Expert panel’s guideline on cervicogenic headache:The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain recommendation

Cervicogenic headache(CEH)has been recognized as a unique category of headache that can be difficult to diagnose and treat.In China,CEH patients are managed by many different specialties,and the treatment plans remain controversial.Therefore,there is a great need for comprehensive evidence-based Chinese experts’recommendations for the management of CEH.The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain asked an expert panel to develop recommendations for a series of questions that are essential for daily clinical management of patients with CEH.A group of multidisciplinary Chinese Association for the Study of Pain experts identified the clinically relevant topics in CEH.A systematic review of the literature was performed,and evidence supporting the benefits and harms for the management of CEH was summarized.Twenty-four recommendations were finally developed through expert consensus voting for evidence quality and recommendation strength.We hope this guideline provides direction for clinicians and patients making treatment decisions for the management of CEH.

The study of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea and the currents east of the Ryukyu Islands

In this study, the inverse method is used to compute the Kuroshio in the East China Sea and southeast of Kyushu and the currents east of the Ryukyu Islands, on the basis of hydrographic data obtained during September-October, 1987 by R/V Chofu Maru. The results show that: (1)A part of the Taiwan Warm Current has a tendency to converge to the shelf break; (2) the Kuroshio flows across the section C3 (PN) with a reduced current width, and the velocity of the Kuroshio at the section C3 increases and its maximum current speed is about 158 cm/s, and its volume transport here is about 26×106m3/s; (3) the Kuroshio has two current cores at the sections C3 (PN) and B2 (at the Tokara Strait); (4) the currents east of the Ryukyu Islands are found to flow northward over the Ryukyu Trench during September-October, 1987. The velocities of the currents are not strong throughout the depths. At the section C2 east of the Ryukyu Islands, the maximum current speed is at the 699 m levei and its magnitude is 25 cm/s, and its volume transport is about 21×06 m3/s; (5) the volume transports of the Kuroshio through the sections B2 (at the Tokara Strait) and C6 (southeast of Kyushu) are 23. 33, 67. 31×106 m3/s, respectively; (6) there are two meso-scale anticyclonic warm eddies between 135° E and the area east of the Ryukyu Islands, and their characters and hydrographic structure are discussed.

The Study of In-Orbit Calibration Accuracy of NOAA Satellite Infrared Sounder and Its Effect on Temperature Profile Retrievals

The calibration accuracy of High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder Mod. 2 (HIRS / 2) on NOAA-10 satellite is analyzed in this paper. The non-linear effect in the linear calibration curve induces a deviation of 1.5 degrees (k) of brightness temperature in the tenth channel (8.3 um, water vapor absorption) of the HIRS/2 and the non-linear effect affects the other channels to a different extent. Based on analyzing non- linearity in two-point calibration curve, a tri-point calibration equation is given. A numerical test of effects of the linear and non-linear calibration models on the accuracy of atmospheric temperature retrievals is carried out.

Editorial for the special issue of the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain

The Ministry of Health of China officially issued a document,adding the first level diagnosis and treatment discipline“Algology”in the list of diagnosis and treatment subjects of medical institutions on July 16,2007.As the most important pain academic organization in China,the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain has made outstanding contributions in promoting the development of pain discipline and in establishing pain standards and disease diagnosis and treatment guidelines.In this special issue,under the leadership of Yan-Qing Liu,Chairman of the 7th Committee of the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain,nine consensus and one guideline were included.

The study of productivity in the Bohai Sea-Ⅱ. Primary productivity and estimation of potential fish catch

-On the basis of the data obtained from the surveys in the Bohai Sea during 1982-1983, this paper analysed and discussed the distribution and seasonal variation of primary productivity in the Bohai Sea, and the correlations between the primary productivity and environmental factors. The organic carbon production and prospect of fishery production in the waters of this sea are estimated. It is shown that, there exists production patential in the Bohai Sea, the primary production is 112 gC/ (m2 ?a)the production of organic carbon being 10 million ton per year, the fishery yields 1 million ton and the maximum catch of sea products 0. 5 million ton. The results of the investigation can serve as the basic data for the exploitation, utilization and management of the fishery resources in the Bohai Sea.

STUDIES ON CYCLOPENT-2-ENONE: (Ⅲ) THE STUDY ON DECONJUGATION OF CYCLOPENT -2-ENONE ALDOL ADDUCTS

Deconjugation of cyclopent-2-enone aldols were attempted under various conditions, and the desired deconjugated product was achieved via dianion approach. Various results obtained in this study are explained by structure and transition state analysis.

THE STUDY OF THE REACTION OF THE QUASI-AROMATIC COMPLEX [Ni(PnAO)-6H]^(?)WITH FORMALDEHYDE: KINETICS AND MECHANISM

The kinetics of the reaction of [Ni(PnAO)—6H]° with formaldehyde was studied in H_2O—CH_3OH solution under neutral condition and a complicated mechanism with three steps including competitive, consecutive and reverse reactions was proposed.

THE STUDY ON THE MASS TRANSFER MECHANISM OF EUROPIUM ION THROUGH LIQUID SURFACTANT MEMBRANES

The transfer of trivalent europium ion in a liquid surfactant membrane system is investigated in order toclarify the characteristics of liquid membrane separation process and the availability of this technique forrecovering trivalent lanthanides and actinides.A layered structure model for the emulsion globule is sug-gested.The equations describing the relationship among the effective membrane thickness,the time andother factors are derived and verified experimentally.Results show that under certain conditions the decreas-ing concentration of europium ion in the external phase is proportional to the square root of the time,the acidity of the internal phase and the carrier concentration in the membrane phase.The membrane phase consists of kerosene（solvent）,Span-80（surfactant）and di-（2-ethylhexyl） phosphoricacid（HDEHP,carrier）.The internal phase is dilute nitric acid and the external phase is aqueous solu-tion containing Eu（NO3）3.The mass transfer rate of europium in this system is high and the recovery ofeuropium may be more than 99%.

THE STUDY OF LUMINOL-H_2O_2-IO_4^--S^(2-)CHEMILUMINESCENCE SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION

This paper reports a new chemiluminescence system i.e.luminol- H_2O_2-IO_4^- catalyzed by sulphide ion(S^(2-)).Based on this catalysis,a new chemiluminescence(CL)method for the determination of trace S^(2-)is pro- posed.The detection limit is 0.2μg/LS^(2-),the linear dynamic range is 5μg to 100βμg/L S^(2-)and the variation coefficient at an sulphide concentration of 100μg/L S^(2-)is 4.5%(n=10).The method has been satisfactory applied to the determination of trace sulphide ion in water.

Potential utility of aldose reductase-deficient Schwann cells IKARS1 for the study of axonal degeneration and regeneration

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy（DPN）is one of the most common and intractable complications of diabetes mellitus.Its irritating symptoms,such as paresthesia,hyperalgesia and allodynia,can be causes of insomnia and depression;whereas its progression to more advanced stages can result in serious consequences,such as lower limb amputations and lethal arrhythmias.

THE STUDY ON THE WATER SOLUBLE PEPTIDES IN PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM POLLEN EXTRACTION,PURIFICATION,SEQUENCE DETERMINATION AND SYNTHESIS

Four peptides PSPP1,PSPP2,PSPP3 and PSPP4 were purified from the water-extract of Papaver somniferum pollen.Their sequences,with 21,17,13 and 16 amino acid residues respectively,have been determined by Edman degradation-N-terminal dansylation.PSPP2, PSPP3 and PSPP4 were synthesized using solid phase method.The immunopromotive activities of PSPP1,PSPP2,PSPP3,PSPP4 and the initially separated sample PSPP have been also observed by the methods of counting erythrocyte rosette forming cells(ERFC) and T-lymphocyte transformation test in vitro.

THE STUDY OF COPOLYMERIZATION OF p-DIETHYNYLBENZENE WITH OTHER ACETYLENIC DERIVATIVES

The copotymerizations of p-diethynyibenzene(PDEB)with phenytacetylene(PHA),4,4'-diethynytbiphenyt (DEBP)or m-diethynylbenzene(MDEB)are studied in various mole ratios of monomers.The sotubitity pa- rameter(σ_p),swellabitity(θ_p),Huggins parameter(X),density (d_4^(25))and the average motecutar weights between crosstinksof obtained copotymers are measured.The IR spectra of these copolymers are recorded.The mechanism about the polymerization of acetytenic derivatives initiated by(Ph_3P)_2PdCl_2 is discussed.

THE STUDY OF PHOTOELECTROCHEHICAL CELLS BASED ON CHLOROPHYLL AND ORGANIC DYES

Tetraiodofluorescein(TIF)and safranine T(ST)had great effects on the photovoltaic parameters of the cells.The Voc of the cells was about 3-5 times higher than that of the cells without TIK and ST,Isc increased 1 to 2 orders of magnitude.The Voc and Isc could be increased greatly only when Voc and Isc of the cell with Pt as WE properly combined with the Voc and Isc produced by chla in the original cell.According to absorption spectra and output characters,the results were elucidated.

THE STUDY ON RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN TIANJIN, CHINA AND ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA

To explore the possible explanation of the marked difference in the incidence of breast cancer between Chinese and Australian women, the authors have compared and analysed the results of two case-control studies completed recently in Tianjin, China and Adelaide, Australia. Of 10 known risk factors for breast cancer 9 were significantly higher in level in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women, i.e., women in Adelaide were much taller, heavier, more obese, earlier at menarche, later at first full-term pregnancy, more nulliparous, less parity, more in history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, more educated. From the 7 risk factors analysed by use of logistic regression model 5 factors, i.e., earlier age at menarche, later age at first full-term pregnancy, less parity, history of benign disease, and history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, were associated significantly with the increased risk for breast cancer in the Tianjin study, but not in Adelaide study. These factors being not associated with breast cancer in Adelaide women were unexpected. The explanation of the indefinite findings in Adelaide study was due to the fact that the level of the risk factor is universally high, relatively uniform and lack of categories. The difference in the risk factor distribution between cases and controle would not be seen in case-control studies, and significance of the risk factor therefore may not be found. According to data on diet survey in these two cities, the calories from fat was significantly higher in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women. The marked difference in incidence in women in the two cities resulted from the summing-up effect of a number of factors. The important role of fat intake in geographical incidence difference and in the development of breast cancer was also discussed.

THE STUDY ON POST-REMISSION THERAPIES IN PATIENTS WITH APL AFTER COMPLETE REMISSION INDUCED BY ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID

As to determine the effect of post-remission therapy in prolonging survival and duration of remission after complete remission, 50 patients with APL In complete remission Induced by retinolc acid (RA) were divided into three groups randomly: (A) 30 cases, treated by alternate chemotherapy with RA; (B) 10 cases, with RA alone; (C) 10 cases, only with chemotherapy.The survival curves showed mat Group A had the survival time more than 1 year In 87. 4 %, more than 2 year in 80.7%. 26/30 cases were survival and still in remission, the survival curve tend to be a plateau at 16 months. In Group B more than 1 year in 45. 7%. In Group C, more than 1 year In 50%. (Keplan-Meler x2 = 8. 93 P <0. 01).This result showed that the alternate chemotherapy with RA for post- Induction remission therapy could be useful to Improve long-term survivors and to prolong the duration of remission.

THE STUDY ON TRE KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE REACTIONS OF METAL IONS WITH PnAO

The kinetics and the mechanism of the formation reactions of M(PnAO)^(2+)(M=Ni,Co,Cu)were studied with UV Spectrophotometer and Stopped Flow Spectrophotometer and a three steps mechanism was suggested.

THE STUDY OF THE NON-STEADY KINETICS OF THE OXYDEHYDROGENATION OF ETHANE TO ETHYLENE OVER THE CATALYST OF Mo-V-Nb/Al_2O_3 BY THE TECHNIQUE OF TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED TRANSIENT RESPONSE AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY

In this paper, instead of with the more expensive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR) a new technique of Temperature Programmed Transient Response(TP-TR) has been used with gas chromatography. Therefore, the TP-TR will be applied more widespreadly than ever before. With the technique of TP-TR and electric conductivity, the study is on the reaction mechanism and the adsorption behavior of the reactants and products to the present catalyst Mo-V-Nb/Al_2O_3 in the reaction from ethane through oxydehydrogenation to ethylene as the product. By Range-Kutta-Gill and Margarat methods, the kinetic parameters of the reaction elementary steps (i.e. rate constants, active energies and frequency factors) have been evaluated. The mathematical treatment coincides with the experimental results.

The Study of Cation Distributions in the Dehydrated KFI-Type Zeolites

Eased on four constant parameters (the site energy differences E-M2-E-M1 = 25.50 kJ/mol, E-M3-E-M1 = -10.73 kJ/mol and the potential energies of interactions between the cation pairs occupying adjacent sites W-12 = 45.60 kJ/mol W-14 = 0.56 kJ/mol) and a temperature-dependent parameter E-M4-E-M1 = 2.68(T/323)(2.5) kJ/mol, the equilibrium distributions of the exchangeable cations, K-s(+,), over those four available cation sites in K22.4Al22.4Si73.6O192 are studied by the simulated annealing method.

THE STUDY OF ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF MACROCYCLIC LACTONES

The effects of the chain length and stereo-factor of substrates and solvents on the lipase catalysed lactonization of ω-hydroxy-ester were studied, And also the catalytic effects of various enzymes were compared.

THE STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HLA DQB LOCI AND GASTRIC CANCER

We used PCR SSOP technique to study the blood of 56 patients and the HLA DQB loci in 22 cancer tissue of them. No significance was found between control group and stomach cancer group of their gene frequencies P>0 05), but ten kinds of genotype frequency increased greatly (0306X/0306X, 0306X/0304, 0306X/0401,020/020, 0501/06052,0501/0606X,0501/0501,0501/0603, 0307/0402,0301/0301,P<0 025). The typing results of cancer tissue showed no difference to their blood, and accordance rate was 100%. Our study suggests that:①Some HLA DQB genotypes may take actions in the pathologic of stomach cancer; ② The gene level of HLA DQB alleles in not participated in the abnormal presentation of HLA DQB in stomach cancer tissue.