The Relationship between Dali Lord Worship Ritual Activity and Regional Landscape Architecture in China

The paper had introduced Lord Worship ritual activity unique to Bai Nationality and analyzed Dali landscape characteristics from the aspects of landscape pattern, architectural courtyard pattern and plants landscaping. In the perspective of surface, line and spot landscape architectures, Lord Worship ritual activity had been analyzed. It had revealed that the development of Lord Worship ritual activity was rooted in local landscape environment, and temple's site selection, square construction, activities' route selection and construction of forest land in front of residences were all based on landscape environment. After the analysis of the relationship between Lord Worship ritual activity and landscape places, it had opened a new thought for researches on religious activities and regional landscape. It could explore and recover some traditional folk cultures when environmental landscapes had been studied, so as to promote the inheritance of national culture.

Combining the Rule of Law with the Rule of Morality——General Secretary Xi Jinping's Important Discourse on the Relationship Between the Rule of Law and Rule by Virtue

Key points:Throughout the ages,rule of law has been an indispensable means of governing a state.However,as General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out,it is not enough to govern a state by the rule of law

A novel binary effective medium model to describe the prepeak stressstrain relationship of combined bodies of rock-like material and rock

Combined bodies of rock-like material and rock are widely encountered in geotechnical engineering,such as tunnels and mines.The existing theoretical models describing the stress-strain relationship of a combined body lack a binary feature.Based on effective medium theory,this paper presents the governing equation of the“elastic modulus”for combined and single bodies under triaxial compressive tests.A binary effective medium model is then established.Based on the compressive experiment of concretegranite combined bodies,the feasibility of determining the stress threshold based on crack axial strain is discussed,and the model is verified.The model is further extended to coal-rock combined bodies of more diverse types,and the variation laws of the compressive mechanical parameters are then discussed.The results show that the fitting accuracy of the model with the experimental curves of the concretegranite combined bodies and various types of coal-rock combined bodies are over 95%.The crack axial strain method can replace the crack volumetric strain method,which clarifies the physical meanings of the model parameters.The variation laws of matrix parameters and crack parameters are discussed in depth and are expected to be more widely used in geotechnical engineering.

A relationship between wave steepness and wave age for wind waves in deep water

Studying the relationship between wave steepness and wave age is important for describing wind wave growth with energy balance equation of significant waves. After invoking the dispersion rela- tion of surface gravity wave in deep water, a new relationship between wave steepness and wave age is revealed based on the “3/2-power law” (Toba, 1972), in which wave steepness is a function of wave age with a drag coefficient as a parameter. With a given wave age, a larger drag coefficient would lead to larger wave steepness. This could be interpreted as the result of interaction between wind and waves. Comparing with previous relationships, the newly proposed one is more consistent with observational data in field and laboratory.

“Li Sheng”and Folk Rituals: An Analysis of Folk Funeral Rituals from the Perspective of Jurisprudence

"Shen Zhong",namely the careful arrangement of one's funeral,stressed by traditional Chinese folk funeral ritual is,by nature,the combination of order and justice,procedure and regulation,and it can be included in the traditional laws for its normative features."Li Sheng",the intermediary of funeral ritual,acts as the interpreter and performer of ideas and customs of funeral rituals as well as the rule maker to some degree. By"Si Li",namely directing funeral rituals through verbal command,"Li Sheng"ritualizes and secularizes the rules and procedures of funeral rituals to regulate and control the folk society,thus fulfilling the aim of coordinating rights and obligations of behavioral agents as well as interpersonal relationship.During this process,a balance of value must be maintained between laws and customs.

Function S-rough sets and mining-discovery of rough law in systems

Function S-rough sets （function singular rough sets） is defined on a -function equivalence class [u]. Function S-rough sets is the extension form of S-rough sets. By using the function S-rough sets, this paper gives rough law generation model of a-function equivalence class, discussion on law mining and law discovery in systems, and application of law mining and law discovery in communication system. Function S-rough sets is a new theory and method in law mining research.

Exploring landslide erosion volume-area scaling relationships by slip depth using changes in DTMs for basin sediment volume estimation

Landslides produce large quantities of sediment deposits and reduce reservoir life. This study investigated landslides at the Shihmen Reservoir basin in Taiwan that were induced by Typhoon Sinlaku and Typhoon Jangmi in 2008. We formulate scaling relationships between landslide erosion volume and area and conclude that sediment budget can be estimated based on the easier-todetermine landslide erosion area. The methodologies applied for the investigation were geomorphological analysis through 5 m × 5 m digital terrain models(DTMs) of the basin created before and after the landslide events and spatial analysis through a geographic information system. The erosion area and volume of landslides were measured through the subtraction of DTMs produced before and after the events. Statistical analysis revealed that the landslide erosion frequency–magnitude distribution exhibited power-law behaviors with a scaling exponent of 2.15 for the frequency–area distribution and 1.66 for the frequency–volume distribution. This paper proposes different scaling relationships for different moving depths, and landslide erosion volumes were estimated on the basis of depth; thus, landslides of different scales can be distinguished to avoid errors in volume estimation. Two different scaling exponents are proposed: 1.21 for landslide erosions with depths of less than 2 m and 1.01 for landslide erosions with depths of more than 2 m. The proposed scaling relationships are practical for landslide erosion volume estimation by different depths according to the landslide area, and they can provide preliminary results for sediment budget planning in a reservoir basin.

法律调整视角下产教融合制度的执法与救济

产教融合作为一种具体的社会关系,是促进产业部门与教育部门深度对接和合作过程中,以提高技术技能人才质量为目的,形成的政府、行业、企业、学校之间的权利义务关系,客观上能为法律所调整。产教融合作为一种教育法律关系,教育行为(育人行为)作为产教融合关系的客体符合教育法律关系客体的特殊性本质特征,产教融合关系的复杂性符合教育法律关系的综合性特征,产教融合关系内容的权利义务集中体现产教融合教育关系的法律化,产教融合是反映职业教育规律的社会关系。为克服教育执法弱化的软肋,产教融合执法需实现主体专门化、程序固定化、结果公开化和监督主体多元化。要解决职业教育法律“软化”问题,其路径在于建立申诉制度以保障企业和学校的申诉权,以及明晰法律救济的具体程序,以保障学校和企业等主体的权益。

1990-2020年长三角地区生境质量与夜间灯光的空间关系

基于1990-2020年长三角地区的土地利用数据和夜间灯光数据,运用InVEST生境质量评估模型、双变量空间自相关、相关系数对生境质量与夜间灯光的时空关系进行研究,并应用地理加权回归和归纳法分析两者的响应规律,结果表明:(1)浙江省总体上生境最优且城镇发展最快,安徽省在城镇快速发展的同时生境相对下降最少,生境质量和夜间灯光空间分布格局呈现出与区位、地形等因素的空间耦合性。(2)长三角地区生境质量与夜间灯光指数随着时间的发展空间上的依赖性越来越强,聚类模式主要为高-低、低-高及低-低3种。高-低聚类区域主要分布在浙江省和安徽省的南部、西部的山地丘陵,研究期内呈现缩小的趋势;低-高聚类区域在长三角东部平原区呈集聚分布、北部平原丘陵区呈零散分布,呈现扩张趋势。(3)不同年份各省份生境质量与夜间灯光指数呈显著负相关,且经济越发达的省份,生境质量与夜间灯光指数的负相关关系越强;生境质量与夜间灯光指数呈高度负相关的区县主要分布在长江下游沿岸和浙江省东部,相关性不显著的区县主要分布在安徽省、江苏省的北部,变化类型以负相关关系持续增强型占比最高。(4)生境质量与夜间灯光指数的相关关系随着城市发展呈U型变化,即随着城市发展,生境质量与夜间灯光指数的负相关关系先增强后下降。研究结果可为长三角城市可持续发展、生境调控提供前期基础。

典章制度文献:我国古代音乐历史演变的丰盈载体--中国音乐史学问题思索之九

在我国古代社会,典章中的礼乐制度分“礼”和“乐”两部分。礼,主要对人的身份进行划分和社会规范,最终形成等级制度;乐,是基于礼的等级制度,运用音乐进行缓解社会矛盾。由于历代统治者对“礼乐”的推崇,在我国悠久的历史中,留存了大量的、具有音乐信息或与音乐有关典章制度的文献。文章论及与中国古代音乐史研究有关的历代礼制文献中的“礼乐”文献、典章制度中的音乐文献、会要类书等著作中有关的礼乐文献。这些文献呈现出广博浩繁的史料特征,对探索古代音乐历史事件产生、延展到衰亡的真谛,起到决定性的作用。

中国传统文化中德法关系的历史逻辑及现代反思

在中国传统文化发展历程中,道德与法律的关系(简称德法关系)经历了三个阶段:第一阶段是夏商周时期,特别是西周时期,这一时期,德和法统一于“礼”。西周文化就是“礼乐文化”。第二阶段是春秋战国到秦汉,特别是战国时期,“礼崩乐坏”,天下大乱,诸侯争霸,德法之争、王霸之争不仅出现在思想领域,也应用于政治军事实践中。这一时期是德法分离时期。第三阶段孕育于汉朝、魏晋南北朝至明清时期,通过“引礼入法”“阳儒阴法”及儒生涉政后以儒释法等途径,法律道德化、道德法律化,形成了长达一千多年的德法统一的主流文化。中国传统文化中德法关系的合理性包括:其一,“礼法并用”“德主刑辅”维护社会长治久安。其二,“敬德保民”“明德慎罚”体现了中国传统德法文化的人文性质。其三,“子帅以正”“为政以德”的政治道德观,强调从政者的道德素养是政治和法律的基础。中国传统文化中德法关系的历史局限性包括:其一,维护宗法等级制度的礼治(礼德法混合)文化阻碍了“法律面前人人平等”。其二,君权神授、“三纲五常”阻碍了法治的民主化。其三,道德法律化和法律道德化阻碍了法律和法治的独立发展。

论马克思法哲学的基础

长期以来流传甚广但迄今为止尚未解决的一道难题是对马克思法哲学基础的原则性错解。这一错解不仅在理论上造成了对马克思重要经典思想的错解,而且在实践中对我国社会主义法制建设产生了诸多不利的影响。这一误解认为马克思把法和法律看成是统治阶级意志的产物。这一误解会给人一种错觉,以为法制不过是权力和意志的附庸、工具和手段。然而马克思认为,无论是主张法律是权力的表现还是认为法律是意志的表现都是错误的;本质上,法律既与权力无关也与意志无关,而只与生产力和生产的经济条件有关。经济条件与生产力构成一种可以用自然科学精确性指明的平衡关系,而法和法律与生产力和经济条件在此平衡的基础上构成一种不平衡关系。政制的特点表现为强力和及时,法制则具有长效和稳定的特点。社会主义国家比资本主义国家有更长远的规划,因此比资本主义国家更需要建立健全法制建设,习近平总书记关于全过程人民民主的重要论述对此有重要的指导作用。

数据抓取行为的正当性判断——反思实质性替代规则

实质性替代规则经过十余年的发展,已经成为判断数据抓取行为是否正当的基本规则之一。但是,这一从司法审判经验中发展出来的规则具有误导性,特别是该规则经过抽象而进入到各种规范性文件中时,这一问题尤其显著。实质性替代规则本质上是对同业竞争、直接竞争关系的强调,这不仅和反不正当竞争法弱化竞争关系的趋势相悖,也没有对行为的正当性有充分说明。实际上,数据抓取行为的本质是对他人成果的利用,在肯定可以适当抓取的前提下,正当性的基础应当以是否超越合理限度为标准;这需要在个案中进行判断,充分考虑抓取数据的数量、数据类型以及抓取行为造成的运维成本等因素。

新职业教育法的法律地位及其实践指导意义

新职业教育法是我国职业教育高质量发展的专门法、基本法与引领法。新职业教育法与教育法的关系为下位法与上位法的关系以及特别法与一般法的关系;新职业教育法与劳动法相关性明显削弱,其与劳动法既非上下位法律关系,也非特别法与一般法的关系;新职业教育法与高等教育法在高等职业教育方面、与教师法在师资主体方面、与民办教育促进法在民办职业教育方面均存在交叉重合,与这三部法律的关系均属于特别法与一般法的关系。认识和把握新职业教育法的法律属性及其与相关法律的关系,对于全面理解我国教育法规体系、推进现代职业教育高质量发展有重要意义。

新时代“枫桥经验”视域下基层综合执法改革的结构张力与路径建构

基层综合执法改革是国家治理现代化的重要环节。近年来,执法重心下移和执法权下沉有效缓解了基层繁重治理任务与有限执法权力之间的实践困境。然而,执法权下沉并不必然转化为执法效能,二者中间存在复杂权变因素。破解基层执法难题可以从“枫桥经验”中寻找答案。“枫桥经验”随着时代变迁不断丰富发展,体现了中国特色的基层治理智慧。将新时代“枫桥经验”推广到基层综合执法改革中,就是要在自上而下的党政统合、由内而外的价值引导、从外到里的数字技术支持、全面兜底的制度支撑下构建边界清晰、结构稳固的“执法共同体”,建立健全系统性、一体化的基层执法体制机制。

法典时代婚姻登记瑕疵案件审理制度的重构

我国传统婚姻登记制度属于公法强制型制度,通过行政诉讼审理婚姻登记瑕疵案件的制度设计并无不妥,而现行婚姻登记制度属于私法自治型制度,婚姻登记机关职权范围、婚姻登记与婚姻之间关系均有所调整,婚姻登记瑕疵案件审理制度也应当相应调整。涉及婚姻关系效力的婚姻登记瑕疵案件,当事人应当提起民事诉讼,先行处理婚姻关系效力问题;若是不涉及婚姻关系效力的程序瑕疵案件,当事人可直接请求婚姻登记机关先行处理。若是当事人提供虚假材料的婚姻登记瑕疵案件,另一方当事人应当先行要求婚姻登记机关处理,在婚姻登记机关不履行职责的情形下,再行提起行政复议或者是向法院提起诉讼。

法定犯时代的刑法解释——兼论法秩序统一原则与刑法独立性

中国刑法已经进入法定犯时代。法定犯是指同时具有行政违法性和刑事违法性,且构成要件必须依托行政法规具体规范内容进行判断的犯罪。法秩序统一原则要求法定犯构成要件要素解释必须与行政法规在基本精神和终极价值上协调一致、互不冲突;刑法独立性要求法定犯的构成要件要素保持相对独立的解释立场。法定犯的双重违法属性要求,在解释构成要件时,首先必须对不法类型进行同质性审查。不法类型绝对同质性情形下,行政法规规制目的排斥对法定犯构成要件要素进行文义解释的,刑法应进行限制解释;在超法规的角度,当行政归责属于立法拟制或推定的积极归责时,要防止以“仅有量的区别”为判断标准,直接将行政责任以作为法定犯认定的根据。

宽体飞机地面主轮协同转弯控制律设计

主轮协同转弯技术能有效提高飞机的地面机动性,降低主起落架在转弯过程中受到的附加侧向扭矩,减小重载飞机地面转弯半径,但目前实现此技术的前主轮转角控制律设计方法尚不明确。提出以主起落架受力为约束条件,计算不同滑行速度下的前主轮转角关系,在全速度范围内进行分段选择并离散化,据此设计前主轮协同转弯控制律,以原理样机为对象进行仿真分析,验证了该控制律能有效降低两侧主起落架扭矩和的峰值。提出的设计方法对多轮系地面运载装备的复合转弯控制律设计具有一定的理论指导意义。

互动仪式链视角下博士生与导师的互动类型及其转化

博士生与导师的互动关系是影响博士生成长的关键要素。要实现博士生培养的目标,博士生与导师之间需要建立稳定、健康、双向的互动关系。主体在场、共同焦点、情感共享、空间界限是互动仪式链建立的基本条件,其中共同关注和情感能量是互动仪式链建立的核心要素。基于对16名博士生访谈资料的编码发现,互动内容和互动情感对导生互动状态具有显著影响。拟合互动仪式链建构的核心要素发现,博士生与导师的互动类型有“高关注—强情感”的双边对话型、“低关注—强情感”的相顾无言型、“低关注—弱情感”的互不干涉型、“高关注—弱情感”的雇佣从属型4种。除双边对话型外,其他3种互动类型容易对博士生与导师的关系产生负面影响。互动仪式链理论视角下消极的导生互动类型的形成主要缘于博士生与导师的主体身心退场,瓦解了主体际遇情境;共同目标缺失,主体互动内容出现分歧;导生回应反馈不足,导致情感共享失衡;导生互动时空缺失,对外界限模糊。转化消极导生互动类型的举措包括:创新多元互动方式,促进导生身心回归;促进主体对话交融,激发导生情感能量;达成共享目标愿景,实现导生互动双赢;共建良性师门文化,打造群体记忆符号。

论少年法律关系

随着少年法的发展,其法律规范的数量不断增加,其法律规范的体系逐渐成型,少年法律关系理论亟待发掘和建构,以适应少年法治的系统集约化转型的发展需要。少年法的特殊性决定了少年法律关系的特殊性。少年法律关系是少年法的规范基因。少年法律关系包括少年福利法律关系、少年保护法律关系和少年越轨法律关系等基本内容。少年法律关系具有主体结构的三元性、主体地位的非平等性、关系结构的层次性、权利义务的非对等性和基本宗旨的归一性。少年法律关系与刑事、民事、行政等部门法律关系之间具有属性上的本质区别,具有其独立属性。少年法律关系理论是少年法学的理论基石,其确立预示着少年法学理论的部门化、少年法律体系的法典化以及少年法治的系统集约化的转型发展时代到来,意义重大。