Background:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of activating blood and resolving stasis in patients with IgA nephropathy.Methods:From inception to May 2022,databases including PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane...Background:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of activating blood and resolving stasis in patients with IgA nephropathy.Methods:From inception to May 2022,databases including PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,WanFang database,Chinese Biomedical Database,VIP,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for randomized controlled trials about enhancing blood circulation and removing stasis for IgA nephropathy.For the articles that satisfied the requirements,quality assessment and meta-analysis were done.Results:Seventeen randomized controlled trials with a total of 1653 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that activating blood and resolving stasis could increase therapeutic effectiveness(risk ratio(RR)=-0.47,95%confidence interval(CI)(-0.37,-0.2),P=0.0006)and decrease levels of serum creatinine(RR=-0.47,95%CI(-0.37,-0.2),P=0.0006),urea nitrogen(RR=0.85,95%CI(1.44,0.26),P=0.005),24-hour urinary protein quantification(RR=1.6,95%CI(2.44,0.95).P=0.00001),and urine red blood cell count(RR=1.7,95%CI(2.57,0.82),P=0.0001).There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of security(RR=0.6,95%CI(0.36,1.01),P=0.05).Conclusion:Western medicine combined activating blood and resolving stasis is more efficient than Western medicine therapy alone in treating IgA nephropathy,but it still needs to be supported by additional large-scale,multi-center randomized controlled clinical trials due to the poor quality of the included trials.展开更多
The doubly resolving sets are a natural tool to identify where diffusion occurs in a complicated network.Many realworld phenomena,such as rumour spreading on social networks,the spread of infectious diseases,and the s...The doubly resolving sets are a natural tool to identify where diffusion occurs in a complicated network.Many realworld phenomena,such as rumour spreading on social networks,the spread of infectious diseases,and the spread of the virus on the internet,may be modelled using information diffusion in networks.It is obviously impractical to monitor every node due to cost and overhead limits because there are too many nodes in the network,some of which may be unable or unwilling to send information about their state.As a result,the source localization problem is to find the number of nodes in the network that best explains the observed diffusion.This problem can be successfully solved by using its relationship with the well-studied related minimal doubly resolving set problem,which minimizes the number of observers required for accurate detection.This paper aims to investigate the minimal doubly resolving set for certain families of Toeplitz graph Tn(1,t),for t≥2 and n≥t+2.We come to the conclusion that for Tn(1,2),the metric and double metric dimensions are equal and for Tn(1,4),the double metric dimension is exactly one more than the metric dimension.Also,the double metric dimension for Tn(1,3)is equal to the metric dimension for n=5,6,7 and one greater than the metric dimension for n≥8.展开更多
Liver fibrosis is a necessary stage in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis.So far,no satisfactory drugs have been found to intervene in liver fibrosis.Liver microcirculation disorders are one of the ...Liver fibrosis is a necessary stage in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis.So far,no satisfactory drugs have been found to intervene in liver fibrosis.Liver microcirculation disorders are one of the important pathogenesis of chronic liver disease,and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells(HSECs)are the main cells that constitute the liver microcirculation barrier.In clinical practice,W-P bodies have been detected in HSECs of most patients with liver fibrosis.W-P bodies serve as a site for the synthesis and storage of vW factors,ET-1 and other cytokines that promote liver fibrosis.They can disrupt the structure and function of HSECs,cause liver microcirculation disorders,and exacerbate the progression of liver fibrosis.Previous studies have found that the Guangxi specialty ethnic medicine,C.kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang,has definite effects in promoting blood circulation,resolving blood stasis,and resisting liver fibrosis.Based on this,a further research idea has been derived,stating that the blood circulation-promoting,blood stasis-resolving,and anti-liver fibrosis effects of C.kwangsiensis are produced by affecting the formation of W-P bodies,the synthesis and storage of contents in W-P bodies,and intervening in their exocytosis capacity.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Big cats,such as Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Amur leopards(P.pardus orientalis),are apex predator and have evolved specialized traits for hunting and carnivory(Moya et al.,2022),thus playing a ...DEAR EDITOR,Big cats,such as Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Amur leopards(P.pardus orientalis),are apex predator and have evolved specialized traits for hunting and carnivory(Moya et al.,2022),thus playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity by regulating prey-predator dynamics.However,human-induced pressures,habitat fragmentation,and environmental alterations have restricted these species in small and isolated populations.Currently,all extant big cats are categorized as endangered or threatened according to their conservation status.Amur tigers and Amur leopards share overlapping geographic ranges,habitats,and certain prey species in the forests of Northeast Asia(Jiang et al.,2015).To reduce interspecies conflict,these carnivores exhibit differentiated dietary and temporal niches.Amur tigers predominantly prey on large ungulates,while Amur leopards hunt small to medium-sized animals(Sugimoto et al.,2016).Additionally,they occupy different temporal niches,with tigers being active at night and leopards more active during the day.Despite spatial and temporal niche partitioning,interspecific competition between these two species is inevitable.Tigers,benefiting from their greater size,have a competitive advantage over leopards,which can manifest in occasional leopard predation by tigers and declines in leopard populations with increasing tiger density(Jiang et al.,2015).Tigers also displace leopards from marginal habitats in nature reserves where they coexist.展开更多
The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in 2020.This multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X...The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in 2020.This multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering(USAXS),small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),wide-angle X-ray scattering,and microfocus SAXS(μSAXS)for a broad user community.To realize fast time-resolved USAXS experiments,the beamline adopted an in-vacuum undulator with a total length of 1.6 m as the photon source.An in-house cryogenic-cooled double multilayer monochromator was installed to deliver a photon flux of approximately 10^(13) photons/s at a photon energy of 10 keV.The three-year successful operation of this beamline demonstrated that the monochromator operated smoothly,as expected.BL10U1 has three end stations in succession:USAXS end station,μSAXS end station,and end station for industrial applications.The minimum scattering vector q~0.0042 nm^(-1) at 10 keV can be achieved at the USAXS end station equipped with a 28 m-long and 1.8 m-diameter vacuum flight tube.At theμSAXS end station,a beam spot of less than 10×8μm was achieved for micro-SAXS experiments.In contrast,in situ experimental instruments up to 5 m high and 8 m wide can be mounted at the industrial application end station,which offers industrial scientists the opportunity to use their large industrial equipment.BL10U1 opens up a new capability to investigate phenomena such as non-equilibrium and dynamic processes of materials with a wide length scale from angstroms to micrometers with millisecond time resolution.In this paper,we also report beamline design considerations and commissioning results.展开更多
Fluid-structure-particle interactions in three spatial dimensions happen in many environmental and engineering flows.This paper presents the parallel algorithms for the hybrid diffuse and sharp interface immersed boun...Fluid-structure-particle interactions in three spatial dimensions happen in many environmental and engineering flows.This paper presents the parallel algorithms for the hybrid diffuse and sharp interface immersed boundary(IB)method developed in our previous work.For the moving structure modeled using the sharp interface IB method,a recursive box method is developed for efficiently classifying the background grid nodes.For the particles modeled using the diffuse interface IB method,a‘master-slave’approach is adopted.For the particle-particle interaction(PPI)and particle-structure interaction(PSI),a fast algorithm for classifying the active and inactive Lagrangian points,which discretize the particle surface,is developed for the‘dry’contact approach.The results show that the proposed recursive box method can reduce the classifying time from 52seconds to 0.3 seconds.Acceptable parallel efficiency is obtained for cases with different particle concentrations.Furthermore,the lubrication model is utilized when a particle approaches a wall,enabling an accurate simulation of the rebounding phenomena in the benchmark particle-wall collision problem.At last,the capability of the proposed computational framework is demonstrated by simulating particle-laden turbulent channel flows with rough walls.展开更多
Water vapor, cloud, and surface rainfall budgets associated with the landfall of Typhoon Krosa on 6-8 October 2007 are analyzed based on a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is integrated with...Water vapor, cloud, and surface rainfall budgets associated with the landfall of Typhoon Krosa on 6-8 October 2007 are analyzed based on a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is integrated with imposed zonally-uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature, and vapor advection from NCEP/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data. The simulation data that are validated with observations are examined to study physical causes associated with surface rainfall processes during the landfall. The time- and domain-mean analysis shows that when Krosa approached the eastern coast of China on 6 October, the water vapor convergence over land caused a local atmospheric moistening and a net condensation that further produced surface rainfall and an increase of cloud hydrometeor concentration. Meanwhile, latent heating was balanced by advective cooling and a local atmospheric warming. One day later, the enhancement of net condensation led to an increase of surface rainfall and a local atmospheric drying, while the water vapor convergence weakened as a result of the landfall-induced deprivation of water vapor flux. At the same time, the latent heating is mainly compensated the advective cooling. Further weakening of vapor convergence on 8 October enhanced the local atmospheric drying while the net condensation and associated surface rainfall was maintained. The latent heating is balanced by advective cooling and a local atmospheric cooling.展开更多
Impacts of initial conditions on cloud-resolving model simulations are investigated using a series of sensitivity experiments. Five experiments with perturbed initial temperature, moisture, and cloud conditions are co...Impacts of initial conditions on cloud-resolving model simulations are investigated using a series of sensitivity experiments. Five experiments with perturbed initial temperature, moisture, and cloud conditions are conducted and compared to the control experiment. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity and zonal wind observed and derived from NCEP/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS). The results indicate that model predictions of rainfall are much more sensitive to the initial conditions than those of temperature and moisture. Further analyses of the surface rainfall equation and the moisture and cloud hydrometeor budgets reveal that the calculations of vapor condensation and deposition rates in the model account for the large sensitivities in rainfall simulations.展开更多
The detailed surface rainfall processes associated with landfalling typhoon Kaemi(2006) are investigated based on hourly data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is integrated for 6 days...The detailed surface rainfall processes associated with landfalling typhoon Kaemi(2006) are investigated based on hourly data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is integrated for 6 days with imposed large-scale vertical velocity,zonal wind,horizontal temperature and vapor advection from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) / Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data. The simulation data are validated with observations in terms of surface rain rate. The Root-Mean-Squared (RMS) difference in surface rain rate between the simulation and the gauge observations is 0.660 mm h-1,which is smaller than the standard deviations of both the simulated rain rate (0.753 mm h-1) and the observed rain rate (0.833 mm h-1). The simulation data are then used to study the physical causes associated with the detailed surface rainfall processes during the landfall. The results show that time averaged and model domain-mean Ps mainly comes from large-scale convergence ( QW VF) and local vapor loss (positive QW VT). Large underestimation (about 15%) of Ps will occur if QW VT and QC M(cloud source/sink) are not considered as contributors to Ps. QW VF accounts for the variation of Ps during most of the integration time,while it is not always a contributor to Ps. Sometimes surface rainfall could occur when divergence is dominant with local vapor loss to be a contributor to Ps. Surface rainfall is a result of multi-timescale interactions. QW VE possesses the longest time scale and the lowest frequency of variation with time and may exert impact on Ps on longer time scales. QW VF possesses the second longest time scale and lowest frequency and can explain most of the variation of Ps. QW VT and QC M possess shorter time scales and higher frequencies,which can explain more detailed variations in Ps. Partitioning analysis shows that stratiform rainfall is dominant from the morning of 26 July till the late night of 27 July. After that,convective rainfall dominates till about 1000 LST 28 July. Before 28 July,the variations of QW VTin rainfall-free regions contribute less to that of the domain-mean QW VT while after that they contribute much,which is consistent to the corresponding variations in their fractional coverage. The variations of QW VF in rainfall regions are the main contributors to that of the domain-mean QW VF,then the main contributors to the surface rain rate before the afternoon of 28 July.展开更多
Simulated regional precipitation, especially extreme precipitation events, and the regional hydrologic budgets over the western North Pacific region during the period from May to June 2008 were investigated with the h...Simulated regional precipitation, especially extreme precipitation events, and the regional hydrologic budgets over the western North Pacific region during the period from May to June 2008 were investigated with the high-resolution (4-km grid spacing) Weather Research and Forecast (WRF v3.2.1) model with explicit cloud microphysics. The model initial and boundary conditions were derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy (NCEP/DOE) Reanalysis 2 data. The model precipitation results were evaluated against the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42 product. The results show that the WRF simulations can reason- ably reproduce the spatial distributions of daily mean precipitation and rainy days. However, the simulated frequency distributions of rainy days showed an overestimation of light precipitation, an underestimation of moderate to heavy precipitation, but a good representation of extreme precipitation. The downscaling approach was able to add value to the very heavy precipitation over the ocean since the convective processes are resolved by the high-resolution cloud-resolving model. Moreover, the water vapor budget analysis indi- cates that heavy precipitation is contributed mostly by the stronger moisture convergence; whereas, in less convective periods, the precipitation is more influenced by the surface evaporation. The simulated water vapor budgets imply the importance in the tropical monsoon region of cloud microphysics that affects the precipitation, atmospheric latent heating and, subsequently, the large-scale circulation.展开更多
The reduction of wasteful variation within the supp ly chain is naturally suited to high and stable volumes, as epitomised in the lean practices of the automotive industry. However, with the growth of innovative pr od...The reduction of wasteful variation within the supp ly chain is naturally suited to high and stable volumes, as epitomised in the lean practices of the automotive industry. However, with the growth of innovative pr oducts, typically characterised by lower volumes and uncertain demand, it is als o important to develop strategies to effectively manage the externally imposed v ariation resulting from volatile market demand. Such strategies often come under the banner of quick response or agile supply. System variation is the common denominator, for whereas lean strategies emphasis e the need for stability and the reduction of wasteful supply chain variation, a gile emphasises the need to respond to externally imposed demand variation. Simi larly, lean supply is closely associated with level scheduling and investing in inventory to decouple demand variation from the supply chain, whereas, agile sup ply is associated with investing in responsive capacity as inventory requirement s cannot be effectively predicted. This distinction between lean and agile supply, highlights a trade-off between investing in responsive capacity and decoupling inventory, which is closely related to the conflicting manufacturing tasks of fast response and low cost. The implications of this conflict have been more widely felt in recent years, as companies have opted to outsource manufacture to low cost overseas suppliers. T he rationale is to reduce manufacturing costs, but the trade-off is a dramatic loss of responsive capacity with higher dependency on decoupling inventory. As with lean and agile supply, the trade-off implications of such choices need to be acknowledged, conceptually understood and then separate out or otherwise r esolved. This paper introduces the business need before exploring the significance of var iation and the concept of managing variation in a delivery system using responsi ve capacity and decoupling inventory. These concepts will then be used to unpack the lean and agile paradigms before applying the thinking to a more detailed in dustrial case concerning offshore supply decisions. The paper concludes with som e reflections.展开更多
Ventilation in the North Pacifi c is examined using data from the eddy-resolving 1/12° global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM) and Quik SCAT wind stress data. For the period January 2004 to December 2006 and ...Ventilation in the North Pacifi c is examined using data from the eddy-resolving 1/12° global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM) and Quik SCAT wind stress data. For the period January 2004 to December 2006 and area 20°–40°N, the total annual subduction rate is estimated at 79 Sv, and the obduction rate 41 Sv. Resolving the small-scale and high-frequency components of the eddy fi eld can increase the subduction rate by 42 Sv, and obduction by 31 Sv. Lateral induction is the dominant contributor to enhancement of subduction/obduction, and temporal change of mixed layer depth has a secondary role. Further analysis indicates that the high-frequency components of the eddy fi eld, especially those with timescale shorter than 10 days, are the most critical factor enhancing subduction/obduction.展开更多
Convective processes affect large-scale environments through cloud-radiation interaction, cloud micro- physical processes, and surface rainfall processes. Over the last three decades, cloud-resolving models (CRMs) h...Convective processes affect large-scale environments through cloud-radiation interaction, cloud micro- physical processes, and surface rainfall processes. Over the last three decades, cloud-resolving models (CRMs) have demonstrated to be capable of simulating convective-radiative responses to an imposed large-scale forcing. The CRM-produced cloud and radiative properties have been utilized to study the convective- related processes and their ensemble effects on large-scale circulations. This review the recent progress on the understanding of convective processes with the use of CRM simulations, including precipitation processes; cloud microphysical and radiative processes; dynamical processes; precipitation efficiency; diurnal variations of tropical oceanic convection; local-scale atmosphere-ocean coupling processes; and tropical convective-radiative equilibrium states. Two different ongoing applications of CRMs to general circulation models (GCMs) are discussed: replacing convection and cloud schemes for studying the interaction between cloud systems and large-scale circulation, and improving the schemes for climate simulations.展开更多
Cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa),a perennial herb belonging to the family Rosaceae,is a complex octoploid with high heterozygosity at most loci.However,there is no research on the haplotype of the octoplo...Cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa),a perennial herb belonging to the family Rosaceae,is a complex octoploid with high heterozygosity at most loci.However,there is no research on the haplotype of the octoploid strawberry genome.Here we aimed to obtain a high-quality genome of the cultivated strawberry cultivar,“Yanli”,using single molecule real-time sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technology.The“Yanli”genome was 823 Mb in size,with a long terminal repeat assembly index of 14.99.The genome was phased into two haplotypes,Hap1(825 Mb with contig N50 of 26.70 Mb)and Hap2(808 Mb with contig N50 of 27.51 Mb).Using the combination of Hap1 and Hap2,we obtained for the first time a haplotype-resolved genome with 56 chromosomes for the cultivated octoploid strawberry.We identified a∼10 Mb inversion and translocation on chromosome 2-1.104957 and 102356 protein-coding genes were annotated in Hap1 and Hap2,respectively.Analysis of the genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway revealed the structural diversity and complexity in the expression of the alleles in the octoploid F.×ananassa genome.In summary,we obtained a high-quality haplotype-resolved genome assembly of F.×ananassa,which will provide the foundation for investigating gene function and evolution of the genome of cultivated octoploid strawberry.展开更多
The lemon(Citrus limon;family Rutaceae)is one of the most important and popular fruits worldwide.Lemon also tolerates huan-glongbing(HLB)disease,which is a devastating citrus disease.Here we produced a gap-free and ha...The lemon(Citrus limon;family Rutaceae)is one of the most important and popular fruits worldwide.Lemon also tolerates huan-glongbing(HLB)disease,which is a devastating citrus disease.Here we produced a gap-free and haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome assembly of the lemon by combining Pacific Biosciences circular consensus sequencing,Oxford Nanopore 50-kb ultra-long,and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture technologies.The assembly contained nine-pair chromosomes with a contig N50 of 35.6 Mb and zero gaps,while a total of 633.0 Mb genomic sequences were generated.The origination analysis identified 338.5Mb genomic sequences originating from citron(53.5%),147.4Mb frommandarin(23.3%),and 147.1Mb frompummelo(23.2%).The genome included 30528 protein-coding genes,and most of the assembled sequences were found to be repetitive sequences.Several significantly expanded gene families were associated with plant-pathogen interactions,plant hormone signal transduction,and the biosynthesis of major active components,such as terpenoids and f lavor compounds.Most HLB-tolerant genes were expanded in the lemon genome,such as 2-oxoglutarate(2OG)/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase and constitutive disease resistance 1,cell wall-related genes,and lignin synthesis genes.Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that phloem regeneration and lower levels of phloem plugging are the elements that contribute to HLB tolerance in lemon.Our results provide insight into lemon genome evolution,active component biosynthesis,and genes associated with HLB tolerance.展开更多
The present study compares the performance of two versions of the LASG/IAP(State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate S...The present study compares the performance of two versions of the LASG/IAP(State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate System Ocean Model(LICOM) in reproducing the interannual variability associated with El Nio and La Nia events in the tropical Pacific. Both versions are forced with the identical boundary conditions from observed or reanalysis data, in which one version has a finer spatial resolution of(1/10)° in the horizontal domain and 55 vertical layers, and the other version has a coarse resolution of 1° in the horizontal domain and 30 vertical layers. ENSO simulations form the two versions are compared with observations and, in particular, the improvements with regard to ENSO by the finer resolution ocean model are emphasized. As a result of the finer spatial resolution, both the vertical temperature gradient and vertical velocity are better represented in the equatorial Pacific than they are by the coarse resolution model; and thus, the corresponding vertical advections of temperature are more reasonable. Besides the mean climatology, simulated ENSO events and relevant feedbacks are much improved in the finer resolution model. A heat budget analysis suggests that both thermocline feedback and Ekman feedback are mainly responsible for the rapid increase in temperature anomalies during the developing and mature phases of ENSO events.展开更多
Given a graph , a set is a resolving set if for each pair of distinct vertices there is a vertex such that . A resolving set containing a minimum number of vertices is called a minimum resolving set or a basis for . T...Given a graph , a set is a resolving set if for each pair of distinct vertices there is a vertex such that . A resolving set containing a minimum number of vertices is called a minimum resolving set or a basis for . The cardinality of a minimum resolving set is called the resolving number or dimension of and is denoted by . A resolving set is said to be a star resolving set if it induces a star, and a path resolving set if it induces a path. The minimum cardinality of these sets, denoted respectively by and are called the star resolving number and path resolving number. In this paper we investigate these re-solving parameters for the hypercube networks.展开更多
A nested genetic algorithm, including genetic parameter level and genetic implemented level for peak parameters, was proposed and applied for resolving overlapped spectral bands. By the genetic parameter level, parame...A nested genetic algorithm, including genetic parameter level and genetic implemented level for peak parameters, was proposed and applied for resolving overlapped spectral bands. By the genetic parameter level, parameters of generic algorithm were optimized; moreover, the number of overlapped peaks was determined simultaneously Then parameters of individual peaks were computed with the genetic implemented level.展开更多
From the point of view of design requirements, influence of the width of the output image of an imaging subsystem in a tomographic imaging spectrometer, namely width of the slit, the grating and the size of the CCD pi...From the point of view of design requirements, influence of the width of the output image of an imaging subsystem in a tomographic imaging spectrometer, namely width of the slit, the grating and the size of the CCD pixel are analyzed. For the tomographic imaging spectrometry, if the amplification ratio of the imaging subsystem is not high enough to make the whole object to be compressed within the slit, then either the slit width should be increased or the slit width kept unchanged but scanned to receive information of the object. While the width-increase method reduces the spectral resolving power and the SNR; the scanning method reduces the SNR. Analysis of the two cases and computer simulation results are given.展开更多
文摘Background:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of activating blood and resolving stasis in patients with IgA nephropathy.Methods:From inception to May 2022,databases including PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,WanFang database,Chinese Biomedical Database,VIP,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for randomized controlled trials about enhancing blood circulation and removing stasis for IgA nephropathy.For the articles that satisfied the requirements,quality assessment and meta-analysis were done.Results:Seventeen randomized controlled trials with a total of 1653 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that activating blood and resolving stasis could increase therapeutic effectiveness(risk ratio(RR)=-0.47,95%confidence interval(CI)(-0.37,-0.2),P=0.0006)and decrease levels of serum creatinine(RR=-0.47,95%CI(-0.37,-0.2),P=0.0006),urea nitrogen(RR=0.85,95%CI(1.44,0.26),P=0.005),24-hour urinary protein quantification(RR=1.6,95%CI(2.44,0.95).P=0.00001),and urine red blood cell count(RR=1.7,95%CI(2.57,0.82),P=0.0001).There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of security(RR=0.6,95%CI(0.36,1.01),P=0.05).Conclusion:Western medicine combined activating blood and resolving stasis is more efficient than Western medicine therapy alone in treating IgA nephropathy,but it still needs to be supported by additional large-scale,multi-center randomized controlled clinical trials due to the poor quality of the included trials.
文摘The doubly resolving sets are a natural tool to identify where diffusion occurs in a complicated network.Many realworld phenomena,such as rumour spreading on social networks,the spread of infectious diseases,and the spread of the virus on the internet,may be modelled using information diffusion in networks.It is obviously impractical to monitor every node due to cost and overhead limits because there are too many nodes in the network,some of which may be unable or unwilling to send information about their state.As a result,the source localization problem is to find the number of nodes in the network that best explains the observed diffusion.This problem can be successfully solved by using its relationship with the well-studied related minimal doubly resolving set problem,which minimizes the number of observers required for accurate detection.This paper aims to investigate the minimal doubly resolving set for certain families of Toeplitz graph Tn(1,t),for t≥2 and n≥t+2.We come to the conclusion that for Tn(1,2),the metric and double metric dimensions are equal and for Tn(1,4),the double metric dimension is exactly one more than the metric dimension.Also,the double metric dimension for Tn(1,3)is equal to the metric dimension for n=5,6,7 and one greater than the metric dimension for n≥8.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81960761,82060825)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2020GXNSFAA297119)+2 种基金First-class Discipline in Guangxi:Traditional Chinese Medicine(GJKY[2022]1)Guangxi Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctor Linjiang Inheritance Studio(GZYYKJF[2021]6)Guangxi Graduate Education Innovation Program(YCSY2023004,YCSZ2022002).
文摘Liver fibrosis is a necessary stage in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis.So far,no satisfactory drugs have been found to intervene in liver fibrosis.Liver microcirculation disorders are one of the important pathogenesis of chronic liver disease,and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells(HSECs)are the main cells that constitute the liver microcirculation barrier.In clinical practice,W-P bodies have been detected in HSECs of most patients with liver fibrosis.W-P bodies serve as a site for the synthesis and storage of vW factors,ET-1 and other cytokines that promote liver fibrosis.They can disrupt the structure and function of HSECs,cause liver microcirculation disorders,and exacerbate the progression of liver fibrosis.Previous studies have found that the Guangxi specialty ethnic medicine,C.kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang,has definite effects in promoting blood circulation,resolving blood stasis,and resisting liver fibrosis.Based on this,a further research idea has been derived,stating that the blood circulation-promoting,blood stasis-resolving,and anti-liver fibrosis effects of C.kwangsiensis are produced by affecting the formation of W-P bodies,the synthesis and storage of contents in W-P bodies,and intervening in their exocytosis capacity.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2572022DQ03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170517)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write(2017B030301011)supported by China National GeneBank(CNGB)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Big cats,such as Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Amur leopards(P.pardus orientalis),are apex predator and have evolved specialized traits for hunting and carnivory(Moya et al.,2022),thus playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity by regulating prey-predator dynamics.However,human-induced pressures,habitat fragmentation,and environmental alterations have restricted these species in small and isolated populations.Currently,all extant big cats are categorized as endangered or threatened according to their conservation status.Amur tigers and Amur leopards share overlapping geographic ranges,habitats,and certain prey species in the forests of Northeast Asia(Jiang et al.,2015).To reduce interspecies conflict,these carnivores exhibit differentiated dietary and temporal niches.Amur tigers predominantly prey on large ungulates,while Amur leopards hunt small to medium-sized animals(Sugimoto et al.,2016).Additionally,they occupy different temporal niches,with tigers being active at night and leopards more active during the day.Despite spatial and temporal niche partitioning,interspecific competition between these two species is inevitable.Tigers,benefiting from their greater size,have a competitive advantage over leopards,which can manifest in occasional leopard predation by tigers and declines in leopard populations with increasing tiger density(Jiang et al.,2015).Tigers also displace leopards from marginal habitats in nature reserves where they coexist.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0405802)the Shanghai Large Scientific Facilities Center.
文摘The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in 2020.This multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering(USAXS),small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),wide-angle X-ray scattering,and microfocus SAXS(μSAXS)for a broad user community.To realize fast time-resolved USAXS experiments,the beamline adopted an in-vacuum undulator with a total length of 1.6 m as the photon source.An in-house cryogenic-cooled double multilayer monochromator was installed to deliver a photon flux of approximately 10^(13) photons/s at a photon energy of 10 keV.The three-year successful operation of this beamline demonstrated that the monochromator operated smoothly,as expected.BL10U1 has three end stations in succession:USAXS end station,μSAXS end station,and end station for industrial applications.The minimum scattering vector q~0.0042 nm^(-1) at 10 keV can be achieved at the USAXS end station equipped with a 28 m-long and 1.8 m-diameter vacuum flight tube.At theμSAXS end station,a beam spot of less than 10×8μm was achieved for micro-SAXS experiments.In contrast,in situ experimental instruments up to 5 m high and 8 m wide can be mounted at the industrial application end station,which offers industrial scientists the opportunity to use their large industrial equipment.BL10U1 opens up a new capability to investigate phenomena such as non-equilibrium and dynamic processes of materials with a wide length scale from angstroms to micrometers with millisecond time resolution.In this paper,we also report beamline design considerations and commissioning results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12202456 and12172360)the Basic Science Center Program for“Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics”of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11988102)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M693241)。
文摘Fluid-structure-particle interactions in three spatial dimensions happen in many environmental and engineering flows.This paper presents the parallel algorithms for the hybrid diffuse and sharp interface immersed boundary(IB)method developed in our previous work.For the moving structure modeled using the sharp interface IB method,a recursive box method is developed for efficiently classifying the background grid nodes.For the particles modeled using the diffuse interface IB method,a‘master-slave’approach is adopted.For the particle-particle interaction(PPI)and particle-structure interaction(PSI),a fast algorithm for classifying the active and inactive Lagrangian points,which discretize the particle surface,is developed for the‘dry’contact approach.The results show that the proposed recursive box method can reduce the classifying time from 52seconds to 0.3 seconds.Acceptable parallel efficiency is obtained for cases with different particle concentrations.Furthermore,the lubrication model is utilized when a particle approaches a wall,enabling an accurate simulation of the rebounding phenomena in the benchmark particle-wall collision problem.At last,the capability of the proposed computational framework is demonstrated by simulating particle-laden turbulent channel flows with rough walls.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.40875025,40875030,and 40775033)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.08ZR1422900)
文摘Water vapor, cloud, and surface rainfall budgets associated with the landfall of Typhoon Krosa on 6-8 October 2007 are analyzed based on a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is integrated with imposed zonally-uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature, and vapor advection from NCEP/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data. The simulation data that are validated with observations are examined to study physical causes associated with surface rainfall processes during the landfall. The time- and domain-mean analysis shows that when Krosa approached the eastern coast of China on 6 October, the water vapor convergence over land caused a local atmospheric moistening and a net condensation that further produced surface rainfall and an increase of cloud hydrometeor concentration. Meanwhile, latent heating was balanced by advective cooling and a local atmospheric warming. One day later, the enhancement of net condensation led to an increase of surface rainfall and a local atmospheric drying, while the water vapor convergence weakened as a result of the landfall-induced deprivation of water vapor flux. At the same time, the latent heating is mainly compensated the advective cooling. Further weakening of vapor convergence on 8 October enhanced the local atmospheric drying while the net condensation and associated surface rainfall was maintained. The latent heating is balanced by advective cooling and a local atmospheric cooling.
基金the National Key BasicResearch and Development Project of China under GrantNo. 2004CB418301the National Natural Sciences Foun-dation of China under Grant No. 40775031"Outstand-ing Oversea Scholars" Project No.2005-2-16.
文摘Impacts of initial conditions on cloud-resolving model simulations are investigated using a series of sensitivity experiments. Five experiments with perturbed initial temperature, moisture, and cloud conditions are conducted and compared to the control experiment. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity and zonal wind observed and derived from NCEP/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS). The results indicate that model predictions of rainfall are much more sensitive to the initial conditions than those of temperature and moisture. Further analyses of the surface rainfall equation and the moisture and cloud hydrometeor budgets reveal that the calculations of vapor condensation and deposition rates in the model account for the large sensitivities in rainfall simulations.
基金National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2009CB421505)National Natural Science Foundation of China (40775036)Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP07214)
文摘The detailed surface rainfall processes associated with landfalling typhoon Kaemi(2006) are investigated based on hourly data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is integrated for 6 days with imposed large-scale vertical velocity,zonal wind,horizontal temperature and vapor advection from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) / Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data. The simulation data are validated with observations in terms of surface rain rate. The Root-Mean-Squared (RMS) difference in surface rain rate between the simulation and the gauge observations is 0.660 mm h-1,which is smaller than the standard deviations of both the simulated rain rate (0.753 mm h-1) and the observed rain rate (0.833 mm h-1). The simulation data are then used to study the physical causes associated with the detailed surface rainfall processes during the landfall. The results show that time averaged and model domain-mean Ps mainly comes from large-scale convergence ( QW VF) and local vapor loss (positive QW VT). Large underestimation (about 15%) of Ps will occur if QW VT and QC M(cloud source/sink) are not considered as contributors to Ps. QW VF accounts for the variation of Ps during most of the integration time,while it is not always a contributor to Ps. Sometimes surface rainfall could occur when divergence is dominant with local vapor loss to be a contributor to Ps. Surface rainfall is a result of multi-timescale interactions. QW VE possesses the longest time scale and the lowest frequency of variation with time and may exert impact on Ps on longer time scales. QW VF possesses the second longest time scale and lowest frequency and can explain most of the variation of Ps. QW VT and QC M possess shorter time scales and higher frequencies,which can explain more detailed variations in Ps. Partitioning analysis shows that stratiform rainfall is dominant from the morning of 26 July till the late night of 27 July. After that,convective rainfall dominates till about 1000 LST 28 July. Before 28 July,the variations of QW VTin rainfall-free regions contribute less to that of the domain-mean QW VT while after that they contribute much,which is consistent to the corresponding variations in their fractional coverage. The variations of QW VF in rainfall regions are the main contributors to that of the domain-mean QW VF,then the main contributors to the surface rain rate before the afternoon of 28 July.
基金support by the National Taiwan University and the high performance computer center in the National Central University.W.H.GAO was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB955804,2011CB403401)2012 National abroad personnel science and technology project.C.-H.SUI was supported by the National Science Council(Grant No.100-2745-M-002-003-ASP)
文摘Simulated regional precipitation, especially extreme precipitation events, and the regional hydrologic budgets over the western North Pacific region during the period from May to June 2008 were investigated with the high-resolution (4-km grid spacing) Weather Research and Forecast (WRF v3.2.1) model with explicit cloud microphysics. The model initial and boundary conditions were derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy (NCEP/DOE) Reanalysis 2 data. The model precipitation results were evaluated against the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42 product. The results show that the WRF simulations can reason- ably reproduce the spatial distributions of daily mean precipitation and rainy days. However, the simulated frequency distributions of rainy days showed an overestimation of light precipitation, an underestimation of moderate to heavy precipitation, but a good representation of extreme precipitation. The downscaling approach was able to add value to the very heavy precipitation over the ocean since the convective processes are resolved by the high-resolution cloud-resolving model. Moreover, the water vapor budget analysis indi- cates that heavy precipitation is contributed mostly by the stronger moisture convergence; whereas, in less convective periods, the precipitation is more influenced by the surface evaporation. The simulated water vapor budgets imply the importance in the tropical monsoon region of cloud microphysics that affects the precipitation, atmospheric latent heating and, subsequently, the large-scale circulation.
文摘The reduction of wasteful variation within the supp ly chain is naturally suited to high and stable volumes, as epitomised in the lean practices of the automotive industry. However, with the growth of innovative pr oducts, typically characterised by lower volumes and uncertain demand, it is als o important to develop strategies to effectively manage the externally imposed v ariation resulting from volatile market demand. Such strategies often come under the banner of quick response or agile supply. System variation is the common denominator, for whereas lean strategies emphasis e the need for stability and the reduction of wasteful supply chain variation, a gile emphasises the need to respond to externally imposed demand variation. Simi larly, lean supply is closely associated with level scheduling and investing in inventory to decouple demand variation from the supply chain, whereas, agile sup ply is associated with investing in responsive capacity as inventory requirement s cannot be effectively predicted. This distinction between lean and agile supply, highlights a trade-off between investing in responsive capacity and decoupling inventory, which is closely related to the conflicting manufacturing tasks of fast response and low cost. The implications of this conflict have been more widely felt in recent years, as companies have opted to outsource manufacture to low cost overseas suppliers. T he rationale is to reduce manufacturing costs, but the trade-off is a dramatic loss of responsive capacity with higher dependency on decoupling inventory. As with lean and agile supply, the trade-off implications of such choices need to be acknowledged, conceptually understood and then separate out or otherwise r esolved. This paper introduces the business need before exploring the significance of var iation and the concept of managing variation in a delivery system using responsi ve capacity and decoupling inventory. These concepts will then be used to unpack the lean and agile paradigms before applying the thinking to a more detailed in dustrial case concerning offshore supply decisions. The paper concludes with som e reflections.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2012CB417401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41276001)the Strategic Priority Research Project(No.XDA11010201)
文摘Ventilation in the North Pacifi c is examined using data from the eddy-resolving 1/12° global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM) and Quik SCAT wind stress data. For the period January 2004 to December 2006 and area 20°–40°N, the total annual subduction rate is estimated at 79 Sv, and the obduction rate 41 Sv. Resolving the small-scale and high-frequency components of the eddy fi eld can increase the subduction rate by 42 Sv, and obduction by 31 Sv. Lateral induction is the dominant contributor to enhancement of subduction/obduction, and temporal change of mixed layer depth has a secondary role. Further analysis indicates that the high-frequency components of the eddy fi eld, especially those with timescale shorter than 10 days, are the most critical factor enhancing subduction/obduction.
文摘Convective processes affect large-scale environments through cloud-radiation interaction, cloud micro- physical processes, and surface rainfall processes. Over the last three decades, cloud-resolving models (CRMs) have demonstrated to be capable of simulating convective-radiative responses to an imposed large-scale forcing. The CRM-produced cloud and radiative properties have been utilized to study the convective- related processes and their ensemble effects on large-scale circulations. This review the recent progress on the understanding of convective processes with the use of CRM simulations, including precipitation processes; cloud microphysical and radiative processes; dynamical processes; precipitation efficiency; diurnal variations of tropical oceanic convection; local-scale atmosphere-ocean coupling processes; and tropical convective-radiative equilibrium states. Two different ongoing applications of CRMs to general circulation models (GCMs) are discussed: replacing convection and cloud schemes for studying the interaction between cloud systems and large-scale circulation, and improving the schemes for climate simulations.
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32130092,No.31872072)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Pro-gram(No.XLYC1902069).
文摘Cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa),a perennial herb belonging to the family Rosaceae,is a complex octoploid with high heterozygosity at most loci.However,there is no research on the haplotype of the octoploid strawberry genome.Here we aimed to obtain a high-quality genome of the cultivated strawberry cultivar,“Yanli”,using single molecule real-time sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technology.The“Yanli”genome was 823 Mb in size,with a long terminal repeat assembly index of 14.99.The genome was phased into two haplotypes,Hap1(825 Mb with contig N50 of 26.70 Mb)and Hap2(808 Mb with contig N50 of 27.51 Mb).Using the combination of Hap1 and Hap2,we obtained for the first time a haplotype-resolved genome with 56 chromosomes for the cultivated octoploid strawberry.We identified a∼10 Mb inversion and translocation on chromosome 2-1.104957 and 102356 protein-coding genes were annotated in Hap1 and Hap2,respectively.Analysis of the genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway revealed the structural diversity and complexity in the expression of the alleles in the octoploid F.×ananassa genome.In summary,we obtained a high-quality haplotype-resolved genome assembly of F.×ananassa,which will provide the foundation for investigating gene function and evolution of the genome of cultivated octoploid strawberry.
基金supported by the Guangxi Major Project of Science and Technology(Guike AA18118027)the Postdoctoral Project of Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory Program(B21Y10203)the Scientific Research and Development Fund of the College of Agriculture,Guangxi University(EE101731).
文摘The lemon(Citrus limon;family Rutaceae)is one of the most important and popular fruits worldwide.Lemon also tolerates huan-glongbing(HLB)disease,which is a devastating citrus disease.Here we produced a gap-free and haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome assembly of the lemon by combining Pacific Biosciences circular consensus sequencing,Oxford Nanopore 50-kb ultra-long,and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture technologies.The assembly contained nine-pair chromosomes with a contig N50 of 35.6 Mb and zero gaps,while a total of 633.0 Mb genomic sequences were generated.The origination analysis identified 338.5Mb genomic sequences originating from citron(53.5%),147.4Mb frommandarin(23.3%),and 147.1Mb frompummelo(23.2%).The genome included 30528 protein-coding genes,and most of the assembled sequences were found to be repetitive sequences.Several significantly expanded gene families were associated with plant-pathogen interactions,plant hormone signal transduction,and the biosynthesis of major active components,such as terpenoids and f lavor compounds.Most HLB-tolerant genes were expanded in the lemon genome,such as 2-oxoglutarate(2OG)/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase and constitutive disease resistance 1,cell wall-related genes,and lignin synthesis genes.Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that phloem regeneration and lower levels of phloem plugging are the elements that contribute to HLB tolerance in lemon.Our results provide insight into lemon genome evolution,active component biosynthesis,and genes associated with HLB tolerance.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB956204)the "Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05110302)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change
文摘The present study compares the performance of two versions of the LASG/IAP(State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate System Ocean Model(LICOM) in reproducing the interannual variability associated with El Nio and La Nia events in the tropical Pacific. Both versions are forced with the identical boundary conditions from observed or reanalysis data, in which one version has a finer spatial resolution of(1/10)° in the horizontal domain and 55 vertical layers, and the other version has a coarse resolution of 1° in the horizontal domain and 30 vertical layers. ENSO simulations form the two versions are compared with observations and, in particular, the improvements with regard to ENSO by the finer resolution ocean model are emphasized. As a result of the finer spatial resolution, both the vertical temperature gradient and vertical velocity are better represented in the equatorial Pacific than they are by the coarse resolution model; and thus, the corresponding vertical advections of temperature are more reasonable. Besides the mean climatology, simulated ENSO events and relevant feedbacks are much improved in the finer resolution model. A heat budget analysis suggests that both thermocline feedback and Ekman feedback are mainly responsible for the rapid increase in temperature anomalies during the developing and mature phases of ENSO events.
文摘Given a graph , a set is a resolving set if for each pair of distinct vertices there is a vertex such that . A resolving set containing a minimum number of vertices is called a minimum resolving set or a basis for . The cardinality of a minimum resolving set is called the resolving number or dimension of and is denoted by . A resolving set is said to be a star resolving set if it induces a star, and a path resolving set if it induces a path. The minimum cardinality of these sets, denoted respectively by and are called the star resolving number and path resolving number. In this paper we investigate these re-solving parameters for the hypercube networks.
文摘A nested genetic algorithm, including genetic parameter level and genetic implemented level for peak parameters, was proposed and applied for resolving overlapped spectral bands. By the genetic parameter level, parameters of generic algorithm were optimized; moreover, the number of overlapped peaks was determined simultaneously Then parameters of individual peaks were computed with the genetic implemented level.
文摘From the point of view of design requirements, influence of the width of the output image of an imaging subsystem in a tomographic imaging spectrometer, namely width of the slit, the grating and the size of the CCD pixel are analyzed. For the tomographic imaging spectrometry, if the amplification ratio of the imaging subsystem is not high enough to make the whole object to be compressed within the slit, then either the slit width should be increased or the slit width kept unchanged but scanned to receive information of the object. While the width-increase method reduces the spectral resolving power and the SNR; the scanning method reduces the SNR. Analysis of the two cases and computer simulation results are given.