State Scholarship and Loan Forgiveness Programs in the United States: Forgotten Driver of Access to Health Care in Underserved Areas

State-supported programs providing loans and scholarships in exchange for service in under-served areas provide an important source of financial support for medical students while encouraging them to select careers in primary care. The purpose of this research was to seek a better understanding of these often unheralded but important state sources of support, and learn if they have continued to grow in the twenty-first century. Administrative data were obtained on state-supported programs operating in 2008 that provided financial support to students, resident or practicing physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives, dentists, and licensed mental healthcare providers in exchange for service in an underserved area. The authors identified numbers, types of state-supported programs, program workforce strength, and features of state programs. In 2008, 75 state programs, operating in 37 states, collectively had 5113 program participants under contract. Loan repayment programs (n = 42, 56%) were the most common type of state-supported programs. Practitioners signed initial contracts in 2008 totaled 1173, with more non-physicians (n = 681, 58%) signing initial contracts than physicians (n = 492, 42%). Additionally, 2803 practitioners were serving in programs in 2008. Field placement was also slightly greater among non-physicians in 2008 (n = 1433, 51%) than physicians (n = 1370, 49%). State support-for-service programs remains an important source of financial assistance for those willing to make service commitments in underserved areas. Moreover, these programs continue to increase in size, even amidst the economic malaise, and provide an obligated primary care workforce in underserved areas.

The importance of different forms of prevention in travel medicine

The Asia-Pacific region is becoming an increasingly popular destination for holidaymakers and business travelers.Despite the seductive tourist attractions and the growing financial importance of the region,infectious diseases have unfortunately repeatedly caused major epidemics in the region.The area includes various geographical situations from high mountains to the subtropical and monsoon forests,dry deserts and seashore.The travel medicine specialist’s task is to decrease the various risk of travel to the region.Infectious diseases,extreme temperatures and marine hazards could be almost entirely prevented by primary prevention forms of travel medicine such as vaccination,chemoprophylaxis and pretravel advice.There are some high-risk groups(e.g.,elderly people,backpackers,families with children,adventure travelers) among the growing number of tourists.Obviously,the increased numbers of such travelers result in a rising incidence of travelrelated illnesses and accidents.For those groups,primary prevention sometimes is not enough. The pretravel medical check up,specialists’ consultations and treatment,as forms of secondary prevention,are also essential in travel medicine.Patients who suffer from serious illnesses or who have accidents must often be repatriated."State-of-the-art repatriation",as a special form of tertiary prevention of travel medicine will play an important role in the future and is direcdy related to effective travel insurance,which could help in providing good medical care to the patients even far from their home.The levels,methods and importance of prevention in travel medicine are discussed in this article.

Challenges of the dialog between humanization of health and medicine for the assistance to woman health in the Brazilian scenario

The present article aims to present, by a bibliographic review, the current challenges of the dialog among fundamental issues referring to humanization as for current public policy in Brazilian scenario. The first one concerns with national health humanization policies and ultimately the humanization of the assistance to the woman’s health, especially at delivery and child birth. Using the hermeneutic dialectic as methodology, it’s understood that having these three facets, dialog consists not only of a great challenge but also of a condition on being put into practice, and expected issues become an effective reality.

Discussion on the Social Ethics of Campus Credit

Campus loans refer to the behavior of students borrowing money from all kinds of loan platforms.Some data show that the student group,especially college students,will pass the economic pressure of online loan,so in recent years,the college financial service industry has become one of the fastest growing product categories of P2P finance.However,because college students lack certain financial awareness and protection awareness,and if there is no fixed income source,the loan behavior will be easily used by criminals and fall into the trap of bad campus loans.From the relevant reports,the campus loan has become a social problem,and the social impact brought by it is increasingly dangerous to the social order.

Physical Education Teaching Assistant Perceptions on Classroom Management and Teaching Effectiveness

This research examined graduate students in physical education TA （teaching assistant） positions instructing lower level classes, and how classroom management skills prior to student teaching may improve the quality of TA classroom instruction. A survey was conducted with TA graduate students instructing lower level classes and an examination of their opinions and open mindedness as to the idea of education in leadership methods and class management to improve the quality of TA instruction. The following questions were examined in the survey： comparative importance between classroom management and mastery of skills, having detailed knowledge of a subject to teach entry level classes in this subject or having leadership capabilities to successfully manage the class, and knowledge level of the subjects they are teaching. This study revealed that most TAs believe that knowing and developing classroom management skills can help enhance their efficiency of content delivery for students. Thus, it is imperative for colleges and universities to seek highly qualified individuals with TA positions while providing training to improve their classroom management and leadership skills. The authors offer suggestions for development of TAs further.

Survey and Thought on Graduates' Repayment Awareness of Student Loan in Agricultural Universities and Colleges

To find out graduates' repayment awareness of student loan,we conducted a questionnaire survey for those graduates who applied for student loan in Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering.The survey has following results.First,the national student loan plays an important role in assisting poor students in finishing their study.Second,graduates value social function of personal credit.Third,trustworthiness education activities carried out by colleges and universities are effective.Fourth,economic income is a major factor of graduates repaying capital with interest.Fifth,bank's student loan management system is not perfect.Sixth,the national student loan system remains to be improved.In line with these results,we put forward five countermeasures and suggestions:strengthen the trustworthiness education of students;standardize the credit investigation management of students' personal credit;establish student information management mechanism;standardize banks' payment reminder administration behavior;and perfect national student loan system.

高校助力乡村教育振兴的价值旨归、现实困境及推进路径

乡村教育作为建设教育强国的后劲力量需要高校发挥龙头作用对其助力才能共同推进教育强国建设,但由于高校尚未发现助力乡村教育振兴对其自身发展的价值所在,即深耕人才培养——乡村教育高质量发展的核心使命,强化科学研究——乡村教育现代化发展的基础支柱,履行社会服务——乡村教育人文化发展的责任担当。高校在助力乡村教育时面临着人才供需失衡——乡村教育人力资源匮乏,研究下沉困难——乡村教育科研资源缺失,服务意识淡薄——乡村教育内生动力不足等困难。为了使高校能够与乡村教育建立共赢的合作机制,可以通过“创新育人模式,形成帮扶带学科化体系”“发挥资源优势,促进产学研一体化发展”“统筹各方力量,构建校农社协同化机制”等路径展开实践。

从资助到危机:美国高校学生资助政策演进中未兑现的平等承诺

1965年颁布的《高等教育法》是美国的一部里程碑式高等教育法案,以学生资助政策为核心,旨在消除贫困学生接受高等教育的经济障碍。该法案诞生之初以促进高等教育机会平等为使命,在实施过程中确实为弱势群体接受高等教育发挥了重要作用。然而,随着时代的变化以及政策本身的流变,在经历了数次重新授权和修订之后,《高等教育法》中的学生资助政策逐渐异化,甚至走向资助的反面,演变成学生长久无法摆脱的经济枷锁乃至全社会的债务危机。法案的平等初心回应了弱势群体对高等教育的期待,但这一承诺在法案的实施过程中逐渐淡化,资助政策的方向发生偏移,出现了资助对象泛化、资助方式从助学金向贷款项目不断倾斜、高校学费快速攀升和学生贷款债务难以偿还等诸多问题,以促进平等为初衷的《高等教育法》并未真正打破弱势群体的贫困循环。尽管资助规模不断扩大,但旨在促进平等的资助最终蜕变为弱势群体的债务枷锁,庞大的学生贷款债务成为联邦政府和全社会的沉重负担。学生资助政策基于平等原则而制定,但实施效果与立法宗旨及政策制定者的设想相去甚远,其原因既有高等教育中平等与卓越两大追求的冲突,也有特定时代背景和特殊政治体制的影响。在教育政策的实施中如何不忘初心,实现教育公平,既是理解美国教育的批判视角,也是当下需要审慎思考的普遍议题。

高职院校基于“帮学课程”的范式研究

高职“帮学课程”范式是针对“以学生为中心”的教育教学。通过电力专业“帮学课程”范式的实施,对“帮助学生学习”的核心理念开展教育教学、加强产教融合一体的实践性操作、提升考核评价螺旋式指导目标的研究水平,促进教育教学帮助学生全面、个性化、自助式发展,对学生的学习形成强有力的指引,具有现实性、针对性和强化学生职业素养的价值。

教育情境下辅助技术应用:政策架构与核心领域

目的研究国内外关于残疾儿童辅助技术服务相关政策与核心领域,探讨教育情境下特殊儿童辅助技术的应用。方法基于联合国、世界卫生组织(WHO)和国内关于辅助技术服务相关政策和理论架构,采用WHO辅助技术服务体系6大要素和5P服务模式的要素理论,以及国际国内辅助技术分类和目录清单,分析教育情境中辅助技术的政策架构和核心领域。结果《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)给出教育情景中辅助技术的定义和分类,以《残疾人权利公约》(CRPD)为核心、《残疾儿童辅助技术》策略构成了国际政策的核心,教育情景下辅助技术应用的核心领域,依据WHO辅助技术服务体系的领导力与治理能力、筹资、健康人力资源、服务提供、医药技术和健康信息系统6大要素,建立由伙伴、政策、产品、从业人员、服务提供5个相关领域构成的5P模式的以人为本的辅助技术生态系统,重点关注促进获得和使用辅助技术的相关人员、相关政策、相关产品、相关从业人员和相关服务。结论教育情境中辅助技术的应用政策与核心领域以ICF为基础,以CRPD为核心,以《残疾儿童辅助技术》策略而形成,其主旨在于科学界定教育情境中辅助技术的定义,从权利的视角,全面、高效、以残疾儿童为中心发展和推动残疾儿童辅助技术服务,为保障残疾儿童享受平等、优质的教育提供可用、可访问、可负担、可适应、可接受和有质量的辅助技术服务,提升残疾儿童教育质量,提高生活质量和福祉。可通过5P模式,建立以人为本的辅助技术生态系统,创新发展残疾儿童辅助技术服务。

教育标准化与人工智能辅助教学的协同机制研究

本文从数据整合与分析、个性化学习设计、实时反馈与调整、技术整合与平台建设、数据共享与分析、教育者培训与跨学科合作六个方面,深入分析教育标准化和人工智能辅助教学在协同发展中的互补关系,通过整合两者的优势,探讨了构建更灵活、高效的教育环境的途径。

黄炎培劳动教育观与高职院校劳动教育的实践探索

在阐释黄炎培劳动教育观和新时代劳动教育理论的基础上,分析两者内涵价值的契合之处,通过黄炎培劳动教育观的视角,深入挖掘当前高职院校劳动教育实施的问题难点,建议高职院校以黄炎培劳动教育观为指导,构建“三进三融三助”劳动教育体系。通过做好“三进入”,加强劳动教育“知”的渗透;抓好“三融合”,提升劳动教育“情”的感悟;落实“三助力”,做实劳动教育“行”的实践。以此破解劳动教育现实困境,为探索具有中国特色的高职劳动教育模式提供可借鉴的途径。

“提质培优”背景下高职名班主任工作室:价值、策略与探索

在职业教育“双高”建设和“提质培优”双重背景下,针对当前高职名班主任工作室建设制度不完善、模式不成熟、优势未发挥等问题,从职业发展、人才培养、团队建设等3个方面分析高职学校建设名班主任工作室的必要性,提出“两助力四结合”建设模式,并以杨凌职业技术学院水利工程专业名班主任工作室为例,创新开展常态化研讨、公众号交流、品牌化输出等实践探索,构建名班主任工作室的建设框架,促进班主任团队能力提升,提高学生管理水平,对专业发展起到了促进作用。该建设模式为高职层次名班主任工作室建设提供了借鉴样板。

辅助大学物理课程及思政建设的教学实践——搭建网络媒体新平台

加强科普教育和思政建设是高校创新人才培养的重要内容,大学物理课程是良好载体,网络媒体是目前流行的信息传播模式.基于此,通过搭建网络媒体新平台,对大学物理辅助教学进行设计,融入思政教育,达到教学辅助、思政育人、广泛科普的目的.现已开设微信科普公众号,发布媒体超110个,关注人数超800人,浏览次数达数万次,并举办了科普知识竞赛和开放话题热点讨论等,媒体新平台的搭建和运行良好,较好地达到了预期目标.

社区矫正工作需要明晰的几个问题

社区矫正的价值理念和立法精神直接决定着社区矫正的制度建构。我国社区矫正制度应是以“教育矫正”和“融入社会”为特质的制度形态。教育帮扶则是做好社区矫正工作的核心和重中之重。从社区矫正的权力性质来看,社区矫正的权力属于特殊司法行政权的范畴,是公权力的表现形式,大致可划分为以下几个层次:社区矫正的刑罚执行权、社区矫正的刑事执法权、社区矫正的行政管理权。不同的权力分属于不同的社区矫正参与机关。刑罚执行是社区矫正的法律基础,是社区矫正工作开展的合法性依据;刑事执法是社区矫正的保障和前提,为有效开展社区矫正工作奠定基础条件;教育帮扶是社区矫正的主要目的和核心内容,也是《社区矫正法》的价值取向。

高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设长效机制构建:意义、问题与路径

高职院校的高质量发展离不开行政教辅人员,其为教学与科研、学校与学生提供了学习和生活的保障,发挥着不可替代的作用。构建高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设长效机制有助于引导其树立正确的教育观、事业观、人才观,坚定理想信念,厚植爱国情怀,涵养崇高师德。当前,高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设存在部分行政教辅人员思想素质有待提高、师德师风建设和育人功能脱节、师德师风典范引领作用不突出等问题,应该通过强化理论学习、素质提升、榜样示范、制度约束等构建高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设长效机制。

粤黔教育协作高质量发展面临的挑战与推进对策

教育协作作为粤黔协作的重要组成部分,对促进两地教育高质量发展有巨大的助推作用。通过透视粤黔两省前期的“组团式”教育帮扶实践得知,随着协作的纵深推进,两地教育队伍的互动交流不断加强,受帮扶地区教师能力持续提高,教育理念和教学体系不断完善,教学条件与教学需求更加适配,学生学习能力不断提升,教育帮扶正向教育协作高质量发展推进。通过分析发现,当前粤黔教育协作高质量发展在制度、技术、内容和主体四个层面仍面临巨大挑战,表现为教育协作存在制度壁垒、教育协作数字化技术应用受限、教育协作体系设置不完善、教育协作参与主体利益协调机制不完善。要推进粤黔教育协作高质量发展,还需创新教育协作制度、技术赋能协作过程、深化教育协作内容、完善主体利益协调机制。

非洲数字教育发展的挑战、愿景及对援非教育行动的建议

促进非洲数字教育发展是当前我国共建“一带一路”倡议下对非洲国家开展教育援助的重要内容。非洲数字教育发展目前主要存在数字教育基础设施不足且分布不均、教师的数字应用能力不强、学生面对教育数字化转型的准备度不充分等挑战。深度分析非洲43个国家向教育变革峰会提交的《国家承诺声明》后发现,确保人人享有数字学习的机会、开发高质量的数字学习内容和普遍易获得的数字学习平台、促进数字教育教学方法革新,是非洲应对挑战提出的未来发展愿景。据此,从增强数字教育基础设施援助的针对性、多手段为非洲教师数字素养的提升提供支持和分享数字教育教学方法改革的“中国经验”三个方面,为我国实施援非教育行动战略提供具体建议。

线上视频宣教联合同伴互助模式在儿童肱骨髁上骨折术后康复中的应用研究

目的探讨肱骨髁上骨折患儿术后接受线上视频宣教联合同伴互助模式干预的临床价值。方法选择2022年1月至12月于江西省儿童医院接受手术治疗的肱骨髁上骨折患儿60例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组接受常规骨科手术护理;观察组患儿在常规骨科护理基础上,接受线上视频宣教联合同伴互助模式干预。比较两组患儿护理干预后的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、治疗依从性和家长满意度。结果观察组护理后的VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿的治疗总依从率高于对照组,观察组的患儿家属总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论接受手术治疗的肱骨髁上骨折患儿接受线上视频宣教联合同伴互助模式干预,能缓解患儿的疼痛,使治疗依从性及家长满意度得到同步提升,使效果更加理想,可在今后工作中,普遍推广应用,更多患儿能够从中受益。

规范化路径在骨科患者临床治疗中的价值

目的探讨移动护理信息化系统的规范化路径在骨科住院患者临床治疗中的价值。方法选取2017年1~12月骨科收治的100例患者为对照组,选取2018年1~12月收治的的100例患者为试验组。对照组采用传统常规护理,试验组在常规护理期间,开展基于PDA终端的移动护理信息系统应用。比较2组患者临床信息收集与核对时间、健康教育知晓率、护理操作时间、术前访视时间和术前满意度、护理不良事件发生率和护理满意度。结果与对照组比较,试验组患者信息收集时间、身份识别时间、各项护理操作前信息核对时间均显著缩短(P<0.05);试验组患者护理记录书写时间、护理评估时间、患者体征数据采集时间均显著缩短(P<0.05);试验组患者合理饮食、按时用药、液体控制率均显著升高(P<0.05);试验组患者术前访视时间缩短,术前满意度升高(P<0.05);试验组患者不良事件发生率显著下降(P<0.05);试验组满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论移动护理信息化系统的规范化路径在住院患者医疗和健康管理中的应用具有显著效果,值得在临床实践中推广应用。