44 cats were used in this experiment. The spinal cords of 40 animals were injuredat about L<sub>1</sub> level by using Allen’s method （400g/cm） and randomly divided into 2 groups: A)electro-acupuncture ...44 cats were used in this experiment. The spinal cords of 40 animals were injuredat about L<sub>1</sub> level by using Allen’s method （400g/cm） and randomly divided into 2 groups: A)electro-acupuncture treatment group （n=20） and B) control group（n=20）. 2 weeks after spinalcord injury, 80% of animals in the treatment group were survival and 45% of animals in the con-trol group were survival. There was significant difference between these two groups （p【0. 05）.The motor evoked potential was recorded two weeks after spinal cord injury. The latency of theshort latency peak was 15. 61±4. 98 mS and the amplitude was 10. 61 0. 59 mV in the treatmentgroup; and 21. 7±5. 02 mS and 0. 56±0. 32 mV in the control group. Both latency and amplitudewere significant different between the two groups （P【0. 05, P【0. 05）. The Anti-NF-H （neuro-filament） was determined at 2 and 4 weeks respectively after spinal cord injury. The more NF-Hpositive labeling fibers were found in the treatment group than in the control group （P【0. 01 ）.展开更多
Spinal cord injury（SCI）-induced bone loss represents the most severe osteoporosis with no effective treatment.Past animal studies have focused primarily on long bones at the acute stage using adolescent rodents. To ...Spinal cord injury（SCI）-induced bone loss represents the most severe osteoporosis with no effective treatment.Past animal studies have focused primarily on long bones at the acute stage using adolescent rodents. To mimic chronic SCI in human patients, we performed a comprehensive analysis of long-term structural and mechanical changes in axial and appendicular bones in adult rats after SCI. In this experiment, 4-month-old Fischer 344 male rats received a clinically relevant T13 contusion injury. Sixteen weeks later, sublesional femurs, tibiae,and L4 vertebrae, supralesional humeri, and blood were collected from these rats and additional non-surgery rats for micro-computed tomography（m CT）, micro-finite element, histology, and serum biochemical analyses.At trabecular sites, extreme losses of bone structure and mechanical competence were detected in the metaphysis of sublesional long bones after SCI, while the subchondral part of the same bones showed much milder damage. Marked reductions in bone mass and strength were also observed in sublesional L4 vertebrae but not in supralesional humeri. At cortical sites, SCI induced structural and strength damage in both sub- and supralesional long bones. These changes were accompanied by diminished osteoblast number and activity and increased osteoclast number and activity. Taken together, our study revealed site-specific effects of SCI on bone and demonstrated sustained inhibition of bone formation and elevation of bone resorption at the chronic stage of SCI.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that cell death can activate proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells and promote newly generated cells to migrate to a lesion site. OBJECTIVE： To observe regeneration and differe...BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that cell death can activate proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells and promote newly generated cells to migrate to a lesion site. OBJECTIVE： To observe regeneration and differentiation of neural cells following spinal cord injury in adult rats and to quantitatively analyze the newly differentiated cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell biology experiment was performed at the Institute of Orthopedics and Medical Experimental Center, Lanzhou University, between August 2005 and October 2007. MATERIALS： Fifty adult, Wistar rats of both sexes; 5-bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU, Sigma, USA）; antibodies against neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein （Chemicon, USA）. METHODS： Twenty-five rats were assigned to the spinal cord injury group and received a spinal cord contusion injury. Materials were obtained at day 1, 3, 7, 15, and 29 after injury, with 5 rats for each time point. Twenty-five rats were sham-treated by removing the lamina of the vertebral arch without performing a contusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The phenotype of BrdU-labeled cells, i.e., expression and distribution of surface markers for neurons （neuron-specific enolase）, astrocytes （glial fibrillary acidic protein）, and oligodendrocytes （myelin basic protein）, were identified with immunofluorescence double-labeling. Confocal microscopy was used to detect double-labeled cells by immunofluorescence. Quantitative analysis of newly generated cells was performed with stereological counting methods. RESULTS： There was significant cell production and differentiation after adult rat spinal cord injury. The quantity of newly-generated BrdU-labeled cells in the spinal cord lesion was 75-fold greater than in the corresponding area of control animals. Endogenous neural precursor cells differentiated into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, however spontaneous neuronal differentiation was not detected. Between 7 and 29 d after spinal cord injury, newly generated cells expressed increasingly more mature oligodendrocyte and astrocyte markers. CONCLUSION： Spinal cord injury is a direct inducer of regeneration and differentiation of neural cells. Endogenous neural precursor cells can differentiate into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes following adult rat spinal cord injury.展开更多
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease involving clonal proliferation of langerhans cells seen in children and young adults. Clinical presentation is variable, ranging from a single location in the bone to se...Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease involving clonal proliferation of langerhans cells seen in children and young adults. Clinical presentation is variable, ranging from a single location in the bone to severe multivisceral involvement. Moreover, spinal involvement causing myelopathy is even rare and unusual. We report a rare case of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the dorsal spine causing a spinal cord compression associated with a pulmonary process treated by surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapy with good evolution.展开更多
Thirty cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) were treated by a maneuver-dominated non-surgical therapy. Eighteen cases were recovered to grade E according to the criteria set by the American Spinal Injury Ass...Thirty cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) were treated by a maneuver-dominated non-surgical therapy. Eighteen cases were recovered to grade E according to the criteria set by the American Spinal Injury Association. The effect was definite. Indications and contraindications of the maneuver were proposed on the basis of the pathogenesis of CSM and the principles of this manual method.展开更多
Grafted embryonic central neural tissue pieces can recover function of hemisected spinal cord in neonatal rats and promote axonal growth in adults. However, spinal cord segments from adults have not been used as donor...Grafted embryonic central neural tissue pieces can recover function of hemisected spinal cord in neonatal rats and promote axonal growth in adults. However, spinal cord segments from adults have not been used as donor segments for allogeneic transplantation. Here, we utilized adult spinal cord tissue grafts(aSCGs) as donor constructs for repairing complete spinal cord injury(SCI). Moreover, to provide a favourable microenvironment for SCI treatment, a growth factor cocktail containing three growth factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor), was applied to the aSCG transplants. We found that the locomotor function was significantly improved 12 weeks after transplantation of aSCGs into the spinal cord lesion site in adult rats. Transplantation of aSCGs combined with these growth factors enhanced neuron and oligodendrocyte survival and functional restoration. These encouraging results indicate that treatment of complete SCI by transplanting aSCGs, especially in the presence of growth factors, has a positive effect on motor functional recovery, and therefore could be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy for SCI.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI), especially complete transected SCI, leads to loss of cells and extracellular matrix and functional impairments. In a previous study, we transplanted adult spinal cord tissues(aSCTs) to replace...Spinal cord injury(SCI), especially complete transected SCI, leads to loss of cells and extracellular matrix and functional impairments. In a previous study, we transplanted adult spinal cord tissues(aSCTs) to replace lost tissues and facilitate recovery in a rat SCI model. However, rodents display considerable differences from human patients in the scale, anatomy and functions of spinal cord systems, and responses after injury. Thus, use of a large animal SCI model is required to examine the repair efficiency of potential therapeutic approaches. In this study, we transplanted allogenic aSCTs from adult dogs to the lesion area of canines after complete transection of the thoracic spinal cord, and investigated the long-term cell survival and functional recovery. To enhance repair efficiency, a growth factor cocktail was added during aSCT transplantation, providing a favorable microenvironment. The results showed that transplantation of a SCTs, in particular with the addition of growth factors, significantly improves locomotor function restoration and increases the number of neurofilament-, microtubule-associated protein2-, 5-hydroxytryptamine-, choline acetyltransferase-and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the lesion area at 6 months post-surgery. In addition, we demonstrated that donor neurons in a SCTs can survive for a long period after transplantation. This study showed for the first time that transplanting aSCTs combined with growth factor supplementation facilitates reconstruction of injured spinal cords, and consequently promotes long lasting motor function recovery in a large animal complete transected SCI model, and therefore could be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy in humans.展开更多
Tethered spinal cord syndrome （TCS） is a condition of overstretching or compression of the caudal part of the spinal cord caused by various spinal lesions, such as a tight filum terminale or an intraspinal lipoma.l-...Tethered spinal cord syndrome （TCS） is a condition of overstretching or compression of the caudal part of the spinal cord caused by various spinal lesions, such as a tight filum terminale or an intraspinal lipoma.l-9 Though it is a well-recognized cause of neurological deterioration in childhood, its symptomatic onset in adulthood is uncommon. Eleven cases of TCS are presented here. In addition, their related clinical features, surgical procedures and outcomes are investigated.展开更多
The neurotrophin receptor （p75） activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） pathway. Activation of JNK and its substrate c-Jun can cause apoptosis. Here we evaluate the role of p75 in spinal motoneurons by compari...The neurotrophin receptor （p75） activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） pathway. Activation of JNK and its substrate c-Jun can cause apoptosis. Here we evaluate the role of p75 in spinal motoneurons by comparing immunoreactivity for p75 and phosphorylated c-Jun （p-c-Jun）, the production of JNK activation in axotomized motoneurons in postnatal day （PN）I, PN7, PN14 and adult rats. Intensive p-c-Jun was induced in axotomized motoneurons in PN1 and PN7. In PN14, p-c-Jun expression was sharply reduced after the same injury. The decreased expression of p-c-Jun at this age coincided with a developmental switch of re-expression of p75 in axotomized cells. In adult animals, no p-c-Jun but intensive p75 was detected in axotomized motoneurons. These results indicate differential expression or turnover of phosphorylation of c-Jun and p75 in immature versus mature spinal motoneurons in response to axonal injury. The non-co-occurrence of p75 and p-c-Jun in injured motoneurons indicated that p75 may not activate JNK pathway, suggesting that the p75 may not be involved in cell death in axotomized motoneurons.展开更多
Transplantation of adult spinal cord tissue(aSCT)is a promising treatment for spinal cord injury(SCI)basing on various types of neural cells and matrix components inside aSCT.However,long-term systemic administration ...Transplantation of adult spinal cord tissue(aSCT)is a promising treatment for spinal cord injury(SCI)basing on various types of neural cells and matrix components inside aSCT.However,long-term systemic administration of immunosuppressors(e.g.tacrolimus,TAC)is required for the survival of allogeneic tissue,which often associated with severe side effects such as infection,liver damageand renal failure.In this study,a triglycerol monostearate(TGM)-based TAC delivery system(e.g.TAC@TGM)with high drug loading concentration was developed,which possessed injectable properties as well as sustainable and immune-responsive drug release behaviors.In complete transected SCI model,locally injected TAC@TGM could reduce the infiltration of inflammation cells,enhance the survival of transplanted aSCT(e.g.Tuj-1^(+)and NF^(+)neurons)and promote the recovery of locomotor function.Moreover,controlled release of TAC by TAC@TGM attenuated side effects of TAC on liver and kidneys compared with traditional systemic administration.More importantly,the developed TAC@TGM system provided a facile single dose of long-term immunosuppressive effect not just for aSCT transplantation,but also for other tissue/organ and cell transplantations.展开更多
Traumatic paraplegia is commonly seenin cases with the spinal cord injured. Basedon the significant therapeutic effectivenessobtained from our acupuncture treatment offacial paralysis. monoplegia. hemiplegia andmultip...Traumatic paraplegia is commonly seenin cases with the spinal cord injured. Basedon the significant therapeutic effectivenessobtained from our acupuncture treatment offacial paralysis. monoplegia. hemiplegia andmultiple neuritis, we started to treattraumatic paraplegia with acupuncture in1963. From 1976 to 1993, 428 patients展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and surgical techniques of intramedullary hemangioblastoma of the cervical spinal cord. METHODS: MR imaging and the methods and results of surgery were analyzed in 21 patients. ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and surgical techniques of intramedullary hemangioblastoma of the cervical spinal cord. METHODS: MR imaging and the methods and results of surgery were analyzed in 21 patients. RESULTS: The tumors were divided into three types on MR imaging. Syringeal type, where the tumor varied in size and was accompanied by syringobulbia and syringomyelia; Cystic type, where the tumor presented as a cyst with a small mural node; and Solid type, where the tumor was revealed as a huge solid mass. All tumors were totally removed and diagnosis was confirmed by histological study. Post-operative neurological status was improved in 20 patients and aggravated in 1. CONCLUSIONS: The localization and the nature diagnosis of the tumor can be made by cervical MR imaging. Operative methods vary with tumor types. It is the most important that the tumor is dissected along the right interface and removed after devascularization.展开更多
During the whole life cycle of mammals, new neurons are constantly regenerated in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyms and in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Thanks to emerging methodologies, gr...During the whole life cycle of mammals, new neurons are constantly regenerated in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyms and in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Thanks to emerging methodologies, great progress has been made in the characterization of spinal cord endogenous neural stem cells （ependymal cells） and identification of their role in adult spinal cord development. As recently evidenced, both the intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms of ependymal cells control the sequential steps of the adult spinal cord neurogenesis. This review introduces the concept of adult endogenous neurogenesis, the reaction of ependymal cells after adult spinal cord injury （SCI）, the heterogeneity and markers of ependymal cells, the factors that regulate ependymal cells, and the niches that impact the activation or differentiation of ependymal ceils.展开更多
文摘44 cats were used in this experiment. The spinal cords of 40 animals were injuredat about L<sub>1</sub> level by using Allen’s method （400g/cm） and randomly divided into 2 groups: A)electro-acupuncture treatment group （n=20） and B) control group（n=20）. 2 weeks after spinalcord injury, 80% of animals in the treatment group were survival and 45% of animals in the con-trol group were survival. There was significant difference between these two groups （p【0. 05）.The motor evoked potential was recorded two weeks after spinal cord injury. The latency of theshort latency peak was 15. 61±4. 98 mS and the amplitude was 10. 61 0. 59 mV in the treatmentgroup; and 21. 7±5. 02 mS and 0. 56±0. 32 mV in the control group. Both latency and amplitudewere significant different between the two groups （P【0. 05, P【0. 05）. The Anti-NF-H （neuro-filament） was determined at 2 and 4 weeks respectively after spinal cord injury. The more NF-Hpositive labeling fibers were found in the treatment group than in the control group （P【0. 01 ）.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(R01DK095803 to LQ, 1K08HD049598 to YZ)Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders P30AR050950(NIAMS/NIH)+1 种基金ASBMR Junior Faculty Osteoporosis Basic Research Award(to LQ)NIH/NIAMS R03-AR065145(to XSL)
文摘Spinal cord injury（SCI）-induced bone loss represents the most severe osteoporosis with no effective treatment.Past animal studies have focused primarily on long bones at the acute stage using adolescent rodents. To mimic chronic SCI in human patients, we performed a comprehensive analysis of long-term structural and mechanical changes in axial and appendicular bones in adult rats after SCI. In this experiment, 4-month-old Fischer 344 male rats received a clinically relevant T13 contusion injury. Sixteen weeks later, sublesional femurs, tibiae,and L4 vertebrae, supralesional humeri, and blood were collected from these rats and additional non-surgery rats for micro-computed tomography（m CT）, micro-finite element, histology, and serum biochemical analyses.At trabecular sites, extreme losses of bone structure and mechanical competence were detected in the metaphysis of sublesional long bones after SCI, while the subchondral part of the same bones showed much milder damage. Marked reductions in bone mass and strength were also observed in sublesional L4 vertebrae but not in supralesional humeri. At cortical sites, SCI induced structural and strength damage in both sub- and supralesional long bones. These changes were accompanied by diminished osteoblast number and activity and increased osteoclast number and activity. Taken together, our study revealed site-specific effects of SCI on bone and demonstrated sustained inhibition of bone formation and elevation of bone resorption at the chronic stage of SCI.
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that cell death can activate proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells and promote newly generated cells to migrate to a lesion site. OBJECTIVE： To observe regeneration and differentiation of neural cells following spinal cord injury in adult rats and to quantitatively analyze the newly differentiated cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell biology experiment was performed at the Institute of Orthopedics and Medical Experimental Center, Lanzhou University, between August 2005 and October 2007. MATERIALS： Fifty adult, Wistar rats of both sexes; 5-bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU, Sigma, USA）; antibodies against neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein （Chemicon, USA）. METHODS： Twenty-five rats were assigned to the spinal cord injury group and received a spinal cord contusion injury. Materials were obtained at day 1, 3, 7, 15, and 29 after injury, with 5 rats for each time point. Twenty-five rats were sham-treated by removing the lamina of the vertebral arch without performing a contusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The phenotype of BrdU-labeled cells, i.e., expression and distribution of surface markers for neurons （neuron-specific enolase）, astrocytes （glial fibrillary acidic protein）, and oligodendrocytes （myelin basic protein）, were identified with immunofluorescence double-labeling. Confocal microscopy was used to detect double-labeled cells by immunofluorescence. Quantitative analysis of newly generated cells was performed with stereological counting methods. RESULTS： There was significant cell production and differentiation after adult rat spinal cord injury. The quantity of newly-generated BrdU-labeled cells in the spinal cord lesion was 75-fold greater than in the corresponding area of control animals. Endogenous neural precursor cells differentiated into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, however spontaneous neuronal differentiation was not detected. Between 7 and 29 d after spinal cord injury, newly generated cells expressed increasingly more mature oligodendrocyte and astrocyte markers. CONCLUSION： Spinal cord injury is a direct inducer of regeneration and differentiation of neural cells. Endogenous neural precursor cells can differentiate into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes following adult rat spinal cord injury.
文摘Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease involving clonal proliferation of langerhans cells seen in children and young adults. Clinical presentation is variable, ranging from a single location in the bone to severe multivisceral involvement. Moreover, spinal involvement causing myelopathy is even rare and unusual. We report a rare case of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the dorsal spine causing a spinal cord compression associated with a pulmonary process treated by surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapy with good evolution.
文摘Thirty cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) were treated by a maneuver-dominated non-surgical therapy. Eighteen cases were recovered to grade E according to the criteria set by the American Spinal Injury Association. The effect was definite. Indications and contraindications of the maneuver were proposed on the basis of the pathogenesis of CSM and the principles of this manual method.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81891002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16020100)
文摘Grafted embryonic central neural tissue pieces can recover function of hemisected spinal cord in neonatal rats and promote axonal growth in adults. However, spinal cord segments from adults have not been used as donor segments for allogeneic transplantation. Here, we utilized adult spinal cord tissue grafts(aSCGs) as donor constructs for repairing complete spinal cord injury(SCI). Moreover, to provide a favourable microenvironment for SCI treatment, a growth factor cocktail containing three growth factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor), was applied to the aSCG transplants. We found that the locomotor function was significantly improved 12 weeks after transplantation of aSCGs into the spinal cord lesion site in adult rats. Transplantation of aSCGs combined with these growth factors enhanced neuron and oligodendrocyte survival and functional restoration. These encouraging results indicate that treatment of complete SCI by transplanting aSCGs, especially in the presence of growth factors, has a positive effect on motor functional recovery, and therefore could be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy for SCI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81891002 and 81971178)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16040700)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0104701,2017YFA0104704,2016YFC1101501 and 2016YFC1101502)。
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI), especially complete transected SCI, leads to loss of cells and extracellular matrix and functional impairments. In a previous study, we transplanted adult spinal cord tissues(aSCTs) to replace lost tissues and facilitate recovery in a rat SCI model. However, rodents display considerable differences from human patients in the scale, anatomy and functions of spinal cord systems, and responses after injury. Thus, use of a large animal SCI model is required to examine the repair efficiency of potential therapeutic approaches. In this study, we transplanted allogenic aSCTs from adult dogs to the lesion area of canines after complete transection of the thoracic spinal cord, and investigated the long-term cell survival and functional recovery. To enhance repair efficiency, a growth factor cocktail was added during aSCT transplantation, providing a favorable microenvironment. The results showed that transplantation of a SCTs, in particular with the addition of growth factors, significantly improves locomotor function restoration and increases the number of neurofilament-, microtubule-associated protein2-, 5-hydroxytryptamine-, choline acetyltransferase-and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the lesion area at 6 months post-surgery. In addition, we demonstrated that donor neurons in a SCTs can survive for a long period after transplantation. This study showed for the first time that transplanting aSCTs combined with growth factor supplementation facilitates reconstruction of injured spinal cords, and consequently promotes long lasting motor function recovery in a large animal complete transected SCI model, and therefore could be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy in humans.
文摘Tethered spinal cord syndrome （TCS） is a condition of overstretching or compression of the caudal part of the spinal cord caused by various spinal lesions, such as a tight filum terminale or an intraspinal lipoma.l-9 Though it is a well-recognized cause of neurological deterioration in childhood, its symptomatic onset in adulthood is uncommon. Eleven cases of TCS are presented here. In addition, their related clinical features, surgical procedures and outcomes are investigated.
基金supported by Direct Grant (Project No.2030392) of the Chinese University of Hong KongHK Spinal Cord Injury FoundationNational Key Basic Research Support Foundation (973 Project: 2011CB504402)
文摘The neurotrophin receptor （p75） activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） pathway. Activation of JNK and its substrate c-Jun can cause apoptosis. Here we evaluate the role of p75 in spinal motoneurons by comparing immunoreactivity for p75 and phosphorylated c-Jun （p-c-Jun）, the production of JNK activation in axotomized motoneurons in postnatal day （PN）I, PN7, PN14 and adult rats. Intensive p-c-Jun was induced in axotomized motoneurons in PN1 and PN7. In PN14, p-c-Jun expression was sharply reduced after the same injury. The decreased expression of p-c-Jun at this age coincided with a developmental switch of re-expression of p75 in axotomized cells. In adult animals, no p-c-Jun but intensive p75 was detected in axotomized motoneurons. These results indicate differential expression or turnover of phosphorylation of c-Jun and p75 in immature versus mature spinal motoneurons in response to axonal injury. The non-co-occurrence of p75 and p-c-Jun in injured motoneurons indicated that p75 may not activate JNK pathway, suggesting that the p75 may not be involved in cell death in axotomized motoneurons.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(Grant Number 2021DK2003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 81891000)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities(Grant Number 521119200010)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Numbers XDA16040601,XDA16040704).
文摘Transplantation of adult spinal cord tissue(aSCT)is a promising treatment for spinal cord injury(SCI)basing on various types of neural cells and matrix components inside aSCT.However,long-term systemic administration of immunosuppressors(e.g.tacrolimus,TAC)is required for the survival of allogeneic tissue,which often associated with severe side effects such as infection,liver damageand renal failure.In this study,a triglycerol monostearate(TGM)-based TAC delivery system(e.g.TAC@TGM)with high drug loading concentration was developed,which possessed injectable properties as well as sustainable and immune-responsive drug release behaviors.In complete transected SCI model,locally injected TAC@TGM could reduce the infiltration of inflammation cells,enhance the survival of transplanted aSCT(e.g.Tuj-1^(+)and NF^(+)neurons)and promote the recovery of locomotor function.Moreover,controlled release of TAC by TAC@TGM attenuated side effects of TAC on liver and kidneys compared with traditional systemic administration.More importantly,the developed TAC@TGM system provided a facile single dose of long-term immunosuppressive effect not just for aSCT transplantation,but also for other tissue/organ and cell transplantations.
文摘Traumatic paraplegia is commonly seenin cases with the spinal cord injured. Basedon the significant therapeutic effectivenessobtained from our acupuncture treatment offacial paralysis. monoplegia. hemiplegia andmultiple neuritis, we started to treattraumatic paraplegia with acupuncture in1963. From 1976 to 1993, 428 patients
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and surgical techniques of intramedullary hemangioblastoma of the cervical spinal cord. METHODS: MR imaging and the methods and results of surgery were analyzed in 21 patients. RESULTS: The tumors were divided into three types on MR imaging. Syringeal type, where the tumor varied in size and was accompanied by syringobulbia and syringomyelia; Cystic type, where the tumor presented as a cyst with a small mural node; and Solid type, where the tumor was revealed as a huge solid mass. All tumors were totally removed and diagnosis was confirmed by histological study. Post-operative neurological status was improved in 20 patients and aggravated in 1. CONCLUSIONS: The localization and the nature diagnosis of the tumor can be made by cervical MR imaging. Operative methods vary with tumor types. It is the most important that the tumor is dissected along the right interface and removed after devascularization.
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31130022,31320103903,31271037)the National Science and Technology Pillar Program of China(2012BAI17B04)+2 种基金the International Cooperation in Science and Technology Projects of the Ministry of Science Technology of China(2014DFA30640)the National Ministry of Education Special Fund for Excellent Doctoral Dissertation(201356)the Special Funds for Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Beijing,China(20111000601)
文摘During the whole life cycle of mammals, new neurons are constantly regenerated in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyms and in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Thanks to emerging methodologies, great progress has been made in the characterization of spinal cord endogenous neural stem cells （ependymal cells） and identification of their role in adult spinal cord development. As recently evidenced, both the intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms of ependymal cells control the sequential steps of the adult spinal cord neurogenesis. This review introduces the concept of adult endogenous neurogenesis, the reaction of ependymal cells after adult spinal cord injury （SCI）, the heterogeneity and markers of ependymal cells, the factors that regulate ependymal cells, and the niches that impact the activation or differentiation of ependymal ceils.
