The Place of Nursing Theory in the Management of Post-Operative Infections in a Hospital Environment: Case of Cibitoke District Hospital

Introduction: Post-operative infections, such as surgical site infections (SSIs), are a significant concern in healthcare settings. Nurses play a crucial role in the prevention and management of these infections. The use of nursing theory could contribute to the prevention of SSIs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nursing theory in the management of surgical site infections (SSIs) in a hospital environment. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using descriptive and analytical methods to assess the role of nursing theory in the management of Post-operative infections (POI) in a hospital setting in October 2023. The study population consisted of nurses working in the Surgery, Emergency, and Maternity units at Cibitoke District Hospital. A sample size of 71 nurses working full or part time in the Surgery were invited to participate in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, and SPSS version 21.0 software was used for analysis. Results: The study found that nursing theory did not have any statistically significant place in the management of POI (p-value = 0.523). However, the results showed that experience was the only significant factor influencing the management of POI (p-value = 0.004). This is explained by the analysis of the net effects of the explanatory variable where we noticed that those who had more experience were more likely to manage post-operative infections. The participants’ knowledge regarding nursing theory in the management was poor as they scored less than 30% in all the variables used to measure their knowledge. Conclusion: The study revealed that nurses’ knowledge of nursing theories and their applications in the management of SSIs was poor. Continuing professional development, curriculum review, and in-service training were highly recommended.

Timing theory integrated nursing combined behavior change integrated theory of nursing on primiparous influence

BACKGROUND The comprehension and utilization of timing theory and behavior change can offer a more extensive and individualized provision of support and treatment alternatives for primipara.This has the potential to enhance the psychological well-being and overall quality of life for primipara,while also furnishing healthcare providers with efficacious interventions to tackle the psychological and physiological obstacles encountered during the stages of pregnancy and postpartum.AIM To explore the effect of timing theory combined with behavior change on selfefficacy,negative emotions and quality of life in patients with primipara.METHODS A total of 80 primipara cases were selected and admitted to our hospital between August 2020 and May 2022.These cases were divided into two groups,namely the observation group and the control group,with 40 cases in each group.The nursing interventions differed between the two groups,with the control group receiving routine nursing and the observation group receiving integrated nursing based on the timing theory and behavior change.The study aimed to compare the pre-and post-nursing scores of Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS),Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),breast milk knowledge,self-efficacy,and SF-36 quality of life in both groups.RESULTS After nursing,the CPSS,EPDS,and SAS scores of the two groups was significantly lower than that before nursing,and the CPSS,EPDS,and SAS scores of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P=0.002,P=0.011,and P=0.001 respectively).After nursing,the breastfeeding knowledge mastery,selfefficacy,and SF-36 quality of life scores was significantly higher than that before nursing,and the breastfeeding knowledge mastery(P=0.013),self-efficacy(P=0.008),and SF-36 quality of life(P=0.011)scores of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group.CONCLUSION The integration of timing theory and behavior change integrated theory has been found to be an effective approach in alleviating negative mood and stress experienced by primipara individuals,while also enhancing their selfefficacy and overall quality of life.This study focuses on the key concepts of timing theory,behavior change,primipara individuals,negative mood,and quality of life.

Application of Stakeholder Theory in the Management Mode of Tourist Environment

Limitations of environment management mode of oasis tourism in Xinjiang were analyzed,and deficiencies of end-of-pipe treatment,clean production and whole-process environment management modes were put forward.Over time,scenic areas have gradually shifted their"passive"attitudes to"active" towards environment treatment,and it is necessary to promote such an"active"attitude to the treatment of external environment of scenic areas.According to environment management science and stakeholder theory,high-efficiency and all-around management as well as sustainable development of tourism environment will only be achieved by adopting a strategic tourist environment management mode in which all stakeholders participate,establishing a favorable two-way interaction mechanism for all stakeholders,and realizing the internalization of management of external tourism environment.

The Application of“Broken Window Theory”to College's Daily Management

The daily management of college on the one hand is to constrain the action of students to achieve the maintenance of school's order and on the other hand is to help students develop good habits and remold certain concepts of laws, morality and discipline to finally achieve the goal of education. This paper employed a famous theory of management, that is, the"broken window theory"in the research and finally concluded that the application of"broken window theory"in the daily management of colleges can immediately and effectively prevent some of students'bad behaviors and habits from being spread.

The Application of "Broken Window Theory" to College's Daily Management

The daily management of college on the one hand is to constrain the action of students to achieve the maintenance of school's order and on the other hand is to help students develop good habits and remold certain concepts of laws,morality and discipline to finally achieve the goal of education.This paper employed a famous theory of management,that is,the"broken win dow theory"in the research and finally concluded that the application of"broken window theory"in the daily management of colleges can immediately and effectively prevent some of students'bad behaviors and habits from being spread.

Development of a Sports Safety Promotion Framework Based on KABP Theory and 4M Management

This study explores the significance,current research landscape,and conceptualization of sports safety promotion.Safety in sports is fundamental to youth physical activities,and an excessive focus on or neglect of safety is unwarranted.Globally,numerous countries have extensively researched sports safety promotion and implemented diverse strategies.Drawing from KABP(Knowledge,Attitude,Behavior,Practice)theory and 4M(Man,Machine,Medium,Management)management,this paper presents a conceptual framework for sports safety promotion.It integrates these theories to devise a comprehensive accident prevention model within a sports safety promotion system.The framework prioritizes enhancing students’safety literacy and underscores the practical application of safety knowledge and skills in simulated sports settings following structured safety education.It aims to enhance students’competency and proficiency in averting sports-related injuries.

The role of forest culture in green construction and management of forest parks:merging knowledge-attitude-practice and theory of planned behavior

As a cultural concept refl ecting the relationship between humans and forests,forest culture plays an active role in sustainable forest management.Forest parks provide a wide range of ecosystem services essential for the sustainable development of society,and the relationships between forest culture,green construction and management of forest parks have practical signifi cance.This study aimed to understand the interaction and process of forest culture infl uencing green construction and management in forest parks with the models Knowledge-Attitude-Practice(KAP)and Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB)by proposing a theoretical model.Four hypotheses were tested using data collected from 193 forest park employees in Heilongjiang Province,China.Our results show that forest culture had a signifi cant infl uence on green construction and forest management.In addition,subjective norm and perceived behavioral control directly impacted behavior in green construction and management of the forest park,whereas attitude did not have an impact.Subjective norm had a direct eff ect on attitude.Results between constructs show that forest culture had an indirect eff ect on planning and construction,and on ecological and economic management.Consequently,it supported three of four hypotheses within the proposed model in determining the infl uence of forest culture on green construction and management.

Integrating Activity-Based Costing （ABC） and Theory of Constraint （TOC） for Improved and Sustained Cost Management

Implementing effective cost management approaches has recently gained momentum due to intense competition and increasing customer demands. Moreover, effective cost management approaches have contributed to firms＇ competitive advantage in relation to cost leadership strategy. Consequently, firms have implemented contemporary cost management systems, such as activity-based management, business process re-engineering, life-cycle costing, target costing, and theory of constraint （TOC）, to enable them to become low-cost producers and compete effectively and sustain their performance. Furthermore, focusing on cost management to improve profitability has led to the integration of activity-based costing （ABC） and TOC. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review literature and discuss how integration of ABC and TOC can result in improved and sustained cost management. While these methods have different approaches in addressing cost management, treating them as complementary cost management approaches can result in improved cost management due to improved product costing, improved cost reporting, improved product-mix decisions, and improved cycle-time management. Improvement in cost management will then result in sustained cost management. Sustained cost management is further enhanced with the investment in information customer and shareholder value technology that supports cross-functional decision making to continue creating to remain competitive in the market.

Hybrid Estimation of State and Input for Linear Discrete Time-varying Systems： A Game Theory Approach

为线性分离变化时间的系统的 H 混合评价问题在这份报纸被调查，在估计的信号是状态和输入的线性联合的地方。设计目的从骚乱要求最坏的精力获得到是的评价错误不到规定水平。混合评价问题的最佳的答案是僵绳点一二播放器零和微分游戏。根据微分比赛途径，为混合评价问题的必要、足够的可解决的条件以一个 Riccati 微分方程的答案被提供。而且，如果可解决的条件满足，一个可能的评估者被建议。评估者被印射矩阵的一个获得矩阵和产量描绘，在后者反映在未知输入和输出评价错误之间的内部关系的地方。最后，一个数字例子被提供说明建议途径。

The Fundamental Definitions in Radar Measurement Principle and Theory of Space and Time

Fundamental definitions of distance and velocity in radar measurement principle are examined and revised from strict theoretical point of view. Synchronization scheme - for clocks in uniform, translatory relative motion is introduced as theoretical foundation for GPS and GLONASS type navigation and positioning technology. Traditional definitions of two-way radar measurement, based on arithmetic mean vlaue concept, turn out to be special cases of revised definitions for one-way radar measurement, based on geometric mean concept, derived from synchronization of moving clocks in accordance with the principle of relativity. The essential physical meaning of Lorentz transformation is interpreted in terms of radar measured parameters. Invariance or absoluteness of four dimensional interval turns out to be invariance or absoluteness of geometric mean time interval. The Lorentz factor turns out to be ratio of geometric mean and arithmetic mean time intervals in terms of radar measured parameters. Theoretical results are illustrated transparently by numerical examples. A crucial experiment for direct testing of the second postulate of special relativity by means of GPS of GLONASS type technology is proposed in this paper.

Theory and Practice of Marine Regional Management in China

With the development of marine economy in coastal provinces and cities,there comes a series of environmental problems. Marine regional management,as a completely new marine management mode,transforms traditional management mode and can protect marine ecosystem. Thus,the marine regional management is feasible and applicable in China. This paper firstly discussed connotation and development of the marine regional management in China and pointed that the marine regional management is integrated management of a certain marine region. Next,it summarized characteristics of the marine regional management at current stage,for example,land-based pollution of trans-geographic system and marine management under regional government cooperative mechanism. Finally,it came up with recommendations including combining theory and practice of the marine regional management,and establishing marine regional management system as soon as possible,to realize benign interaction and sustainable development of marine economy and ecological environment.

Time Management of the Clinical Nurses at Public Hospital in Bangladesh

Nursing is a very intense and focused career, so picking the right time and its proper management can help to relieve personal stress, manage tasks properly and achieve patients and organizational outcome. Objective: This study aimed to explore perceived time management skill of the clinical nurses. Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study design using simple random sampling. A total of 77 clinical nurses working in Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh were selected as study participants. The data were collected through structure questionnaire which consisted of demographic questionnaire and five dimensions of Time Management Skill Questionnaire (TMSQ). Results: The overall mean score of time management skill was 2.63 (SD = 0.28) reflecting a medium level of nurses perceived time management skill. The results also revealed that nurses age (r = 0.39, p = 0.000), monthly income (r = 0.294, p = 0.017) and service experience (r = 0.248, p = 0.030) were statistically significant correlated with nurses’ perceived time management skill. Conclusion: The outcome of this research would add to develop a strategy for nurse administrators to take an initiative for how nurses could improve the time management and utilize their limited time effectively. It specifies that proper time management can influence to provide quality care and achieving organizational goal.

Estimation of Dynamic VaR in Chinese Stock Markets Based on Time Scale and Extreme Value Theory

The accuracy and time scale invariance of value-at-risk （VaR） measurement methods for different stock indices and at different confidence levels are tested. Extreme value theory （EVT） is applied to model the extreme tail of standardized residual series of daily/weekly indices losses, and parametric and nonparametric methods are used to estimate parameters of the general Pareto distribution （GPD）, and dynamic VaR for indices of three stock markets in China. The accuracy and time scale invariance of risk measurement methods through back-testing approach are also examined. Results show that not all the indices accept time scale invariance; there are some differences in accuracy between different indices at various confidence levels. The most powerful dynamic VaR estimation methods are EVT-GJR-Hill at 97.5% level for weekly loss to Shanghai stock market, and EVT-GARCH-MLE （Hill） at 99.0% level for weekly loss to Taiwan and Hong Kong stock markets, respectively.

Hybrid Estimation of State and Input for Linear Continuous Time-varying Systems:A Game Theory Approach

The H∞ hybrid estimation problem for linear continuous time-varying systems is in-vestigated in this paper, where estimated signals are linear combination of state and input. Designobjective requires the worst-case energy gain from disturbance to estimation error be less than a pre-scribed level. Optimal solution of the hybrid estimation problem is the saddle point of a two-playerzero sum di?erential game. Based on the di?erential game approach, necessary and su?cient solvableconditions for the hybrid estimation problem are provided in terms of solutions to a Riccati di?e-rential equation. Moreover, one possible estimator is proposed if the solvable conditions are satisfied.The estimator is characterized by a gain matrix and an output mapping matrix that re?ects theinternal relations between the unknown input and output estimation error. Both state and unknowninputs estimation are realized by the proposed estimator. Thus, the results in this paper are alsocapable of dealing with fault diagnosis problems of linear time-varying systems. At last, a numericalexample is provided to illustrate the proposed approach.

Geometrical Meaning of Time and the Theory of Relativity

New geometrical model of time is suggested where time of body’s motion is defined as the length of its trajectories in four-dimension space-time. Within suggested approach periodical motions in clocks correspond to definite length of four-dimension trajectories that is clocks appear to be standards for measurements of length in four-dimension space analogously as hard sticks are standards for measurements of length in three-dimension space. This means that space and time are entities of the same geometrical nature. A suggested interpretation of time leads to necessity of changes in general theory of relativity. These changes are unessential for body’s motion in weak gravitational field.

Influence of Neodymium on Amorphizability of RS Al-Fe-V-Si-Nd Alloys:An Investigation Using Time Dependent Nucleation Theory

Time dependent nucleation theory was applied to calculate the incubation time required for α Al nucleation in rapid solidified (RS) Al Fe V Si Nd alloys. The nucleation rates were calculated as a function of temperature, and the critical cooling rates required for the formation of amorphous α Al at different neodymium concentrations were calculated too. The addition of neodymium increases the amorphizablity of α Al by increasing the incubation time and decreasing the nucleation rate and the critical cooling rate. The calculations are fitted to experimental results when liquidus temperatures are estimated from an approximation, which treats Al Fe V Si Nd as quasi binary Al Fe system.

Two Problems of Time Entering Respectively the Relativistic Mechanics and Electron Transport in Quantum Theory

In the relativistic mechanics, we calculate a minimal distance between the time scale of a one-dimensional motion having a larger velocity and the time scale of a similar motion with a lower velocity. Concerning the quantum theory, we demonstrate that mechanical parameters entering the electron motion in the Bohr hydrogen atom can provide us with a correct size of the time interval entering the Joule-Lenz law for the emission energy between two neighbouring quantum levels of the atom.

Journal of Educational Theory and Management Author Guidelines

I.Manuscript Format Manuscripts should be in MS Word format. Authors are advised to download the document, Manuscript Submission Template, as a template or for more details on preparing their submissions for consideration.

Integration Theory and Optimal Application of the Traffic Accident Management System

With the development of the social economy,the traditional transportation mode will be replaced by the new mode which emphasizes the integration and cooperation between the transportation modes.The advent of automobilization in China has further intensified the pressure of the road traffic.The traffic jam alarm caused by the traffic accidents is increasing year by year.The minor accidents that can be dealt with quickly account for more than 70%of the traffic accidents.Traditionally,when dealing with the minor accidents,car owners often choose to stay on the spot and wait for the traffic police to deal with them.It is easy to cause"minor accidents and big traffic jams",which lead to the congestion of a road,a bridge and even a block.

Circular Scale of Time as a Guide of the Schrödinger’s Perturbation Theory

The paper is a kind of a review which considers an investigation of the scale of time suggested by an application of the Schrödinger perturbation method, especially when the perturbation of a non-degenerate quantum state is examined. In fact the method was applied in numerous cases—also by Schrödinger himself—without any use of the notion of time. Simultaneously, because of the development of computers, their use in solving the perturbation problems gradually decreased. However, the point of importance in the paper became the time. We demonstrate that collisions of a quantum system with the perturbation potential can be arranged along a circular scale of time whose properties provide us precisely with the energy terms obtained by the Schrödinger perturbation theory. This validity of results is checked till the perturbation order N = 7.