Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium:A case report

BACKGROUND Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium(CHRRPE)is a rare congenital benign tumor which is commonly monocular.Typical CHRRPE comprises slightly raised lesions at the posterior pole,with proliferation membrane often leading to vascular distortion.In severe cases,macular edema,macular hole,retinal detachment or vitreous hemorrhage may occur.Patients with atypical clinical manifestations are prone to misdiagnosis by inexperienced ophthalmologists.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old man reported onset of right eye blurred vision for one week prior.Anterior segment and intraocular pressure were normal in both eyes.Left eye fundus photography was normal.Right eye ophthalmoscopy showed vitreous hemorrhage and off-white raised retinal lesions below the optic disc.Proliferative membranes on the lesion surfaces resulted in superficial retinal detachment and tortuosity and occlusion of peripheral blood vessels.A horseshoe-like tear in the temporal periphery was surrounded by retinal detachment.Optical coherence tomography revealed retinal thickening at the focal site with structural disturbance indicated by high reflectance.Right eye ultrasound showed retinal thickening at the lesion,stretching and uplifting of the proliferative membrane,with moderately patchy echo at the optic disc edge.Cytokines and antibodies were detected in vitreous fluids during the operation to rule out other diseases.Fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)at postoperative follow-up led to final diagnosis of CHRRPE.CONCLUSION FFA is helpful in diagnosing retinal and retinal pigment epithelial combined hamartoma.In addition,other cytokine and etiological tests facilitate further differential diagnosis to rule out other suspected diseases.

Dental pulp stem cells, a paracrine-mediated therapy for the retina

Author contributions： Mead B was responsible for study conception and design, collection and^or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation and manuscript writing. Logan A participated in study conception and design, data analysis and interpretation and manuscript writing. Berry M was responsible for manuscript writing. Scheven BA was in charge of study conception and design, data analysis and interpretation and manuscript writing. Leadbeater W participated in study conception and design, data analysis and interpretation and manuscript writing. All authors approved the final version of this paper.

Role of P2X_7 receptors in neuronal death in the retina

Acknowledgments： I would like to express my appreciation to Professor Puro DG for leading me to this research topic during my stay as a research fellow in his laboratory at the University of Michigan in 2001, and also to Professor Ikeda T forgiving me the opportunity to study abroad and then to continue to investigate this topic in the Department of Ophthalmology at Osaka Medical College, lapan.

The mechanism of retinomotor movements in the retina of banded grouper (Epinephelus awoara)

In order to clarify the mechanism of retinomotor movements in banded grouper, this paper utilizes inhibition factors of microfilaments and microtubules cytochalasin-B and colchicine to study the roles of actin microfilaments and microtubules in the movements of the REP pigment granles and cones. It provides evidences to explain the mechanism of retinomotor movements in fish.

Description and surgical management of epiretinal membrane due to combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium

Purpose:To outline the characteristics of Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigmentation Epithelium(CHRRPE)and provide a comprehensive overview of surgical management of epiretinal membrane(ERM)caused by CHRRPE.Main text:CHRRPE is a rare ocular tumor.It clinically mimics other diseases such as retinoblastoma and choroidal melanoma.The present study reviewed the multimodal imaging of CHRRPE,highlighted the multimodal imaging modalities which are useful for revealing the unique features of CHRRPE and hence allowing physicians to confirm the diagnosis.Although most of CHRRPEs are benign harmatoma,progressive visual loss may occur because of the traction of the tumor and other complications.It is treated through surgical removal of the ERM caused by CHRRPE to free retina from the traction.Currently,there is no consensus on the surgical management of CHRRPE.Therefore,the current review was designed to explore the surgical management of ERM caused by CHRRPE and hence provide updated data on this subject.Conclusions:Multimodal imaging technologies,especially optical coherence tomography(OCT),significantly contributes to the diagnosis of CHRRPE and visual prognosis.Surgical management of CHRRPE through removal of ERM is beneficial in patients with worsening VA which is secondary to ERM which is associated with CHRRPE.However,the strategy is limited to patients with long-standing poor vision.However,earlier surgical therapy and subsequent postoperative amblyopia therapy can be explored for children of amblyogenic age.