In China, which is facing economic reform and the rapid development of small-scale industries, various occupational hazards are reappearing. The problems are related to the ignorance of the managers and the workers, a...In China, which is facing economic reform and the rapid development of small-scale industries, various occupational hazards are reappearing. The problems are related to the ignorance of the managers and the workers, a lack of capital, the insufficiency of occupational health services, and the transfer of some hazardous work from large factories in the cities to small plants in the towns and villages. The change in life-style, especially in smoking habits, has aggravated occupational hazards. The problems may be solved by renewing the concept of health among the managers and workers, enforcing legislation related to occupational hazards, strengthening health personnel training, and reinforcing health education and self-help. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.展开更多
Background: Workers in the stone industry are exposed to many ocular health hazards. There is a paucity of data on the profile of ophthalmic disorders in this vulnerable group, especially in developing countries. Aim:...Background: Workers in the stone industry are exposed to many ocular health hazards. There is a paucity of data on the profile of ophthalmic disorders in this vulnerable group, especially in developing countries. Aim: We aimed to determine the burden and spectrum of ophthalmic disorders in stone workers in Abakiliki, Nigeria. Methods: In a population-based cross-sectional survey of stone industry workers conducted in Nigeria, between February and April 2012, relevant data from participants were collected. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed and statistical significance was indicated by p Results: Participants (n = 384;males, 158;females, 226) were aged 32 ± 11.8 SD years (range, 14 - 68 years) and comprised 105 (27.3%) stone quarry workers and 226 (72.7%) stone processing workers. Of these, 298 (77.6%) had some form of ophthalmic disorder, which frequently involved the ocular anterior segment (69.9%) or posterior segment (4.9%). Work-related eye injuries were reported by 36.5% of employees. Leading disorders were anterior segment: pterygium-associated (37.9%). Visual impairment (2.9%) and monocular blindness (1.3%) were reported. The prevalence of eye disorders was not significantly associated with participant socio-demographic or work characteristics. Male gender (p = 0.001) and engagement in stone processing (p = 0.001) were significant predictors of work-related eye injury. Conclusions: Among stone industry workers in Abakaliki, Nigeria, there is a high prevalence of ophthalmic disorders, frequently of the ocular anterior segment, and work-related eye injuries are commonly reported. Occupational eye health education, provision of protective eye devices and appropriate ophthalmic care are suggested.展开更多
目的了解北京市某区涉苯企业劳动者职业卫生服务(occupational health service,OHS)享受情况,探讨OHS过程中存在的问题,为促进辖区OHS发展提供建议。方法采用问卷调查方法,对涉苯企业劳动者OHS调查数据进行χ2检验。结果劳动者劳动合同...目的了解北京市某区涉苯企业劳动者职业卫生服务(occupational health service,OHS)享受情况,探讨OHS过程中存在的问题,为促进辖区OHS发展提供建议。方法采用问卷调查方法,对涉苯企业劳动者OHS调查数据进行χ2检验。结果劳动者劳动合同签订率为96.3%;劳动者合同告知率为66.1%,随年龄、工龄增加而下降(P<0.01);劳动者工伤保险缴纳率为81.3%,外地户籍工低于本地户籍工,并随文化程度、工龄降低而下降(P<0.01);劳动者上岗前职业卫生培训率为87.5%,随文化程度增高而升高(P<0.01);劳动者在岗定期职业卫生培训率为79.1%,随文化程度增高而升高,随工龄增加而下降(P<0.01);上岗前职业健康检查率为28.5%。结论劳动者OHS享受情况整体水平不高,受年龄、工龄、文化程度影响;OHS过程中存在不公平性;应督促用人单位落实职业病防治的主体责任,提高劳动者OHS水平。展开更多
文摘In China, which is facing economic reform and the rapid development of small-scale industries, various occupational hazards are reappearing. The problems are related to the ignorance of the managers and the workers, a lack of capital, the insufficiency of occupational health services, and the transfer of some hazardous work from large factories in the cities to small plants in the towns and villages. The change in life-style, especially in smoking habits, has aggravated occupational hazards. The problems may be solved by renewing the concept of health among the managers and workers, enforcing legislation related to occupational hazards, strengthening health personnel training, and reinforcing health education and self-help. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.
文摘Background: Workers in the stone industry are exposed to many ocular health hazards. There is a paucity of data on the profile of ophthalmic disorders in this vulnerable group, especially in developing countries. Aim: We aimed to determine the burden and spectrum of ophthalmic disorders in stone workers in Abakiliki, Nigeria. Methods: In a population-based cross-sectional survey of stone industry workers conducted in Nigeria, between February and April 2012, relevant data from participants were collected. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed and statistical significance was indicated by p Results: Participants (n = 384;males, 158;females, 226) were aged 32 ± 11.8 SD years (range, 14 - 68 years) and comprised 105 (27.3%) stone quarry workers and 226 (72.7%) stone processing workers. Of these, 298 (77.6%) had some form of ophthalmic disorder, which frequently involved the ocular anterior segment (69.9%) or posterior segment (4.9%). Work-related eye injuries were reported by 36.5% of employees. Leading disorders were anterior segment: pterygium-associated (37.9%). Visual impairment (2.9%) and monocular blindness (1.3%) were reported. The prevalence of eye disorders was not significantly associated with participant socio-demographic or work characteristics. Male gender (p = 0.001) and engagement in stone processing (p = 0.001) were significant predictors of work-related eye injury. Conclusions: Among stone industry workers in Abakaliki, Nigeria, there is a high prevalence of ophthalmic disorders, frequently of the ocular anterior segment, and work-related eye injuries are commonly reported. Occupational eye health education, provision of protective eye devices and appropriate ophthalmic care are suggested.
文摘目的了解北京市某区涉苯企业劳动者职业卫生服务(occupational health service,OHS)享受情况,探讨OHS过程中存在的问题,为促进辖区OHS发展提供建议。方法采用问卷调查方法,对涉苯企业劳动者OHS调查数据进行χ2检验。结果劳动者劳动合同签订率为96.3%;劳动者合同告知率为66.1%,随年龄、工龄增加而下降(P<0.01);劳动者工伤保险缴纳率为81.3%,外地户籍工低于本地户籍工,并随文化程度、工龄降低而下降(P<0.01);劳动者上岗前职业卫生培训率为87.5%,随文化程度增高而升高(P<0.01);劳动者在岗定期职业卫生培训率为79.1%,随文化程度增高而升高,随工龄增加而下降(P<0.01);上岗前职业健康检查率为28.5%。结论劳动者OHS享受情况整体水平不高,受年龄、工龄、文化程度影响;OHS过程中存在不公平性;应督促用人单位落实职业病防治的主体责任,提高劳动者OHS水平。
