Forest-based betel leaf and betel nut farming of the Khasia indigenous People in Bangladesh: approach to biodiversity conservation in Lawachara National Park(LNP)

An exploratory survey was conducted among the Khasia living in Lawachara National Parkt （LNP） to investigate their depend- ency on the protected area （PA） for livelihoods, betel leaf hill farming, traditional forest conservation and perceptions of the PA, Field data were collected by interviewing 48 household heads from two villages （punjis） located inside the LNP and visiting their farms.： The economy of the Khasia was forest-based. They were largely dependent on betel leaf hill farming in LNP and nearly 71% of their mean annual income was de- rived from this irrespective of farmer category. On average, about 14% of the incomes of the poorer farmers came from forest produce followed by 10% and 6% for medium and rich farmers respectively. Hills and forests were the foundations of their lives and livelihoods, and LNP was the life-blood of Khasia survival. As a sustainable production system, this farming practice plays a vital role in conserving biodiversity in LNP and might be replicated elsewhere.

Transforming the Lives of Ordinary People in Malawi Through Radio Listening Clubs

This paper examines how radio listening clubs CRLCs） can be used to improve the lives of ordinary people in Malawi especially in rural areas. The paper draws its conclusion from data obtained through focus group discussions （FGDs~） with members of RLCs of two community radio stations, namely Nkhotakota and Mzimba. Other data collection techniques employed are semi-structured interviews with station managers of the two radio stations and members of non-governmental organizations CNGOs~ working with the RLCs. The paper argues that RLCs can create a platform for ordinary people to share, discuss, and find ways of how they can increase food availability in their homes, alleviate their poverty, empower ordinary people, and enable them to access loans and farm inputs. In that way, RLCs can contribute to the transformation of ordinary people＇s lives in the rural areas.

Stakeholder Perspectives on Use,Trade,and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in the Rasuwa District of Central Nepal

People's livelihood in several Himalayan regions largely depends on collection,use,and trade of medicinal plants.Traditional use is generally not a problem,but commercial gathering of selected species to meet increasing national and international demand can result in over-exploitation.Sustainable management of medicinal plants requires a clear understanding of the respective roles,responsibilities and viewpoints of the various stakeholders involved.Through personal interviews and group discussions,this study aimed at investigating the views of two stakeholder groups on use,trade and conservation of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district of Nepal.Local people and district and national organizations agreed that medicinal plants are collected for a combination of commercial and personal uses.Perceptions on market availability differed significantly:100 % of the respondents from district and national organizations saw markets as easily available,against only 36 % for local people.This could explain why medicinal plants were perceived by local people to contribute less to income generation than to livelihood improvement.Different viewpoints were also expressed concerning the status of medicinal plants in the district:81 % of the respondents from district and national organizationsconsidered that medicinal plants were threatened,compared to only 28 % for local people.Despite this disparity,both stakeholder groups agreed upon potential threats to medicinal plants:over-harvesting;habitat loss due to land-use change and deforestation;and over-grazing by livestock.Several challenges were identified regarding sustainable management of medicinal plants,such as ambiguous policies;lack of resources,information and infrastructures;habitat degradation;and over-exploitation.Despite these challenges,respondents agreed that the medicinal plants sector offers huge opportunities in the Rasuwa district,given resource availability,community awareness and motivation,and the priority given to the sector by governments and other agencies.Proper collaboration,communication and coordination among stakeholders are needed to grab these opportunities.

Improving People’s Livelihood and Addressing Their Concerns

THE people" is a frequently mentioned phrase,to the extent of being the main theme of the report delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by General Secretary Xi Jinping."We must put the people’s interests above all else,see that the gains of reform and development benefit all our people in a

Identifying Links between Ecosystem Services and Aboriginal Well-Being and Livelihoods in North Australia： Applying the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework

The livelihoods and well-being of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities in remote and rural northern Australia are dependent upon the ecosystem services provided by tropical ecosystems. The well-being of all Australian citizens is measured by the Australia Bureau of Statistics （ABS） using socio-economic indicators. In this study we investigated the importance of non-market benefits derived from ecosystem services for Aboriginal well-being. Through a case study with the Mullunburra-Yidinji people in the Wet Tropics, Queensland, we applied the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment （MA） framework to identify the links between ecosystem services and the MA＇s six constituents of human well-being. The study demonstrated that cultural and provisioning services were key determinants of community well-being, and these are not currently measured by the ABS. We adapt the MA framework to include the ABS indicators and explore the potential strengths and weaknesses of the approach for measuring the well-being of contemporary remote and rural Aboriginal communities.

Developing people＇s livelihood： construction of life style in visual threshold of Scientific Outlook on Development

随着科学发展观的树立与落实，作为发展民生重要内容之一的生活方式建构已经成为科学发展观的重要课题突出地摆在世人面前。在马克思主义指导下，探讨科学发展观与生活方式建构的辩证关系，指出科学发展观为生活方式建构指明方向，生活方式建构是科学发展观树立与落实的保证。在此基础上，挖掘生活方式建构的科学内涵，在科学发展观的视域中探寻生活方式建构的民生诉求。

Enriching Farmers through Sharing: Improving People’s Livelihood and Well-Being in the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas in China

Shared development is an important means by which to improve people’s livelihood and well-being in the new era. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–2020), China has made great achievements in the three major aspects of targeted poverty alleviation through industrial development, development of special rural areas, and equalization of urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. In addition, the important experience of multi-agent participation, multi-mode guidance, and multi-line promotion has been accumulated in the individual, regional and urbanrural dimensions. However, there remain some deficiencies, such as low policy efficiency, poor matching ability, and prominent structural problems. At the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025), the task of enriching farmers through sharing has been faced with many challenges, such as major changes in the focus of poverty governance, greater numbers of restraints on the development of special rural areas, and heavy responsibilities of equalizing urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire a profound understanding of the new development concept, and to continuously enrich farmers through sharing in terms of accelerating the improvement of the institutionalized poverty reduction system in the new era, actively building a green development system of agriculture and animal husbandry in special rural areas, and striving to create a fair and complementary urban and rural infrastructure and basic public service system.

China's Human Rights Construction Centers on People's Livelihood

1. Concept of People＇s Livelihood in Traditional Chinese Culture The concept of human rights was borrowed from the West. In order to have it become rooted in China, people needed to find traces in Chinese culture on which the human rights theoretical system could be based and the Chinese human rights idea could be realized.

For a Legal Guarantee to Improve People’s Livelihood and Protect Human Rights——Thoughts on policy concerning Social Insurance Law (draft)

The People＇s Republic of China Social Insurance Law （draft） has undergone three readings at the Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress. The Law, once promulgated, will be of great significance to implementation of the constitutional principle of ＂respecting and protecting human rights.＂ It will help regulate the various social insurance relationships and the rights and obligations of the parties involved.

中国传统民本思想及民生实践

中国传统民本思想的核心理念“以民为本”包含三层含义:民为国本,体现了对民众地位的认识;立国为民,体现了对统治者与民众关系的认知;政在养民,体现了对社会发展规律的理解。基于传统民本思想提出的一系列“以厚民生为本”的富民之策,要求统治者采取相应政策,关心民众生计,使民众生活富足。历代统治者推行的改善民生举措主要有重农抑商、务本兴农,轻徭薄赋、体恤民力,不违农时、使民以时,以及约束官吏、勿使扰民等。中国传统民本思想及民生实践促进了近代以来民主思想的发展,对当今推进国家治理现代化亦有重要的借鉴价值。

基本收入制度的兴起与共同富裕型民生的建设

基本收入是工业社会以来部分发达国家面向全体社会成员无条件地支付现金的一项体现社会公正发展的措施或政策安排。基本收入制度强调民众普遍享有,实施基本收入制度有利于筑牢民生底线,缩减资格识别过程中的行政投入和成本,解决民众的基本生活问题,缩减贫富差距,扩大中等收入群体基数。因而,其与共同富裕型民生制度有着很强的涵容性。为了促进基本收入制度与共同富裕型民生颉颃发展,需要明确基本收入制度的功能定位,发掘基本收入制度的合理内核,积极支持各地基本收入制度的试点探索,强化基本收入制度实施的监管,持续优化民生项目,完善托底型民生和基本型民生,扎实保障民众基本生活,使基本收入制度为共同富裕型民生的实现贡献力量。

数字经济与民生协调发展:数字政府的调节作用

数字经济突破性创新对民生发展带来错综复杂的影响,给治理体系和治理能力提出了新的要求。数字政府建设是政府对经济演进到数字形态的自我适应,有望成为政府有效应对数字经济发展带来的民生挑战的破局之策。然而,目前从理论和实证层面深入探究数字政府、数字经济和民生三者之间关系的研究尚较为缺乏。本文从理论上梳理数字经济对民生发展的影响机制以及数字政府在保障数字经济促进民生发展中的作用机制。在此基础上,以中国城市为研究对象,利用面板数据固定效应模型和工具变量法进行实证分析。研究结果显示中国数字经济在起步阶段对民生发展的影响以促进作用为主,异质性分析结果显示数字经济对民生发展的促进作用在西部地区最大、东部地区次之、中部地区最小;数字政府在数字经济促进民生发展中起到正向调节作用。研究发现能为新时代数字政府在数字经济与民生协调发展中发挥重要作用提供理论和实践依据。

完善基本公共服务制度体系

完善基本公共服务制度体系是进一步全面深化改革的战略重点,其战略目标就是与基本现代化相适应的高标准现代化基本公共服务制度体系基本完善,与高质量发展相适应的高品质基本公共服务产品全面普及,从而实现民生“七有”制度体系向民生“七优”制度体系的深刻转变。进一步完善基本生育服务制度体系、基本教育服务制度体系、基本就业服务制度体系与收入分配制度体系、基本医疗保障与服务制度体系、基本养老保障与服务制度体系、基本住房保障制度体系、基本社会服务制度体系;健全与新型城镇化相适应的基本公共服务制度体系,提升优质基本公共服务均等化与可及性水平。

中国民生发展水平评价指标体系构建与测度

文章基于社会质量理论视角,构建包含社会性保障、经济性保障、社会凝聚、社会包容、社会赋权维度的民生发展水平评价指标体系,采用熵值法测度2016—2020年我国30个省份的民生发展水平,并运用Mar⁃kov转移概率矩阵探讨民生发展水平的演进规律。研究表明:从整体来看,各省份的民生发展水平不高;除东部地区外,中部地区、西部地区和东北地区的民生发展水平均不高,而且各省份的民生发展水平缺乏稳定性,呈波动态势;较多省份属于低、极低质量民生发展水平,区域内部民生发展水平呈“分离”现象,东部地区的民生发展水平始终高于中部地区、西部地区和东北地区;各省份的民生发展水平有升级或降级的可能;民生发展水平的空间集聚呈“中心—外围—边缘”的圈层扩散分布格局,在空间格局上呈抱团状、零星状结构。

中国式现代化对资本逻辑的三重超越及世界意义

世界百年未有之大变局下,中国治理体系与治理能力现代化水平的提高,彰显出中国式现代化的突出优势。相较于西方,中国式现代化以多元现代观为基本前提,超越了西方现代化一元统治的格局;以人民至上为根本遵循,将民生福祉置于资本增殖逻辑之上,超越了西方现代化资本至上的价值立场;以独特的政治优势、完善的制度架构和高效的运行模式展现实践伟力,超越了西方现代化盲目追求资本扩张的实践困境。中国式现代化道路的开创,打破了后发国家对西方现代化模式的依赖,拓宽了世界各国走向现代化的路径,具有广泛的世界意义。

《乡村振兴促进法》是实现全体人民共同富裕的根本法

《乡村振兴促进法》是全面推进和实施乡村振兴,实现全体人民共同富裕目标的行动规范,共同富裕的本质特征是全体人民共享美好生活。中国式现代化是实现共同富裕的目标指引,农业强国建设是实现共同富裕的稳固根基,推进共同富裕成为诠释执政党治国理政奋斗历程的最佳注解。劳动创造幸福是实现共同富裕的内生动力,绿色生活是实现共同富裕的发展模式,医养结合是实现共同富裕的民生保障,在共同富裕中推进人的全面发展是最佳的人权表达。提升公共安全治理水平是实现共同富裕目标的重要遵循,扩大社会公众参与范围是实现共同富裕目标的基本路径,完善政府绩效评估方式是实现共同富裕目标的有效监督。

民生财政支出偏向与居民幸福感提升:基于空间溢出效应的实证检验

居民幸福感是社会发展、民生改善以及政府治理的综合体现,民生财政支出是提升居民幸福感的重要途径。文章利用熵权法对2006-2021年中国282个地级及以上城市的居民幸福感进行测算,从空间溢出的视角探讨了民生财政支出对居民幸福感的影响,并进一步研究了其作用机制及异质性。实证研究发现:第一,民生财政支出对居民幸福感的影响存在地区异质性,民生财政对东部地区居民幸福感具有更显著的提升作用;第二,民生财政支出对居民幸福感的影响存在空间相关性,民生财政支出不仅能提高本地居民幸福感,而且对提升周边城市居民幸福感具有显著的正向空间溢出效应;第三,在不同幸福度分位数下,民生财政支出对居民幸福感的影响存在差异,各分项民生财政支出对不同幸福水平地区的居民幸福感影响程度各不相同。

为何与何为:新发展阶段民生服务领域供给侧结构性改革

在新发展阶段,无论是为应对复杂不确定的国内外发展环境而构建以国内大循环为主体的新发展格局,还是积极应对日益严峻的少子老龄化形势,都需要充分发掘民生服务的基础性、战略性作用。民生领域出现的“难”“贵”“烦”等社会问题,正是民生服务有效供给不足、作用尚未充分发挥的集中反映。强调依靠改革的办法促进供给灵活适应需求的供给侧结构性改革,是破解民生服务有效供给不足难题的有效途径。为此,必须直面重点民生服务领域存在的突出问题,积极践行以人民为中心的发展思想,深化供给侧结构性改革,加快建设包容性制度体系与政策生态,采取包容审慎性监管体制与方式,有效调动各类主体的积极性,全面推进不同性质与类型的民生服务包容性发展与治理。

中国现代国家建构的民生路径

中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民从站起来到富起来再到强起来的百年奋斗史,也是中国共产党领导建构以民生为基础的现代国家的百年历程。本文论述了以民生为基础的现代国家建构的基本定义、功能定位、价值旨归、实现方式和作用路径等基本问题,试图揭示中国共产党在领导建构现代国家过程中呈现的“民生救国”“民生立国”“民生富国”“民生强国”的历史演进逻辑,展现从现代“主权国家”到现代“人民国家”建构的价值取向。中国共产党领导人民在建构以民生为基础的现代国家过程中所积累的历史经验,已经成为新时代以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的宝贵财富。

生态环境民生理论与新时期发展任务探究

生态环境作为一项基本公共服务已经成为我国民生体系中的重要组成部分,但目前为止,生态环境民生概念的内涵尚不清晰,理论逻辑、任务路径等研究要点分散,未能形成学界共识.为建立生态环境民生从理论框架、战略路径到任务体系的整体架构,本文开展理论溯源分析,厘清了其在人文社科、自然科学、经济学等多个领域的相关概念、发展路线和研究方向,总结了生态环境民生与中国传统文化及马克思主义自然观的传承关系、与环境正义的演化关系和与人类福祉研究、生态产品价值实现的验证关系.文章结合生态系统服务供给研究和马斯洛需求层次理论初步解析了生态环境民生理论内涵,给出了生态环境与民生福祉的内在联系与时代特征等理论要点,根据新时期对生态环境民生建设的需求建立了以数量、质量、效率三个维度为核心的生态环境民生发展途径,并提出以人民为中心的生态环境质量改善、设定生态产品价值供给区、生态福祉效益释放等主要任务,以期促进生态环境民生研究的系统性发展,并对新时期生态环境民生建设方向提供参考.