A Note on the Relationship Between Temperature and Water Vapor over Oceans, Including Sea Surface Temperature Effects

An ideal and simple formulation is successfully derived that well represents a quasi-linear relationship found between the domain-averaged water vapor, Q （ram）, and temperature, T （K）, fields for the three tropical oceans （i.e., the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans） based on eleven GEOS-3 [Goddard Earth Observing System （EOS） Version-3] global re-analysis monthly products. A Q - T distribution analysis is also performed for the tropical and extra-tropical regions based on in-situ sounding data and numerical simulations [GEOS-3 and the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble （GCE） model]. A similar positively correlated Q - T distribution is found over the entire oceanic and tropical regions; however, Q increases faster with T for the former region. It is suspected that the tropical oceans may possess a moister boundary layer than the Tropics. The oceanic regime falls within the lower bound of the tropical regime embedded in a global, curvilinear Q - T relationship. A positive correlation is also found between T and sea surface temperature （SST）; however, for one degree of increase in T, SST is found to increase 1.1 degrees for a warmer ocean, which is slightly less than an increase of 1.25 degrees for a colder ocean. This seemingly indicates that more （less） heat is needed for an open ocean to maintain an air mass above it with a same degree of temperature rise during a colder （warmer） season [or in a colder （warmer） region]. Q and SST are also found to be positively correlated. Relative humidity （RH） exhibits similar behaviors for oceanic and tropical regions. RH increases with increasing SST and T over oceans, while it increases with increasing T in the Tropics. RH, however, decreases with increasing temperature in the extratropics. It is suspected that the tropical and oceanic regions may possess a moister local boundary layer than the extratropics so that a faster moisture increase than a saturated moisture increase is favored for the former regions. T, Q, saturated water vapor, RH, and SST are also examined with regard to the warm and cold ＂seasons＂ over individual oceans. The Indian Ocean warm season dominates in each of the five quantities, while the Atlantic Ocean cold season has the lowest values in most categories. The higher values for the Indian Ocean may be due to its relatively high percentage of tropical coverage compared to the other two oceans. However, Q is found to increase faster for colder months from individual oceans, which differs from the general finding in the global Q - T relationship that Q increases slower for a colder climate. The modified relationship may be attributed to a possible seasonal （warm and cold） variability in boundary layer depth over oceans, or to the small sample size used in each individual oceanic group.

THE RELATION BETWEEN CHRONIC HBsAg CARRIER STATE AND GENETIC FACTOR

HBsAg positive families including 375 indiduals were investigated in genetic epidemiology.The results showed the HBsAg carrier rate of the blood relatives was significantly higherthan that of the non-blood relatives(P<0.01).The HBsAg carrier rate decreased with the degreeof relatives,that is,the HBsAg carrier rate of the lst degree relatives was higher than that of the 2nddegree relatives and the HBsAg carrier rate or the 2nd degree relatives wus higher than that of the3rd degree relatives(P<0.01).The HBsAg carrier rate of the individuals living together with theprobands was higher than that of those living apart (P<0.01).But the other two marker of HBVinfectivity,anti-HBs and anti-HBc didn't show significant difference mentioned above.The resultsanalysed by means of Logistic Regression model showed blood relationship played an important rolein HBsAg carrier state.In addition,the history of common environment was associated with HBsAgcarrier state.The average of heritability in the 1st,2nd,3rd degree relatives was 88.80%.Analysis.of genetic model showed HBsAg carrier saute corresponded to the ckaracteristic of multifactorial genetic disease,excluding the possibility of single gene genetic disease.

Global Communications and Changing Perspectives:The World as a World Society

In this paper we will analyze the world as a world society.Our assumption is that,thanks to global communications,the world has become a unique social field.Therefore,it is necessary to make an analysis of the changes that have occurred in the society-state relationship.In the contemporary understanding,societies are constituted as relatively closed,self-referential systems,in which the world of life is framed by the borders of national states.Intensifying and extending the communication process has relativized the boundaries of such closed systems,creating an opportunity for the establishment of a world society.However,the practical political(infra)structure is still fixed on old patterns and,objectively,lags behind this change,creating a legitimacy deficit in the political field.So it is necessary to look at the world from a new perspective.

Problems and Countermeasures of Taihu Port Farm in Jingzhou City after Function Reform of Running the Society

Deepening function reform of running the society of state-owned farm is an important strategic plan made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council,and is also ' hard bone' bitten by fully implementing the strategy of rural revitalization and promoting the modernization of agriculture and countryside. In this paper,the problems of Taihu Port Farm in Jingzhou City after function reform of running the society are systematically and comprehensively analyzed via field research,and corresponding countermeasures are proposed. The research could provide beneficial reference and experience reference for deepening function reform of running the society of current state-owned farm.

QSAR Study of the Action Strength of DOM of Phenyl-isopropyl-amine Dopes Using MLR and BP-ANN

Based on Hall et al. electrotopological state indices（EK） of atom types, two quantitative structure-activity relationship（QSAR） models were developed to estimate and predict the action strength（W） of D（OM）（dimethoxy-methyl-amphetamine） for 18 phenyl-isopropyl-amine dopes（PPAD） through linear method（multiple linear regression, MLR） and non-linear method（Back propagation artificial neural network, BP-ANN）. On the basis of EK, the optimal three-parameter（E14, E9, E7） QSAR model of W for 18 PPAD was constructed. The traditional correlation coefficient（R^2） and cross-validation correlation coefficient（Rcv^2） are 0.878 and 0.815, respectively. The result demonstrates that the model is highly reliable（from the point of view of statistics） and has good predictive ability by using R^2, Rcv^2, VIF, FIT, AIC and F tests. Form the three parameters of the model, it is known that the dominant influence factors of inhibited activity are the molecular structure fragments： =CH–（secondary carbon）, =C〈（tertiary carbon atom） in aromatic ring and –O–（phenol ether bond）. The results showed that the structure parameters E14, E9 and E7 have good rationality and efficiency for the W of phenyl-isopropyl-amine dope（PPAD） analogues. A BP-ANN with 3-3-1 architecture was generated by using three electrotopological state index descriptors（E14, E9, E7） appearing in the MLR model, the above descriptors were inputs and its output was action strength（W）. The nonlinear BP-ANN model has better predictive ability compared to the linear MLR model with R^2 and Rcv^2 of leave-one-out（LOO） to be 0.995 and 0.994, respectively. The regression method gave support to the neural network with physical explanation, which offers a more accurate model for QSAR. Those models can be used in the rational design of higher stimulating extent PPAD, which provide meaningful reference information to improve the detection methods of PPAD.

Physico-Chemical Soil Properties and Their Correlations with Maize and Cassava Production in Ebonyi, Nigeria

This study analyzed relationships between soil properties and food crop production in Ebonyi State of southeast Nigeria. Free survey was conducted after three zones (Agbaja, Akaeze and Ikwo) in the state were purposely selected for representation of the soil sampling. Two types of sampling were conducted;Auger sampling at 0 - 20 and 20 - 40 cm depths and soil profile sampling. Annual crop yield data on maize and cassava for the state from 1988 to 2017 were collected from Agriculture Development Program. Variations in properties among soil horizons were obtained using coefficient of variations while soil parameters were regressed against crop yields to establish their relationships. Results showed that fine sand, total sand, bulk density, total porosity, soil pH, and available phosphorus significantly (p = 0.05) differ from 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm depths. Also, cassava yield correlated negatively with base saturation, and organic matter at 0.05 probability level;with exchangeable Ca and Na at 0.01 probabilities level but correlated positively with bulk density and available water capacity at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively. Similarly, maize yield correlated negatively with available phosphorus and total nitrogen at 0.05 probability level;and with total porosity and exchangeable Ca at 0.01 probability level;and then correlated positively with available water capacity, and bulk density, at 0.01 probability level;with coarse sand at 0.05 probability level. However, soils of Ebonyi State are fertile but some of the chemical properties are still low, therefore, it is paramount to improve the quality of the soil to achieve improved food security in the state.

Robot and its living space:A roadmap for robot development based on the view of living space

Robot’s living space Human-robot relationship Robot humanization Hybrid intelligence Human-robot integrated society Robots,as the creation of humans,became an irreplaceable component in human society.With the advancement of technologies,robots have become more and more intelligent and have been widely used in many fields,such as disease diagnosis,customer services,healthcare for the older people,and so on.As robots made our lives much more convenient than ever before,they also brought many potential risks and challenges in technology,security,and ethic.To better understand the development of robots,we proposed a concept of a robot’s living space and analyzed the role of robots in our society.In this paper,we focus on setting a theoretical framework of the robot’s living space to further understand the human-robot relationship.The research in this paper contains three central aspects.First,we interpret the concept of the robot’s living space and the functions of each space.Second,we analyze and summarize the relative technologies which support robots living well in each space.Finally,we provide advice and improvement measures based on a discussion of potential problems caused by the developments of robots.With the trend of robots humanization and human-robot society integration,we should seriously consider how to collaborate with intelligent robots to achieve hybrid intelligence.To build a harmonious human-robot integrated society,studying the robot’s living space and its relationship with humans is the prerequisite and roadmap.

Religion,Rationality,and Democracy:Is There Still a Place for Religion in the Public Sphere?

The article intends to point out affinities in the positions of Jürgen Habermas and Terry Eagleton on the relationship between religion and politics in contemporary world,demonstrating that the recognition of the limitations of human rationality leads both of them to criticize the Enlightenment pretension to suppress any religious viewpoints in the discussion of moral and political issues.It is argued that Habermas and Eagleton share the view that,outside the domain of private beliefs,there would be a horizon in which the aspirations towards the world could converge and a dialogue could be possible not only among religious cultures,but also between these and the secular thought.Such a dialogue could be a contribution to creating a democratic public space consisting of religious and non-religious individuals,since both sides are committed to having a self-critical attitude,an openness to learn with the other and an inclination towards reciprocal understanding.

The mechanism of hydrogen abstraction by high valence transition metal oxo compounds

We present here a systematic theoretical study to explore the underlying mechanisms of the H abstraction reaction from methane. Various abstracting agents have been modeled, using oxygen radicals and a set of high valence metal oxo compounds. Our calculations demonstrate that although H abstraction from CH3-H by metal oxoes can be satisfactorily fitted into the Polanyi correlation on the basis of oxygen radicals, the mechanisms behind are significantly different. The frontier orbital analyses show that there are three electrons and three active orbitals (3e, 3o) involved in H abstraction by oxygen radicals; whereas an additional orbital of pi(M-O)* is involved in H abstraction by M = O, resulting in a (4e, 4o) interaction. In terms of valence bond state correlation diagram, we find that H abstraction by a metal oxo may benefit from the contribution of ionic resonance structures, which could compensate the penalty of opening the M-O pbond. We believe that these findings can help to design more effective catalysts for the activation of light alkanes. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B. V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ERA, HORIZONTAL EFFECT AND THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN ＂STATE＂ AND ＂SOCIETY＂ IN GERMAN AND EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY

The article discusses the proposal for a ＂Charter of Digital Fundamental Rights of the European Union,＂ whose central element is a binding effect of its fundamental rights not only to state authorities, but also to powerful private intemet companies, which have a potential similar to that of the state to infringe on fundamental rights in the digital era. The article outlines the traditional German approach to fundamental rights and its underlying distinction between state and society, which makes it difficult for German scholars to handle a so-called horizontal effect of fundamental rights. Finally, the article discusses the main objections to such a horizontal effect and shows some practical problems it has the potential to cause in German and European constitutional law.

老年人数字鸿沟的弥合:家庭代际关系的信息功能及其实现

功能运行良好的家庭可以在一定程度上应对社会不平等及福利制度不足带来的负面影响。在信息社会和老龄社会叠加的背景下,由于信息技术不平等和数字鸿沟的阻隔,年长一代的信息权力被弱化甚至遭到剥夺。面对功能复杂的智能设备,老年人获取信息的第一步便被阻断,设备接入后的信息获取、解码与辨别更是老年人面临的难题,而家庭代际支持在帮助老年人克服数字鸿沟和融入信息社会方面发挥着重要作用。研究基于对19位60岁及以上老年人的访谈,结果发现老年人面临的数字鸿沟受到主观和客观两方面因素的影响,主观上的强风险意识与低学习意愿及客观上的设备复杂程度都加深了数字鸿沟;子辈则通过设备操作的教学与替代、信息的分享与解码等帮助老年人弥合数字鸿沟,体现了信息社会中家庭代际关系的新福利功能。

新时代我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革的几点思考

为更好适应新时代社会主要矛盾变化,建构我国竞技体育发展新格局,采用文献资料法和访谈法对我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革问题进行分析。认为,我国竞技体育发展中强政府、弱社会的发展惯性仍需进一步打破,社会自组织的发展能力有待提高,政府管理的角色和职能亟需转变。新时代我国竞技体育发展需重视政社关系改革,从强政府、弱社会转变为强政府、大社会发展格局,政府引导社会力量有序发展,并与社会力量合作构建多元治理机制。具体包括:深化“放管服”改革,竞技体育“举国体制”继续做减法;社会力量加强自身建设,在更多领域发挥更大作用;依据经济发展的阶段性特征,有针对性地扶持社会力量成长;根据参与类别,对社会力量发展提供差异化的帮扶;做好市场监管,引导、规范社会力量成长;积极推进政府元治理、行业自治和多元共治。

乡村振兴中国家与农民关系的社会化调适

乡村振兴战略实施中的政策实践,指向了社会学持续关注的国家与农民关系问题。公共资源下乡中国家与农民之间的互动不仅在器物和组织两个层面展开,还集中体现在价值层面。在乡村振兴的积极案例中,国家与农民关系的新形态表现为器物层面上国家资源与社会需求的有效对接,组织层面上社会动员能力的提升,价值层面上农民国家认同感的强化。国家输入的公共资源只有以高度社会化的方式与农民互动时,农民才可能按照特定的行动逻辑将“国家”内化于心,国家权力才算实现了社会合法性的确认和再生产。为了实现国家与农民关系的社会化调适,社会治理公共性的建设不应停留于权力运作的策略层面。国家应充分发掘、激活蕴藏于乡村社会中的本土资源,将自上而下输入的公共资源转化为推动乡村社会开展自主建设的内生要素。如此,公共资源的下乡才能在推动乡村振兴的过程中,促成国家濡化能力在基层的再造,实现现代国家在社会中的扎根和成长。

知识状态集合准确界定的意义

教育认知诊断基于被试的作答反应估计其知识状态从而进行分类.尽管给定属性及其层级关系,其知识状态集合是唯一的,但对此并未形成共识.如有的软件包认为同一属性层级关系可对应2种不同的知识状态集合;有的研究仅仅给出属性及其层级关系的知识状态集合的真子集.针对这些情况,该文从理论上和应用上进行了分析,并给出修正的建议.

消费与社会责任:一个关于利益与道德的二元对立困境及其出路探究

现代消费领域中出现的关于利益与道德之间的二元对立困境,反映了现代消费社会背景下形成的对消费的一种经济主义偏见。消费是涉及商品化和去商品化过程的复杂社会活动,始终是利益与道德的结合体。企业、消费者和国家作为消费道德性的三大来源,在社会责任消费的形成与发展中发挥着各自相应的作用。西方社会中基于市场原理驱动并聚焦企业和消费者之间互动响应的社会责任消费发展模式,因其内含自相矛盾的一面而容易被“商业主义”收编而事与愿违。基于此,关注国家在推动社会责任消费中的作用,对于具有“强国家”传统的我国而言,不失为值得期待的另一种可能性。

经济社会与生态用水平衡计算规则与方法

从平衡的概念出发,针对经济社会与生态用水竞争问题,提出了经济社会与生态用水平衡的概念,并论述了其内涵及特性;构建了经济社会与生态用水平衡计算规则框架,包括遵循四大规律、基于六大理论、考虑六大因素、符合三大准则;提出了经济社会与生态用水平衡的计算思路,包括资料处理、量化计算、结果检验3个步骤,并给出了其计算方法和计算结果表征方式。以2019年沁河流域为例,量化了流域经济社会与生态用水平衡;在求解一次平衡点以及经济社会用水刚性约束、生态用水刚性约束、综合效益刚性约束条件下平衡结果的基础上,综合考虑六大因素以及总需水量与水资源总量关系,确定了沁河流域经济社会与生态用水平衡点,即经济社会用水与生态用水的比例为0.71∶0.29。