparing receiver operating characteristic （ROC） areas under the curve （AUC）, it could be understood that the assessment performances of GA and HbAlc in MHD patients were lower than those in non-MHD ones, and assessment performance of HbAlc in MHD patients was better than GA （P 〈0.05）. In addition, the effects of Hb and EPO dose on HbAlc, or that of ALB on GA were unobvious in our study. Conclusions Actual glycemic control level in MHD patients with DM may be underestimated by HbAlc, and it could be avoided by GA; however, glycemic evaluating performance of HbAlc may be still better than that of GA. Therefore, HbAlc should not be replaced completely although GA can be used as a choice to monitor glycemic level.

Liver fibrosis markers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of themajor causes of chronic liver injury. NAFLD includes a wide range of clinical conditions from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis. The histological findings of NASH indicate hepatic steatosis and inflammation with characteristic hepatocyte injury(e.g., ballooning degeneration), as is observed in the patients with alcoholic liver disease. NASH is considered to be a potentially health-threatening disease that can progress to cirrhosis. A liver biopsy remains the most reliable diagnostic method to appropriately diagnose NASH, evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis, and determine the prognosis and optimal treatment. However, this invasive technique is associated with several limitations in routine use, and a number of biomarkers have been developed in order to predict the degree of liver fibrosis. In the present article, we review the current status of noninvasive biomarkers available to estimate liver fibrosis in the patients with NASH. We also discuss our recent findings on the use of the glycated albuminto-glycated hemoglobin ratio, which is a new index that correlates to various chronic liver diseases, including NASH.

Update on biomarkers of glycemic control

Attaining and maintaining good glycemic control is a cornerstone of diabetes care. The monitoring of glycemic control is currently based on the self-monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG) and laboratory testing for hemoglobin A1 c(HbA1 c),which is a surrogate biochemical marker of the average glycemia level over the previous 2-3 mo period. Although hyperglycemia is a key biochemical feature of diabetes, both the level of and exposure to high glucose, as well as glycemic variability, contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and follow different patterns in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. HbA1 c provides a valuable,standardized and evidence-based parameter that is relevant for clinical decision making, but several biological and analytical confounders limit its accuracy in reflecting true glycemia. It has become apparent in recent years that other glycated proteins such as fructosamine, glycated albumin, and the nutritional monosaccharide 1,5-anhydroglucitol, as well as integrated measures from direct glucose testing by an SMBG/continuous glucose monitoring system, may provide valuable complementary data, particularly in circumstances when HbA1 c results may be unreliable or are insufficient to assess the risk of adverse outcomes. Long-term associations of these alternative biomarkers of glycemia with the risk of complications need to be investigated in order to provide clinically relevant cut-off values and to validate their utility in diverse populations of diabetes patients.

代谢相关标志物用于良性前列腺增生的临床价值研究

目的通过检测老年良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者的糖脂代谢相关指标,评价其与BPH的相关性,探讨将糖脂代谢相关指标纳入BPH常规检测的可能性,进一步对老年BPH患者治疗提出指导性建议。方法选取2021年7月至2022年6月于枣庄市立医院就诊的85例BPH患者设为BPH组,同期于本院体检的54例健康人员设为健康对照组。检测两组研究对象的糖化白蛋白(GA)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、1,5-脱水-D-山梨醇(1,5-AG)以及丙酮酸(PYR)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平。采用Pearson分析探讨BPH与各指标间的相关性,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,以曲线下面积(AUC)评价相关指标对BPH的诊断价值。结果BPH组的BMI显著高于健康对照组(P<0.001)。BPH组的ALB、1,5-AG水平显著低于健康对照组,HbA1c显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。BMI、HbA1c与BPH发生呈正相关,ALB和1,5-AG与BPH发生呈负相关(P<0.05)。ALB、1,5-AG和HbA1c诊断BPH的AUC分别为0.796、0.701和0.656。结论ALB、1,5-AG水平降低以及HbA1c升高是BPH患者疾病进展的危险因素,建议将糖脂代谢相关指标ALB、1,5-AG和HbA1c纳入BPH常规检测。

血清CHI3L1、NLR联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的探讨血清壳多糖酶3样蛋白1(CHI3L1)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)联合检测对糖尿病肾病(DN)的诊断价值。方法选取2022年2月至2023年2月该院收治的88例DN患者作为DN组,另外选取同期接诊的81例单纯糖尿病患者作为糖尿病组,88例同期于该院体检的健康者作为对照组。采用Pearson相关分析DN患者血清CHI3L1水平与NLR的相关性;采用Logistic回归分析CHI3L1、NLR对DN发生的影响;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清CHI3L1、NLR对DN的诊断价值。结果3组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)、尿清蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)及红细胞沉降率(ESR)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DN组血清CHI3L1、NLR水平明显高于糖尿病组及对照组,且糖尿病组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DN患者血清CHI3L1水平与NLR呈正相关(r=0.853,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,NLR、CHI3L1水平升高为DN发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清CHI3L1、NLR单独诊断DN的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.683、0.712,二者联合诊断DN的AUC为0.809,二者联合诊断的AUC明显大于血清CHI3L1、NLR单独诊断的AUC(Z=3.306,P<0.001;Z=3.623,P<0.001)。结论血清CHI3L1水平、NLR与DN发生密切相关,二者联合对DN具有较高的诊断价值。

足月分娩妊娠期糖尿病母亲新生儿脐血糖化血红蛋白 糖化白蛋白和胰岛素样生长因子-1水平变化及意义

目的 分析足月分娩妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)母亲新生儿脐血糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、糖化白蛋白(GA)和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平与新生儿不良妊娠结局的相关性。方法 选取2019年2月至2022年2月收治的220例足月分娩GDM母亲新生儿为观察对象,根据妊娠结局分为妊娠结局良好组159例、妊娠结局不良组61例。比较妊娠结局良好组和妊娠结局不良组的临床资料,检测妊娠结局良好组和妊娠结局不良组新生儿的脐血HbA1c、GA、IGF-1水平,采用Spearman相关分析法分析脐血HbA1c、GA和IGF-1水平与新生儿不良妊娠结局的关系,采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析脐血HbA1c、GA和IGF-1水平预测新生儿不良妊娠结局的价值。结果 妊娠结局不良组母亲空腹血糖[(6.68±0.61)mmol/L]、母亲口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)后1 h血糖[(12.54±1.12)mmol/L]、2 h血糖[(10.35±0.91)mmol/L]均高于妊娠结局良好组[(5.43±0.26)mmol/L、(11.38±1.03)mmol/L、(9.26±0.64)mmol/L](t=21.330、7.297、9.991,均P<0.05)。妊娠结局不良组新生儿的脐血HbA1c[(7.07±0.56)%]、GA[(18.19±0.76)%]和IGF-1[(77.56±7.37)ng/ml]水平均高于妊娠结局良好组(5.25±0.32)%、(12.27±0.52)%、(59.13±5.04)ng/ml (t=30.161、65.977、21.187,均P<0.05)。脐血HbA1c、GA和IGF-1水平与新生儿低血糖、新生儿窒息、胎儿窘迫、羊水过多、巨大儿呈正相关(均P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,HbA1c、GA、IGF-1单独预测新生儿不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.832、0.806、0.812,对新生儿不良妊娠结局均有一定预测价值(均P<0.05),且以3项联合检测(AUC=0.935)的预测价值优于单一指标(P<0.05)。结论 足月分娩GDM母亲新生儿脐血HbA1c、GA、IGF-1水平与新生儿不良妊娠结局存在相关性,其水平升高时更易出现新生儿不良妊娠结局,检测脐血HbA1c、GA、IGF-1水平对预测新生儿不良妊娠结局具有一定的价值。

多指标单独及联合检测对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的探讨糖化白蛋白(GA)、糖化血红蛋白(GHb,结果以HbA1c表示)、胱抑素及尿五蛋白[转铁蛋白(TRF)、α1微球蛋白(α_(1)-MG)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、β_(2)-微球蛋白(β_(2)-MG)、微量白蛋白(mAlb)]单独及联合检测对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。方法选取2020年9月至2022年9月医院收治的120例2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,根据是否合并早期糖尿病肾病分为早期糖尿病肾病组(41例)和单纯糖尿病组(79例)。比较两组GA、HbA1c、胱抑素及尿五蛋白水平,分析以上指标与早期糖尿病肾病的相关性,并绘制ROC曲线分析以上指标单独及联合检测对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。结果早期糖尿病肾病组的GA、HbA1c、胱抑素及尿五蛋白水平均高于单纯糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,GA、HbA1c、胱抑素及尿五蛋白水平与早期糖尿病肾病呈正相关(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,GA、HbA1c、胱抑素及尿五蛋白水平诊断早期糖尿病肾病的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.860、0.790、0.745、0.932、0.868、0.747、0.858、0.885,而联合检测的AUC为0.994。结论GA、HbA1c、胱抑素及尿五蛋白均对早期糖尿病肾病有一定的诊断价值,且联合检测的诊断准确性高于各指标单独检测。

糖化血红蛋白变异指数在评价老年2型糖尿病患者合并髋部骨折术后肺部感染的临床研究

目的探讨糖化血红蛋白变异指数(HGI)在评价老年2型糖尿病合并髋部骨折术后肺部感染的临床价值。方法收集2021年1月-2023年4月在同济大学附属上海市第四人民医院行手术治疗的142例老年2型糖尿病合并髋部骨折患者的临床资料,依据术后是否发生肺部感染分为肺部感染组和非肺部感染组,通过电子病历收集2组患者围术期临床资料并进行单因素分析,采用多因素Logistic回归分析术后肺部感染的相关因素。绘制受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析HGI对术后肺部感染的预测价值。结果与非肺部感染组比较,肺部感染组吸烟史比例高,糖尿病病程和卧床时间长,血清白蛋白水平低,术中出血量多,空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和HGI水平较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病病程、卧床时间、空腹血糖、HbA1c和HGI是髋关节术后肺部感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。血清白蛋白是保护性因素(P<0.05)。ROC分析显示,HGI预测术后肺部感染的曲线下面积(Area Under the Curv,AUC)为0.912,明显高于空腹血糖、HbA1c的0.654和0.817(Z=4.289,P<0.05),最佳截断值为0.52%,灵敏度和特异度分别为87.21%和85.79%,提示具有良好的诊断效能。以最佳截断值为切入点将患者分为2组,高HGI组中肺部感染发生率(36.11%)显著高于低HGI组(12.86%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高HGI的老年2型糖尿病合并髋部骨折患者术后发生肺部感染的风险越大,其预测术后肺部感染的价值优于空腹血糖和HbA1c等传统血糖指标,临床应当密切监测HGI的变化,以更好的用于术后肺部感染的风险评估。

放化疗前血红蛋白/血小板比值、C-反应蛋白/白蛋白比值与局部晚期鼻咽癌患者同步放化疗发生放射性骨坏死关系研究

目的:探讨放化疗前血红蛋白/血小板比值(HPR)、C-反应蛋白/白蛋白比值(CAR)与局部晚期鼻咽癌(LA-NPC)患者同步放化疗(CCRT)发生放射性骨坏死(ORN)的关系。方法:选取接受CCRT治疗的LA-NPC患者457例,CCRT前检测并计算HPR和CAR,CCRT后定期随访,统计ORN发生情况。根据是否发生ORN将患者分为ORN组(33例)和无ORN组(418例)。多因素Logistic回归分析LA-NPC患者CCRT后发生ORN的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析HPR和CAR对LA-NPC患者CCRT后发生ORN的预测价值。结果:457例患者失访6例,451例患者中33例发生ORN,ORN发生率为7.32%。ORN组TNM分期为ⅣA期、颅底侵犯、CCRT前或后拔牙、既往有牙科疾病、口腔卫生状况不佳比例高于无ORN组(均P<0.05)。ORN组HPR低于无ORN组,CAR高于无ORN组(均P<0.05)。CCRT前或后拔牙、口腔卫生状况、CAR及HPR是LA-NPC患者CCRT后发生ORN的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。HPR和CAR两者联合预测LA-NPC患者CCRT后发生ORN的AUC高于两者单独预测AUC(均P<0.05)。结论:CCRT后发生ORN的LA-NPC患者CCRT前HPR降低,CAR增高,两者与LA-NPC患者CCRT后发生ORN有关,对CCRT后ORN发生具有一定预测价值。

C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值、血管生成素-2、晚期糖基化终末产物受体与碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌科细菌感染患者病情转归的相关性及意义

目的探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)与白蛋白(ALB)比值(CRP/ALB)、血管生成素-2(Ang-2)、晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)与碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)感染患者病情转归的相关性及意义。方法选择2020年1月至2023年5月陕西省森林工业职工医院收治的103例重症及长时间反复住院CRE感染患者为研究对象,根据患者28 d内转归不同分为转归不良组(n=23)和转归良好组(n=80)。通过查阅电子医疗记录系统收集患者的临床资料,包括:年龄、性别、体质量指数、病史、感染菌种、体温、是否行有创机械通气、是否合并感染性休克等。应用全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪检测患者血清CRP水平,应用全自动生化分析仪检测ALB水平,计算CRP/ALB;应用多功能酶标仪检测血清Ang-2、RAGE水平。比较2组患者临床资料及治疗前、治疗3 d和治疗7 d后CRP/ALB、Ang-2、RAGE水平,应用Cox回归分析CRE感染患者病情转归的相关影响因素,受试者操作特征曲线分析治疗前CRP/ALB、Ang-2、RAGE预测CRE感染患者病情转归价值,卡普兰-迈耶曲线(K-M)分析不同CRP/ALB、Ang-2、RAGE水平患者28 d的预后情况。结果转归不良组行有创机械通气、合并感染性休克患者占比显著高于转归良好组(P<0.05)。转归良好组患者治疗3 d和7 d后CRP/ALB、Ang-2、RAGE显著低于治疗前,且治疗7 d后较治疗3 d后显著降低(P<0.05);转归不良组患者各时间点CRP/ALB、Ang-2、RAGE比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗3、7 d后,转归不良组患者CRP/ALB、Ang-2、RAGE显著高于转归良好组(P<0.05)。行有创机械通气、合并感染性休克、CRP/ALB升高、Ang-2升高、RAGE升高是影响CRE病情转归的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。治疗7 d后CRP/ALB+Ang-2+RAGE预测病情转归的曲线下曲积最大(0.931),敏感度为86.96%,特异度为88.75%。CRP/ALB、Ang-2、RAGE高表达组患者生存率显著低于低表达组(P<0.05)。结论CRP/ALB、Ang-2、RAGE与CRE感染患者病情转归有关,联合检测可作为患者病情转归的一个早期预测方案,为临床分层管理提供精准量化的指导信息。

糖化血红蛋白联合尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值对早期糖尿病肾病的预测价值探讨

目的探讨早期糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)患者应用尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(albumin-to-creatinine ratio,ACR)联合糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)的预测价值。方法回顾性选取天津市黄河医院于2022年3月—2024年3月收治的115例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,根据是否发生肾病分为两组,其中早期DN患者为DN组(36例),单纯糖尿病患者为糖尿病组(79例)。分析两组患者基本资料及外周血HbA1c、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平与尿ACR水平,早期DN患者的危险因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选,分析早期DN患者应用尿ACR、外周血HbA1c单一及联合检测的诊断价值。结果DN组尿ACR、外周血HbA1c水平高于糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,尿ACR≥30μg/mg、外周血HbA1c≥6%为早期DN患者的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。尿ACR、外周血HbA1c联合检测的AUC高于外周血HbA1c、尿ACR单一检测。结论早期DN患者应用ACR、HbA1c联合检测的诊断价值较高,可用于临床诊断。

糖尿病肾病患者开展血糖与糖化血红蛋白、白蛋白/肌酐比值、肾小球滤过率检验的诊断价值探讨

目的探究糖尿病肾病患者开展生化检验的的诊断价值。方法选取2022年4月—2024年3月泰州市中西医结合医院收治的68例疑似糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象,所有患者均进行血糖与糖化血红蛋白、白蛋白/肌酐比值、肾小球滤过率检测,以肾脏活检为金标准,比较不同指标联合方案(A联合方案:血糖与糖化血红蛋白联合白蛋白/肌酐比值;B联合方案:血糖与糖化血红蛋白联合肾小球滤过率;C联合方案:4项指标联合)的诊断效能(准确度、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值)。结果C联合方案诊断出阳性60例,阴性8例。C联合方案诊断的灵敏度、准确度、阴性预测值均高于A联合方案和B联合方案,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论血糖与糖化血红蛋白、白蛋白/肌酐比值、肾小球滤过率联合检测可有效检出糖尿病肾病,为后续治疗提供科学依据。

妊娠期糖尿病检验中糖化血红蛋白的诊断价值

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)孕妇检验中糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemo⁃globin A1c,HbA1c)的诊断价值。方法选取2022年1月—2023年12月漳州市第三医院收治的100例疑似GDM孕妇为研究对象,所有患者均采取HbA1c、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)检验,以口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)作为金标准,对比不同检验方法的诊断结果和诊断效能。结果疑似GDM患者中,经OGTT诊断出阳性88例,阴性12例;HbA1c检验检出阳性77例,FPG检验检出阳性53例。HbA1c检验与FPG检验的特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。HbA1c检验的灵敏度、准确度高于FPG检验,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论GDM孕妇检验中应用HbA1c检验能够反映血糖控制水平,诊断准确度较FPG检验更高,具有较高的诊断价值。

糖尿病患者应用血清C肽及糖化血红蛋白联合检测的诊断价值分析

目的分析血清C肽及糖化血红蛋白联合检测对糖尿病患者的诊断价值。方法选取2023年1—12月句容市人民医院收治的200例疑似糖尿病患者为研究对象,均检测C肽、糖化血红蛋白水平检测,以临床综合诊断结果作为金标准,分析C肽、糖化血红蛋白单独及联合检测的诊断结果、诊断效能。结果临床综合诊断阳性171例,阴性29例;C肽及糖化血红蛋白联合诊断真阳性170例,真阴性26例。联合检测的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度均高于单独指标检测,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论采用血清C肽及糖化血红蛋白联合检测糖尿病的诊断价值较高,对进一步诊断以及治疗具有借鉴意义。

HbA_(1)c结合神经肌电图在糖尿病周围神经病变早期诊断中的应用价值

目的研究糖化血红蛋白(HbA_(1)c)结合神经肌电图在糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)早期诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2022年1月至2023年1月我院收治的45例糖尿病合并DPN患者作为DPN组,选择同期收治的68例非DPN糖尿病患者作为NDPN组。比较两组患者的HbA_(1)c及神经肌电图,分析HbA_(1)c结合神经肌电图在DPN早期诊断中的价值。结果DPN组患者的HbA_(1)c水平显著高于NDPN组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。DPN组正中神经、腓总神经和尺神经的运动传导速度(MCV)与正中神经、腓浅神经和尺神经的感觉传导速度(SCV)均明显低于NDPN组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。HbA_(1)c诊断DPN的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.85,当HbA_(1)c在8.12%时,敏感度与特异度分别为89%、68%。各神经传导速度诊断DPN的AUC均>0.75,但单一指标的敏感度或特异度较低。HbA_(1)c联合各神经传导速度诊断DPN的敏感度和特异度分别为98%和94%(P<0.05)。结论HbA_(1)c联合神经肌电图在DPN的早期诊断中有极高的准确性和可靠性。