BACKGROUND Although gastrointestinal(GI)cancers have been becoming a great public health concern in China,there is currently a lack of comprehensive literature on the overall burden and changing trends of GI cancers i...BACKGROUND Although gastrointestinal(GI)cancers have been becoming a great public health concern in China,there is currently a lack of comprehensive literature on the overall burden and changing trends of GI cancers in the working-age population.AIM To assess the burden of GI cancers and to examine the overall,age-and genderspecific trends among the working-age population in China from 1990 to 2019.METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.The burden of GI cancers was indicated by incidence,mortality,disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs),age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate,and age-standardized DALYs rate.Trends in the burden of GI cancers from 1990 to 2019 were examined using annual percent change and average annual percent change with Joinpoint regression models.RESULTS For overall GI cancers,a declining trend was observed in the ASIR,age-standardized mortality rate,and agestandardized DALYs rate,with reductions of 0.74%,2.23%,and 2.22%,respectively,from 1999 to 2019 in the Chinese working-age population.However,an increasing trend was observed in the ASIR for overall GI cancers from 2016-2019.The number of either incident cases,mortality cases,and DALYs was higher for colon/rectum cancer and liver cancer in younger participants but lower for esophageal,gallbladder,biliary tract,pancreatic,and stomach cancer among older subjects.Moreover,sex disparity in the GI cancers burden was also examined over 30 years.CONCLUSION The total burden of GI cancers remained heavy among the working-age population in China,although declining trends were observed from 1999 to 2019.Disparities in the GI cancers burden existed between sexes,age groups,and cancer types.Population-based precision prevention strategies are needed to tackle GI cancers among working-age individuals,considering the age,sex,and cancer type disparities in China.展开更多
The population of the Tibet Autonomous Region which is thinly scattered, is almost entirely Tibetan. The unique high and cold climate, varied and changeable topography and social economic and human environment restri...The population of the Tibet Autonomous Region which is thinly scattered, is almost entirely Tibetan. The unique high and cold climate, varied and changeable topography and social economic and human environment restrict population mobility in the region. Historically there were little statistic documents and the early data about population scale is poorly reliable. After the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, its population went up continuously, and the growth rate has been higher than the national average level since 1964. The general tendency was that the pattern of population increase had changed within a short period. At first, the death rate was lowered quickly and the natural population increase speed was quickened, then, the death rate was lowered further, and the birth rate began to rise at a quick speed. After 1970, both the death rate and birth rate was generally stable, the level was relatively lower than before, the death rate slowed down at a quicker speed than the birth rate. The natural population increase rate rose extremely slowly, which formed the population development situation of fast but steady increase. The future population development tendency is that, the quick increase tendency characterized by young population will continue for quite a long time, and the pressure of future population increase upon resources environment will become increasingly great. The age structure and sex composition of population in Tibet, rather low since long time ago, became increasingly high upon entering the 1980s, but it was still the lowest one compared to other provinces or regions in China. The main reason is due to the low sex ratio of Tibetan infants and children caused by the low sex ratio of newly born infants and the high death rate of male infants, which will slow down the population increase in a limited way. There are few barren lands appropriate for farming and there exist many restricting factors for cultivation or utilization. With further increase in Tibetan population, it is inevitable that per capita available cultivated land will drop continuously. The problem of food supply in Tibet will still be the main issue in its regional development with the increase of population. It is impossible to support a quickly increasing population with the limited agricultural resources in Tibet. Therefore, the population development direction of Tibet can only be to tighten quantity control and to popularize family planning knowledge among Tibetan people. It is a fundamental strategic policy for the social and economic development in Tibet if family planning can be followed progressively on a voluntary basis.展开更多
The most essential step in adjusting and improving the childbearing policy, the universal two-child policy will produce far-reaching impacts on the future development of China’s population. With its implementation, t...The most essential step in adjusting and improving the childbearing policy, the universal two-child policy will produce far-reaching impacts on the future development of China’s population. With its implementation, the country’s total population will peak later, the underage population and its proportion will increase substantially, the working-age population will experience a slower decline, and the aging of China’s population will be eased. However, the drop in the proportion of working-age people over the last 15 years has expedited the reduction of the demographic dividend, the elderly population will remain unaffected over the next 60 years, the aging of the population will continue to deepen, and at the same time, the increased child dependency burden will expand the overall dependency ratio.展开更多
On the basis of sufficient considerations to the attributes of China＇s development and uniqueness of population aging, this paper examines the overall impacts of China＇s population aging on labor supply in the four ...On the basis of sufficient considerations to the attributes of China＇s development and uniqueness of population aging, this paper examines the overall impacts of China＇s population aging on labor supply in the four aspects of education level, skill level, work intensi（y and the share of working age population. Results indicate that despite the irreversibil#y in the decline of labor supply under the effect of intensifying degrees of population aging in the long run, this tendency will be weakened or slowed down by the improvement in labor quali^y. It is expected that China＇s real labor supply will not encounter a significant turning point by 2027, which is 12 years later than the occurrence of decline in nominal labor supply measured by labor quanti~展开更多
The abnormal increase of drifting brown alga Sargassum horneri was initially documented in 2007.It formed blooms along the coast of East China Sea and Yellow Sea in 2017.In this study,we investigated the changes of sp...The abnormal increase of drifting brown alga Sargassum horneri was initially documented in 2007.It formed blooms along the coast of East China Sea and Yellow Sea in 2017.In this study,we investigated the changes of specific growth rate and resource accumulation of drifting S.horneri in response to temperature and nitrogen richness at different growth stages under laboratory condition.The investigation lasted from June 2015 to April 2016 with the observation made every two months.The results showed that the life cycle consists of a few growth stages dividable with morphological characteristics.The growth can be divided into shedding and withering(August),rapid growing(October to September),slow growing(February),rapid growing(April)and maturation(June)stages.Under the experimental condition,algal segments were found to grow at temperatures ranging from 5 to 25℃in 12 days even when nitrogen is deficient.A significant difference in the special growth rate(SGR)between nitrogen-enriched and nitrogen-removed treatments was found in most months(P<0.05).SGR was lower in August and February than that in other months.Nitrogen and chlorophyll contents in algal segments were different among different temperatures,nitrogen supply and seasons.Nitrogen content was higher in February and April than that in other months in both nitrogen-enriched and nitrogen-removed treatments.The results showed that the demand of S.horneri for nitrogen increased in spring when it grows fast.It is likely that the high temperature and nitrogen concentration in winter and spring lead to the high biomass accumulation of drifting S.horneri.展开更多
We are accustomed to solve the problem of the water scarcity in the western region by the thought of increasing the effective supply of water to meet the needs of Go-west Campaign. After introducing the dynamic equili...We are accustomed to solve the problem of the water scarcity in the western region by the thought of increasing the effective supply of water to meet the needs of Go-west Campaign. After introducing the dynamic equilibrium principle on supply and demand in economy, we find that we should solve the problem of the water scarcity in the western region through reducing total demand to achieve the dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand. Finally water resources in the western region can be enlarged by an accumulated way.展开更多
基金Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation,No.YKK22195National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.52078254.
文摘BACKGROUND Although gastrointestinal(GI)cancers have been becoming a great public health concern in China,there is currently a lack of comprehensive literature on the overall burden and changing trends of GI cancers in the working-age population.AIM To assess the burden of GI cancers and to examine the overall,age-and genderspecific trends among the working-age population in China from 1990 to 2019.METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.The burden of GI cancers was indicated by incidence,mortality,disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs),age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate,and age-standardized DALYs rate.Trends in the burden of GI cancers from 1990 to 2019 were examined using annual percent change and average annual percent change with Joinpoint regression models.RESULTS For overall GI cancers,a declining trend was observed in the ASIR,age-standardized mortality rate,and agestandardized DALYs rate,with reductions of 0.74%,2.23%,and 2.22%,respectively,from 1999 to 2019 in the Chinese working-age population.However,an increasing trend was observed in the ASIR for overall GI cancers from 2016-2019.The number of either incident cases,mortality cases,and DALYs was higher for colon/rectum cancer and liver cancer in younger participants but lower for esophageal,gallbladder,biliary tract,pancreatic,and stomach cancer among older subjects.Moreover,sex disparity in the GI cancers burden was also examined over 30 years.CONCLUSION The total burden of GI cancers remained heavy among the working-age population in China,although declining trends were observed from 1999 to 2019.Disparities in the GI cancers burden existed between sexes,age groups,and cancer types.Population-based precision prevention strategies are needed to tackle GI cancers among working-age individuals,considering the age,sex,and cancer type disparities in China.
文摘The population of the Tibet Autonomous Region which is thinly scattered, is almost entirely Tibetan. The unique high and cold climate, varied and changeable topography and social economic and human environment restrict population mobility in the region. Historically there were little statistic documents and the early data about population scale is poorly reliable. After the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, its population went up continuously, and the growth rate has been higher than the national average level since 1964. The general tendency was that the pattern of population increase had changed within a short period. At first, the death rate was lowered quickly and the natural population increase speed was quickened, then, the death rate was lowered further, and the birth rate began to rise at a quick speed. After 1970, both the death rate and birth rate was generally stable, the level was relatively lower than before, the death rate slowed down at a quicker speed than the birth rate. The natural population increase rate rose extremely slowly, which formed the population development situation of fast but steady increase. The future population development tendency is that, the quick increase tendency characterized by young population will continue for quite a long time, and the pressure of future population increase upon resources environment will become increasingly great. The age structure and sex composition of population in Tibet, rather low since long time ago, became increasingly high upon entering the 1980s, but it was still the lowest one compared to other provinces or regions in China. The main reason is due to the low sex ratio of Tibetan infants and children caused by the low sex ratio of newly born infants and the high death rate of male infants, which will slow down the population increase in a limited way. There are few barren lands appropriate for farming and there exist many restricting factors for cultivation or utilization. With further increase in Tibetan population, it is inevitable that per capita available cultivated land will drop continuously. The problem of food supply in Tibet will still be the main issue in its regional development with the increase of population. It is impossible to support a quickly increasing population with the limited agricultural resources in Tibet. Therefore, the population development direction of Tibet can only be to tighten quantity control and to popularize family planning knowledge among Tibetan people. It is a fundamental strategic policy for the social and economic development in Tibet if family planning can be followed progressively on a voluntary basis.
基金received grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation as a major project(Project Approval No.:71490731)
文摘The most essential step in adjusting and improving the childbearing policy, the universal two-child policy will produce far-reaching impacts on the future development of China’s population. With its implementation, the country’s total population will peak later, the underage population and its proportion will increase substantially, the working-age population will experience a slower decline, and the aging of China’s population will be eased. However, the drop in the proportion of working-age people over the last 15 years has expedited the reduction of the demographic dividend, the elderly population will remain unaffected over the next 60 years, the aging of the population will continue to deepen, and at the same time, the increased child dependency burden will expand the overall dependency ratio.
文摘On the basis of sufficient considerations to the attributes of China＇s development and uniqueness of population aging, this paper examines the overall impacts of China＇s population aging on labor supply in the four aspects of education level, skill level, work intensi（y and the share of working age population. Results indicate that despite the irreversibil#y in the decline of labor supply under the effect of intensifying degrees of population aging in the long run, this tendency will be weakened or slowed down by the improvement in labor quali^y. It is expected that China＇s real labor supply will not encounter a significant turning point by 2027, which is 12 years later than the occurrence of decline in nominal labor supply measured by labor quanti~
基金supported by the Public Science and Technology Research Funds of Ocean from State Oceanic Administration, People’s Republic of China (Nos. 200905 0202, 201405040-4)
文摘The abnormal increase of drifting brown alga Sargassum horneri was initially documented in 2007.It formed blooms along the coast of East China Sea and Yellow Sea in 2017.In this study,we investigated the changes of specific growth rate and resource accumulation of drifting S.horneri in response to temperature and nitrogen richness at different growth stages under laboratory condition.The investigation lasted from June 2015 to April 2016 with the observation made every two months.The results showed that the life cycle consists of a few growth stages dividable with morphological characteristics.The growth can be divided into shedding and withering(August),rapid growing(October to September),slow growing(February),rapid growing(April)and maturation(June)stages.Under the experimental condition,algal segments were found to grow at temperatures ranging from 5 to 25℃in 12 days even when nitrogen is deficient.A significant difference in the special growth rate(SGR)between nitrogen-enriched and nitrogen-removed treatments was found in most months(P<0.05).SGR was lower in August and February than that in other months.Nitrogen and chlorophyll contents in algal segments were different among different temperatures,nitrogen supply and seasons.Nitrogen content was higher in February and April than that in other months in both nitrogen-enriched and nitrogen-removed treatments.The results showed that the demand of S.horneri for nitrogen increased in spring when it grows fast.It is likely that the high temperature and nitrogen concentration in winter and spring lead to the high biomass accumulation of drifting S.horneri.
文摘We are accustomed to solve the problem of the water scarcity in the western region by the thought of increasing the effective supply of water to meet the needs of Go-west Campaign. After introducing the dynamic equilibrium principle on supply and demand in economy, we find that we should solve the problem of the water scarcity in the western region through reducing total demand to achieve the dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand. Finally water resources in the western region can be enlarged by an accumulated way.
