A name can reflect a nation's history and culture. Studying the differences and similarities of names between two countries can help us have a better understanding of the two cultures and thus promote further comm...A name can reflect a nation's history and culture. Studying the differences and similarities of names between two countries can help us have a better understanding of the two cultures and thus promote further communications. A contrastive analysis of Chinese and British names are discussed mainly from the forms, origins and the factors influencing naming. It is founded that the differences of names are closely related with history, religion, social system and values while the similarities are focus on the common things. In general, there are more differences than similarities. The naming system has a long history and as a traditional culture it truly deserves our attention.展开更多
Nowadays,healthcare has become an important area for the Internet of Things(IoT)to automate healthcare facilities to share and use patient data anytime and anywhere with Internet services.At present,the host-based Int...Nowadays,healthcare has become an important area for the Internet of Things(IoT)to automate healthcare facilities to share and use patient data anytime and anywhere with Internet services.At present,the host-based Internet paradigm is used for sharing and accessing healthcare-related data.However,due to the location-dependent nature,it suffers from latency,mobility,and security.For this purpose,Named Data Networking(NDN)has been recommended as the future Internet paradigm to cover the shortcomings of the traditional host-based Internet paradigm.Unfortunately,the novel breed lacks a secure framework for healthcare.This article constructs an NDN-Based Internet of Medical Things(NDN-IoMT)framework using a lightweight certificateless(CLC)signature.We adopt the Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptosystem(HCC)to reduce cost,which provides strong security using a smaller key size compared to Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem(ECC).Furthermore,we validate the safety of the proposed scheme through AVISPA.For cost-efficiency,we compare the designed scheme with relevant certificateless signature schemes.The final result shows that our proposed scheme uses minimal network resources.Lastly,we deploy the given framework on NDN-IoMT.展开更多
In some ways, people all over the world are similar. They eat,they sleep, they work, they play, they laugh, and they cry. But inother ways they are quite different. The way they look at the worldis different. Their po...In some ways, people all over the world are similar. They eat,they sleep, they work, they play, they laugh, and they cry. But inother ways they are quite different. The way they look at the worldis different. Their points of view differ. Look at the two pointsof view expressed in the following conversation:展开更多
Chinese and English are two very different languages; the former belongs to the Sino-Tibetan Language Family and the latter the Indo-European Language Family. In terms of textual organization, they show substantial di...Chinese and English are two very different languages; the former belongs to the Sino-Tibetan Language Family and the latter the Indo-European Language Family. In terms of textual organization, they show substantial differences. Chinese is mainly a pragmatic, paratactic and topic-prominent language, while English a grammatical, hypotactic and subject-prominent language. This thesis gives a contrastive study of two problems in English and Chinese. They are repeated references to the same thing and parallel structure. In this way, the translation work will be more succinct and smooth.展开更多
Over the last few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an omnipresent term. The IoT expands the existing common concepts, anytime and anyplace to the connectivity for anything. The proliferation in IoT offer...Over the last few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an omnipresent term. The IoT expands the existing common concepts, anytime and anyplace to the connectivity for anything. The proliferation in IoT offers opportunities but may also bear risks. A hitherto neglected aspect is the possible increase in power consumption as smart devices in IoT applications are expected to be reachable by other devices at all times. This implies that the device is consuming electrical energy even when it is not in use for its primary function. Many researchers’ communities have started addressing storage ability like cache memory of smart devices using the concept called—Named Data Networking (NDN) to achieve better energy efficient communication model. In NDN, memory or buffer overflow is the common challenge especially when internal memory of node exceeds its limit and data with highest degree of freshness may not be accommodated and entire scenarios behaves like a traditional network. In such case, Data Caching is not performed by intermediate nodes to guarantee highest degree of freshness. On the periodical updates sent from data producers, it is exceedingly demanded that data consumers must get up to date information at cost of lease energy. Consequently, there is challenge in maintaining tradeoff between freshness energy consumption during Publisher-Subscriber interaction. In our work, we proposed the architecture to overcome cache strategy issue by Smart Caching Algorithm for improvement in memory management and data freshness. The smart caching strategy updates the data at precise interval by keeping garbage data into consideration. It is also observed from experiment that data redundancy can be easily obtained by ignoring/dropping data packets for the information which is not of interest by other participating nodes in network, ultimately leading to optimizing tradeoff between freshness and energy required.展开更多
The name is the unique cultural phenomenon in human society.One’sOneooOoOOOOOOOO name not only a sign used to dis⁃tinguish him/her from others,but also a mark accompanying his/her whole life.It includes much informat...The name is the unique cultural phenomenon in human society.One’sOneooOoOOOOOOOO name not only a sign used to dis⁃tinguish him/her from others,but also a mark accompanying his/her whole life.It includes much information which implies the nation’s language,history,geography,religion,and cultural tradition.Research into the names of different nationalities will help us deepen the understanding of cultures.The commonness of Chinese and British cultures determines the similarities of Chinese and Britain names,while the different historical cultures,value ideas,thinking patterns,religion,and psychology determine the dissimilarities.This paper will discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between Chinese and British names from several aspects and analyze the cultural differences reflected by Chinese and British names.展开更多
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks consist of devices that are wirelessly connected.Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs),Internet of Things(IoT),and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks(VANETs)are the main domains of wireless ad hoc network.Int...Wireless Ad Hoc Networks consist of devices that are wirelessly connected.Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs),Internet of Things(IoT),and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks(VANETs)are the main domains of wireless ad hoc network.Internet is used in wireless ad hoc network.Internet is based on Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)/Internet Protocol(IP)network where clients and servers interact with each other with the help of IP in a pre-defined environment.Internet fetches data from a fixed location.Data redundancy,mobility,and location dependency are the main issues of the IP network paradigm.All these factors result in poor performance of wireless ad hoc networks.The main disadvantage of IP is that,it does not provide in-network caching.Therefore,there is a need to move towards a new network that overcomes these limitations.Named Data Network(NDN)is a network that overcomes these limitations.NDN is a project of Information-centric Network(ICN).NDN provides in-network caching which helps in fast response to user queries.Implementing NDN in wireless ad hoc network provides many benefits such as caching,mobility,scalability,security,and privacy.By considering the certainty,in this survey paper,we present a comprehensive survey on Caching Strategies in NDN-based Wireless AdHocNetwork.Various cachingmechanism-based results are also described.In the last,we also shed light on the challenges and future directions of this promising field to provide a clear understanding of what caching-related problems exist in NDN-based wireless ad hoc networks.展开更多
文摘A name can reflect a nation's history and culture. Studying the differences and similarities of names between two countries can help us have a better understanding of the two cultures and thus promote further communications. A contrastive analysis of Chinese and British names are discussed mainly from the forms, origins and the factors influencing naming. It is founded that the differences of names are closely related with history, religion, social system and values while the similarities are focus on the common things. In general, there are more differences than similarities. The naming system has a long history and as a traditional culture it truly deserves our attention.
文摘Nowadays,healthcare has become an important area for the Internet of Things(IoT)to automate healthcare facilities to share and use patient data anytime and anywhere with Internet services.At present,the host-based Internet paradigm is used for sharing and accessing healthcare-related data.However,due to the location-dependent nature,it suffers from latency,mobility,and security.For this purpose,Named Data Networking(NDN)has been recommended as the future Internet paradigm to cover the shortcomings of the traditional host-based Internet paradigm.Unfortunately,the novel breed lacks a secure framework for healthcare.This article constructs an NDN-Based Internet of Medical Things(NDN-IoMT)framework using a lightweight certificateless(CLC)signature.We adopt the Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptosystem(HCC)to reduce cost,which provides strong security using a smaller key size compared to Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem(ECC).Furthermore,we validate the safety of the proposed scheme through AVISPA.For cost-efficiency,we compare the designed scheme with relevant certificateless signature schemes.The final result shows that our proposed scheme uses minimal network resources.Lastly,we deploy the given framework on NDN-IoMT.
文摘In some ways, people all over the world are similar. They eat,they sleep, they work, they play, they laugh, and they cry. But inother ways they are quite different. The way they look at the worldis different. Their points of view differ. Look at the two pointsof view expressed in the following conversation:
文摘Chinese and English are two very different languages; the former belongs to the Sino-Tibetan Language Family and the latter the Indo-European Language Family. In terms of textual organization, they show substantial differences. Chinese is mainly a pragmatic, paratactic and topic-prominent language, while English a grammatical, hypotactic and subject-prominent language. This thesis gives a contrastive study of two problems in English and Chinese. They are repeated references to the same thing and parallel structure. In this way, the translation work will be more succinct and smooth.
文摘Over the last few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an omnipresent term. The IoT expands the existing common concepts, anytime and anyplace to the connectivity for anything. The proliferation in IoT offers opportunities but may also bear risks. A hitherto neglected aspect is the possible increase in power consumption as smart devices in IoT applications are expected to be reachable by other devices at all times. This implies that the device is consuming electrical energy even when it is not in use for its primary function. Many researchers’ communities have started addressing storage ability like cache memory of smart devices using the concept called—Named Data Networking (NDN) to achieve better energy efficient communication model. In NDN, memory or buffer overflow is the common challenge especially when internal memory of node exceeds its limit and data with highest degree of freshness may not be accommodated and entire scenarios behaves like a traditional network. In such case, Data Caching is not performed by intermediate nodes to guarantee highest degree of freshness. On the periodical updates sent from data producers, it is exceedingly demanded that data consumers must get up to date information at cost of lease energy. Consequently, there is challenge in maintaining tradeoff between freshness energy consumption during Publisher-Subscriber interaction. In our work, we proposed the architecture to overcome cache strategy issue by Smart Caching Algorithm for improvement in memory management and data freshness. The smart caching strategy updates the data at precise interval by keeping garbage data into consideration. It is also observed from experiment that data redundancy can be easily obtained by ignoring/dropping data packets for the information which is not of interest by other participating nodes in network, ultimately leading to optimizing tradeoff between freshness and energy required.
文摘The name is the unique cultural phenomenon in human society.One’sOneooOoOOOOOOOO name not only a sign used to dis⁃tinguish him/her from others,but also a mark accompanying his/her whole life.It includes much information which implies the nation’s language,history,geography,religion,and cultural tradition.Research into the names of different nationalities will help us deepen the understanding of cultures.The commonness of Chinese and British cultures determines the similarities of Chinese and Britain names,while the different historical cultures,value ideas,thinking patterns,religion,and psychology determine the dissimilarities.This paper will discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between Chinese and British names from several aspects and analyze the cultural differences reflected by Chinese and British names.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2022R1A2C1003549).
文摘Wireless Ad Hoc Networks consist of devices that are wirelessly connected.Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs),Internet of Things(IoT),and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks(VANETs)are the main domains of wireless ad hoc network.Internet is used in wireless ad hoc network.Internet is based on Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)/Internet Protocol(IP)network where clients and servers interact with each other with the help of IP in a pre-defined environment.Internet fetches data from a fixed location.Data redundancy,mobility,and location dependency are the main issues of the IP network paradigm.All these factors result in poor performance of wireless ad hoc networks.The main disadvantage of IP is that,it does not provide in-network caching.Therefore,there is a need to move towards a new network that overcomes these limitations.Named Data Network(NDN)is a network that overcomes these limitations.NDN is a project of Information-centric Network(ICN).NDN provides in-network caching which helps in fast response to user queries.Implementing NDN in wireless ad hoc network provides many benefits such as caching,mobility,scalability,security,and privacy.By considering the certainty,in this survey paper,we present a comprehensive survey on Caching Strategies in NDN-based Wireless AdHocNetwork.Various cachingmechanism-based results are also described.In the last,we also shed light on the challenges and future directions of this promising field to provide a clear understanding of what caching-related problems exist in NDN-based wireless ad hoc networks.
