On the Rule of Law Path for Inclusive Education to Empower Education Assistance for Persons with Disabilities

Inclusive education is the mainstream of developing education for persons with disabilities worldwide.It advocates the recognition and protection of the right of persons with disabilities to receive inclusive education in mainstream schools.From the perspective of inclusive education,the educational assistance system for persons with disabilities represents a theoretical innovation in traditional educational support methods,playing a crucial role in integrating persons with disabilities into society,reversing their disadvantaged status,and maintaining educational equity.At present,China's legal system for inclusive education assistance for persons with disabilities needs improvement,and faces several obstacles,including conceptual“limited capacity”,“monotonous”subjects,“crowding-out”obstacles and supervision“absence”obstacles.It is urgent to begin with the transformation of the rule of law concept,clarify the legal positioning of multiple responsibility subjects,achieve mutual reinforcement of education law and education aid legislation,establish a supervision system for inclusive education assistance,and improve the legal framework for educational assistance for persons with disabilities.This will ensure that persons with disabilities can successfully realize their right to education,share in the benefits of social development,and ultimately contribute to achieving common prosperity.

State Scholarship and Loan Forgiveness Programs in the United States: Forgotten Driver of Access to Health Care in Underserved Areas

State-supported programs providing loans and scholarships in exchange for service in under-served areas provide an important source of financial support for medical students while encouraging them to select careers in primary care. The purpose of this research was to seek a better understanding of these often unheralded but important state sources of support, and learn if they have continued to grow in the twenty-first century. Administrative data were obtained on state-supported programs operating in 2008 that provided financial support to students, resident or practicing physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives, dentists, and licensed mental healthcare providers in exchange for service in an underserved area. The authors identified numbers, types of state-supported programs, program workforce strength, and features of state programs. In 2008, 75 state programs, operating in 37 states, collectively had 5113 program participants under contract. Loan repayment programs (n = 42, 56%) were the most common type of state-supported programs. Practitioners signed initial contracts in 2008 totaled 1173, with more non-physicians (n = 681, 58%) signing initial contracts than physicians (n = 492, 42%). Additionally, 2803 practitioners were serving in programs in 2008. Field placement was also slightly greater among non-physicians in 2008 (n = 1433, 51%) than physicians (n = 1370, 49%). State support-for-service programs remains an important source of financial assistance for those willing to make service commitments in underserved areas. Moreover, these programs continue to increase in size, even amidst the economic malaise, and provide an obligated primary care workforce in underserved areas.

The importance of different forms of prevention in travel medicine

The Asia-Pacific region is becoming an increasingly popular destination for holidaymakers and business travelers.Despite the seductive tourist attractions and the growing financial importance of the region,infectious diseases have unfortunately repeatedly caused major epidemics in the region.The area includes various geographical situations from high mountains to the subtropical and monsoon forests,dry deserts and seashore.The travel medicine specialist’s task is to decrease the various risk of travel to the region.Infectious diseases,extreme temperatures and marine hazards could be almost entirely prevented by primary prevention forms of travel medicine such as vaccination,chemoprophylaxis and pretravel advice.There are some high-risk groups(e.g.,elderly people,backpackers,families with children,adventure travelers) among the growing number of tourists.Obviously,the increased numbers of such travelers result in a rising incidence of travelrelated illnesses and accidents.For those groups,primary prevention sometimes is not enough. The pretravel medical check up,specialists’ consultations and treatment,as forms of secondary prevention,are also essential in travel medicine.Patients who suffer from serious illnesses or who have accidents must often be repatriated."State-of-the-art repatriation",as a special form of tertiary prevention of travel medicine will play an important role in the future and is direcdy related to effective travel insurance,which could help in providing good medical care to the patients even far from their home.The levels,methods and importance of prevention in travel medicine are discussed in this article.

Challenges of the dialog between humanization of health and medicine for the assistance to woman health in the Brazilian scenario

The present article aims to present, by a bibliographic review, the current challenges of the dialog among fundamental issues referring to humanization as for current public policy in Brazilian scenario. The first one concerns with national health humanization policies and ultimately the humanization of the assistance to the woman’s health, especially at delivery and child birth. Using the hermeneutic dialectic as methodology, it’s understood that having these three facets, dialog consists not only of a great challenge but also of a condition on being put into practice, and expected issues become an effective reality.

Discussion on the Social Ethics of Campus Credit

Campus loans refer to the behavior of students borrowing money from all kinds of loan platforms.Some data show that the student group,especially college students,will pass the economic pressure of online loan,so in recent years,the college financial service industry has become one of the fastest growing product categories of P2P finance.However,because college students lack certain financial awareness and protection awareness,and if there is no fixed income source,the loan behavior will be easily used by criminals and fall into the trap of bad campus loans.From the relevant reports,the campus loan has become a social problem,and the social impact brought by it is increasingly dangerous to the social order.

Physical Education Teaching Assistant Perceptions on Classroom Management and Teaching Effectiveness

This research examined graduate students in physical education TA （teaching assistant） positions instructing lower level classes, and how classroom management skills prior to student teaching may improve the quality of TA classroom instruction. A survey was conducted with TA graduate students instructing lower level classes and an examination of their opinions and open mindedness as to the idea of education in leadership methods and class management to improve the quality of TA instruction. The following questions were examined in the survey： comparative importance between classroom management and mastery of skills, having detailed knowledge of a subject to teach entry level classes in this subject or having leadership capabilities to successfully manage the class, and knowledge level of the subjects they are teaching. This study revealed that most TAs believe that knowing and developing classroom management skills can help enhance their efficiency of content delivery for students. Thus, it is imperative for colleges and universities to seek highly qualified individuals with TA positions while providing training to improve their classroom management and leadership skills. The authors offer suggestions for development of TAs further.

Survey and Thought on Graduates' Repayment Awareness of Student Loan in Agricultural Universities and Colleges

To find out graduates' repayment awareness of student loan,we conducted a questionnaire survey for those graduates who applied for student loan in Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering.The survey has following results.First,the national student loan plays an important role in assisting poor students in finishing their study.Second,graduates value social function of personal credit.Third,trustworthiness education activities carried out by colleges and universities are effective.Fourth,economic income is a major factor of graduates repaying capital with interest.Fifth,bank's student loan management system is not perfect.Sixth,the national student loan system remains to be improved.In line with these results,we put forward five countermeasures and suggestions:strengthen the trustworthiness education of students;standardize the credit investigation management of students' personal credit;establish student information management mechanism;standardize banks' payment reminder administration behavior;and perfect national student loan system.

Mathematica数学软件用于高职数学辅助教学初探

文章介绍了引入Mathematica数学软件进行数学教学的研究与实践,给出了一种新的数学教学模式、数学学习模式,论述了Mathematica数学软件在培养学生学习数学中的作用。

Computer Assisted Learning for Improving Cattle Palpation Skills of Veterinary Students

This study investigated the effect of a computer assisted learning (CAL) tool on the development of skills in palpation of the reproductive tract of the cow per rectum (rectal palpation) by fourth-year students in a Bachelor of Veterinary Science (BVSc) degree program. A secondary aim was to determine if animal welfare could be improved by the CAL intervention. The CAL tool was developed to provide: vivid, three-dimensional interactive graphics of the relevant anatomy and skills;a comprehensive glossary of terminology used in association with the skills;and formative assessment tasks. Prior to its introduction to the course, industry stakeholders assessed the CAL tool graphics as an accurate depiction of the procedures. Two consecutive cohorts of students were surveyed prior to (n = 91) and after the CAL intervention (n = 111). Responses to student surveys suggested that post-intervention skills were learned at approximately the same rate as pre-intervention. However, tutor surveys indicated that students in the pre-intervention group may have had insufficient understanding for accurate self-assessment compared to post-intervention students. According to tutors, substantially more students in the post-intervention group gained practical skills at an improved rate and to a higher level of competency. Both student and tutor surveys indicated that there was a minimal discomfort to animals in these practical classes. From an animal welfare point-of-view, it was concluded that the intervention would not result in a reduction in the number of animals required during practical sessions. However, due to the preparation and reinforcement provided by the CAL tool, animals were used more efficiently by students after the intervention, resulting in the attainment of a higher level of skill. Knowledge gained from this study may be relevant to other disciplines requiring students to develop practical skills associated with animals or humans.

Education Experiment： Short Time Education-Long Time Results for Practice

In the years 2011-2013 a big educational project for medical staff in Czech Republic （CR） was performed. The project was focused on Safety of Staffs in The Health Care in the Czech Republic. Project had a practical approach--in total, 1948 staff members in the health care were educated in 26 seminars and 9 conferences （main topics： clients-staffcommunication, prevention of needle inject by intravenous application, safety application oncologic drugs, enteral nutrition）. In this project, a mini project was included. 550 health care staff members from the hospital in the town of Jihlava were educated in the approach and communication with aggressive patients or their relatives. Nurses and nurses assistant were educated during 14 seminars （one seminar was for max. 40 staff members and took 120 m）. The main goal of this mini project was to find out the possibilities of staff members education in the health care area in a short time period and to teach them the key skills in approach with aggressive patients. The evaluation was made after 12 months from start of the mini project. Seminars were unique not only with evaluations but also with the own contain （impact by experiences, influence by emotions and infinite number of real situations）. The feedback of questionnaires was 42 %. 50.6% respondents used successfully the gained ski/Is in their practice （negotiation with patients, aggressive related）. 42.7% respondents also used successfully the gained skills in their private life. It was found out that with the used skills the courage by conflict resolution was created. 70% respondents plan to use skills in the future.

“Internet + Education” Empowers Rural Revitalization

“Internet+education”uses education information technology to effectively alleviate the digital gap in education,promote education equity and improve the quality of education,and empower rural revitalization.The survey found that“Internet+education”has deviations in rural assistance,including problems such as insufficient learning drive for students,low accuracy and effectiveness of education assistance,and lagging in the systematic reform of educational functions.This article proposes three dimensions to improve the construction and help rural revitalization.Firstly,reshaping the concept of education and building a community of teachers and students.Then,strengthening technical support and expanding the construction of educational informatization and finally,evaluating comprehensively the diversification,and optimizing the function of“Internet+education”.

高校助力乡村教育振兴的价值旨归、现实困境及推进路径

乡村教育作为建设教育强国的后劲力量需要高校发挥龙头作用对其助力才能共同推进教育强国建设,但由于高校尚未发现助力乡村教育振兴对其自身发展的价值所在,即深耕人才培养——乡村教育高质量发展的核心使命,强化科学研究——乡村教育现代化发展的基础支柱,履行社会服务——乡村教育人文化发展的责任担当。高校在助力乡村教育时面临着人才供需失衡——乡村教育人力资源匮乏,研究下沉困难——乡村教育科研资源缺失,服务意识淡薄——乡村教育内生动力不足等困难。为了使高校能够与乡村教育建立共赢的合作机制,可以通过“创新育人模式,形成帮扶带学科化体系”“发挥资源优势,促进产学研一体化发展”“统筹各方力量,构建校农社协同化机制”等路径展开实践。

教育情境下辅助技术应用:政策架构与核心领域

目的研究国内外关于残疾儿童辅助技术服务相关政策与核心领域,探讨教育情境下特殊儿童辅助技术的应用。方法基于联合国、世界卫生组织(WHO)和国内关于辅助技术服务相关政策和理论架构,采用WHO辅助技术服务体系6大要素和5P服务模式的要素理论,以及国际国内辅助技术分类和目录清单,分析教育情境中辅助技术的政策架构和核心领域。结果《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)给出教育情景中辅助技术的定义和分类,以《残疾人权利公约》(CRPD)为核心、《残疾儿童辅助技术》策略构成了国际政策的核心,教育情景下辅助技术应用的核心领域,依据WHO辅助技术服务体系的领导力与治理能力、筹资、健康人力资源、服务提供、医药技术和健康信息系统6大要素,建立由伙伴、政策、产品、从业人员、服务提供5个相关领域构成的5P模式的以人为本的辅助技术生态系统,重点关注促进获得和使用辅助技术的相关人员、相关政策、相关产品、相关从业人员和相关服务。结论教育情境中辅助技术的应用政策与核心领域以ICF为基础,以CRPD为核心,以《残疾儿童辅助技术》策略而形成,其主旨在于科学界定教育情境中辅助技术的定义,从权利的视角,全面、高效、以残疾儿童为中心发展和推动残疾儿童辅助技术服务,为保障残疾儿童享受平等、优质的教育提供可用、可访问、可负担、可适应、可接受和有质量的辅助技术服务,提升残疾儿童教育质量,提高生活质量和福祉。可通过5P模式,建立以人为本的辅助技术生态系统,创新发展残疾儿童辅助技术服务。

高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设长效机制构建:意义、问题与路径

高职院校的高质量发展离不开行政教辅人员,其为教学与科研、学校与学生提供了学习和生活的保障,发挥着不可替代的作用。构建高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设长效机制有助于引导其树立正确的教育观、事业观、人才观,坚定理想信念,厚植爱国情怀,涵养崇高师德。当前,高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设存在部分行政教辅人员思想素质有待提高、师德师风建设和育人功能脱节、师德师风典范引领作用不突出等问题,应该通过强化理论学习、素质提升、榜样示范、制度约束等构建高职院校行政教辅人员师德师风建设长效机制。

从资助到危机:美国高校学生资助政策演进中未兑现的平等承诺

1965年颁布的《高等教育法》是美国的一部里程碑式高等教育法案,以学生资助政策为核心,旨在消除贫困学生接受高等教育的经济障碍。该法案诞生之初以促进高等教育机会平等为使命,在实施过程中确实为弱势群体接受高等教育发挥了重要作用。然而,随着时代的变化以及政策本身的流变,在经历了数次重新授权和修订之后,《高等教育法》中的学生资助政策逐渐异化,甚至走向资助的反面,演变成学生长久无法摆脱的经济枷锁乃至全社会的债务危机。法案的平等初心回应了弱势群体对高等教育的期待,但这一承诺在法案的实施过程中逐渐淡化,资助政策的方向发生偏移,出现了资助对象泛化、资助方式从助学金向贷款项目不断倾斜、高校学费快速攀升和学生贷款债务难以偿还等诸多问题,以促进平等为初衷的《高等教育法》并未真正打破弱势群体的贫困循环。尽管资助规模不断扩大,但旨在促进平等的资助最终蜕变为弱势群体的债务枷锁,庞大的学生贷款债务成为联邦政府和全社会的沉重负担。学生资助政策基于平等原则而制定,但实施效果与立法宗旨及政策制定者的设想相去甚远,其原因既有高等教育中平等与卓越两大追求的冲突,也有特定时代背景和特殊政治体制的影响。在教育政策的实施中如何不忘初心,实现教育公平,既是理解美国教育的批判视角,也是当下需要审慎思考的普遍议题。

辅助技术在教育中的应用:政策架构与发展研究

目的探讨国内外有关辅助技术在教育中应用的相关政策架构与核心内容,为实施相关的政策,推动辅助技术在教育中的应用提供政策支持。方法辅助技术在教育中的应用是一个交叉领域,涉及融合教育和康复等。辅助技术是康复的一个重要领域。本研究系统分析了教育领域中辅助技术应用的国际和国内政策架构与内容,国际政策以联合国残疾人权利公约为架构,分析联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)、世界卫生组织(WHO)以及联合国儿童基金会等主要国际组织发布的教育和辅助技术应用政策文件。国内政策以残疾人保障法为依据,结合无障碍环境建设法的相关内容,全面分析了有关《残疾人教育条例》以及《“十四五”特殊教育发展提升行动计划》的内容。政策分析架构采用WHO的健康服务体系的6大构成要素,包括服务体系、支持体系、监测系统以及治理架构、筹资、人力资源以及技术模式等。结果国际政策以联合国残疾人权利公约为指导,提出辅助技术在教育领域应用的指导原则、技术支持和治理架构,强调辅助技术在提升教育包容性和无障碍中的作用,强调构建辅助技术服务与支持体系、监测机制和协同治理机制的重要性。中国相关政策以残疾人保障法和无障碍环境建设法为依据,《残疾人教育条例》强调有关部门应当采取优惠政策和措施,支持研究、生产残疾人教育教学专用仪器设备、教具、学具、软件及其他辅助用品;《“十四五”特殊教育发展提升行动计划》对辅助技术在教育中的应用提供了详细的行动计划,强调在特殊教育领域,通过建设特殊教育资源教室和数字教育资源平台,提供多层次辅助支持,从而满足残疾学生个性化的学习需求。结论辅助技术应用的政策架构对于实现包容性教育至关重要。应完善教育环境下辅助技术应用的政策架构,建立服务体系和支持体系,提升数字化辅助技术的应用水平,促进融合教育的发展,确保所有学生,特别是残疾学生,获得平等的教育机会。

高职院校基于“帮学课程”的范式研究

高职“帮学课程”范式是针对“以学生为中心”的教育教学。通过电力专业“帮学课程”范式的实施,对“帮助学生学习”的核心理念开展教育教学、加强产教融合一体的实践性操作、提升考核评价螺旋式指导目标的研究水平,促进教育教学帮助学生全面、个性化、自助式发展,对学生的学习形成强有力的指引,具有现实性、针对性和强化学生职业素养的价值。

三维计算机辅助解剖教学在住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探索三维计算机辅助(3-demensional computer assisted instruction,3D CAI)颞骨解剖教学在住院医师规范化培训中的应用。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2023年1月于西安交通大学第二附属医院耳科学专业进行住院医师规范化培训的58名学员,按照参加培训的时间将其分为试验组和对照组。2018年1月—2020年12月的23名住院医师作为对照组,2021年1月—2023年12月的35名住院医师作为试验组,分别采用传统教学方法和3D CAI进行颞骨解剖授课和培训。结束后,分别对2组医师进行解剖名词(中耳、内耳、侧颅底)、解剖空间方位、解剖标志认识和颞骨CT阅片能力测试,并对教学方法、教学内容的满意度进行问卷调查。在学习前后对2组进行自信心评价评,即是否颞骨解剖结构不易理解、是否有信心辨识颞骨解剖结构。比较2组医生的测试成绩、对教学的满意度以及学习自信心。结果试验组医师的中耳和内耳解剖测试成绩与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组在侧颅底解剖、解剖空间方位、解剖标志认识、颞骨CT阅片成绩分别为7(7,8)、8(7,8)、8(7,9)和(82.12±8.37)分,均高于对照组[5(5,6),5(5,6),6(6,7)和(74.65±7.96)分](P<0.05)。试验组对教学内容的满意度为85.71%,对教学方法的满意度为91.43%,高于对照组对教学内容和教学方法的满意度(60.87%和65.22%)(P<0.05)。经过学习,试验组有62.86%的医师认为颞骨解剖容易记忆和理解,71.43%的医师认为有信心辨识出颞骨解剖结构,均高于对照组(34.78%和4.38%)(P<0.05)。结论3D CAI颞骨解剖教学内容新颖,可激发学员的学习兴趣和信心,减少其对晦涩的解剖知识的抵触和恐惧,有助于提高耳科住院医师规范化培训的效率。

教育公平视域下城县高中教研共同体建设探索——以哈师大附中教育帮扶实践为例

在教育公平的视阈下,示范高中与县域高中教研共同体的建立对新课程新教材实施、育人方式变革、办学质量提升具有重要价值。基于高水平教研共同体建设的要求,为了更好地推进示范高中与县域托管,助推县域高中优质化办学,学校开展多方面的经验探索:坚持理念引领,助力育人质量提升;把脉县域教育,构建教研管理体系;聚焦提质增效,领航县域教研活动;明确未来方向,找准县域发展路径。