On the Employment Structure and Transfer Characteristics of Rural Laborers in He'nan Province

He’nan is a populous province in China, in which a large number of rural laborers are one of the important factors affecting social and economic development of He’nan Province. However, the employment structure and transfer characteristics of rural laborers have important effect on regional industrial structure. Applying shiftshare method（ SSM） which is often used in analyzing the characteristics of industrial structure to the structure analysis of the labour force can better show the characteristics of labor employment and transfer, thereby providing some reference for the development of regional social economy. The results showed that the transfer of rural laborers in He’nan Province still showed the typical characteristics of traditional agricultural province; the basic advantages of agricultural employment of rural laborers have gradually weakened, while the competitive advantages of the industry, the building industry, and the wholesale ＆ retail trade and catering service industry gradually became obvious, at the same time, there were differences in the deviation of departments among different regions of He’nan Province.

Problems in the Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force in Chengdu Plain——A Empirical Analysis of Xiyu Village,Gexianshan Town,China

Under the new situation of the coordination of rural and urban development,the employment and transfer of surplus labor force have become the major social problems in China.Based on the field investigation on Xiyu Village of Gexianshan Town in Pengzhou City,the surplus labor force and the absorptive capacity of non-agricultural industries are estimated by using per capita cultivated method and output value absorption method.Based on this,the transfer pattern of surplus labor force is generalized and the corresponding suggestions for transfer are put forward.

The relationship between rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and income gap

Based on the time series data of Shandong province from 2001 to 2018,a VAR model consisting of three variables,namely,rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,was constructed,and the interaction among the three variables and their characteristics were empirically analyzed.The results show that urbanization and rural surplus labor transfer are Granger causation to each other,and there is a positive correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force in long-term equilibrium,while there is a negative correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force transfer.Therefore,it is necessary to fully recognize the relationship between the transfer of rural surplus labor,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,accelerate the urbanization construction,promote the rural surplus labor to gather in cities,and gradually narrow the urban-rural income gap.

Impact of Labor Transfer on Agricultural Land Use Conversion at Rural Household Level Based on Logit Model

Since land and labor force are primary resources to be used and controlled by rural households, the allocation of labor forces will influence land uses, and further lead to land use conversion. The present study used the Binary Logit model to investigate the influence of labor force transfer, characteristics of rural households, location, and land market on agricultural land use conversion at rural household level. This study was conducted based on 329 valid questionnaires, which were obtained in Changshu, Rudong, and Tongshan counties, respectively representing the southern, middle and northern areas of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that land market participation, location, zonal difference and labor transfer had strong influences on agricultural land use conversion. The participation of land market had a strong positive effect on land use conversion, especially for the farmland converted to the fishpond. The nearer to the county seat, the more conversion of land use occurred. Particularly, the labor force transfer caused by wage employment decreased this conversion probability, while the labor transfer caused by self-employment led to more conversion; and the increasing of income from labor transfer increased the conversion. Moreover, land use con- versions demonstrated zonal difference, which were more in Rudong and Changshu counties than in Tongshan County, and the factors influencing this conversion were different in the three regions.

A Two-Sector Economic Growth Model with Labor Force Transfer

In this paper, a two\|sector growth model is given. The labor force transfer process from agricultural sector to industrial sector is exogenous determined. By introducing the labor force transferring function, a two\|dimension nonautonomous differential equation is obtained. The results of the model manifest that the labor force transfer delays industrial sector growth and accelerates the agricultural sector growth. It is proved that the solution of the model is asymptotic stable. By the numerical analysis, the economic growth and labor force transfer is presented under the specific parameters.

社会保障参与有助于农村土地流转吗?——基于劳动力转移的中介效应

随着我国城乡社会保障制度逐步完善,农民对土地的依赖得到缓解,农村劳动力非农就业比例提高,农村土地流转供给不断增加。基于中国家庭追踪调查2012—2018年数据,构建了双重固定效应模型,旨在考察社会保障参与对农村土地流转的影响,同时分析了劳动力转移的中介效应。研究结果表明:参与新型农村养老保险对农村土地转出具有显著影响;参与新型农村合作医疗保险对于农村土地转出的影响并不显著,但是显著抑制农村土地转入;劳动力转移在新型农村养老保险对农村土地转出的影响中发挥着中介作用,在新型农村合作医疗对农村土地流转影响中发挥的中介效应不明显。

劳动力转移对粮食生产韧性的影响研究--基于中国粮食主产区的实证

粮食安全是“国之大者”,随着农业劳动力大量转移,粮食生产韧性是否受到影响及受到的影响有多大,已成为新时期的重要议题。基于中国粮食主产区2010-2022年省域面板数据,通过构建主产区粮食生产韧性的综合指标体系,首先使用熵权与变异系数综合赋权法对其进行测度,其次选用固定效应模型实证检验农业劳动力转移对粮食生产韧性影响的内在逻辑。研究发现:农业劳动力转移有助于主产区粮食生产韧性的提升,且对粮食生产韧性的促进效应在较长时间序列上均稳健成立。具体而言,农业劳动力转移每增加1%,主产区粮食生产韧性水平将会平均增加1.712 0%。研究还发现,北方和南方主产区农业劳动力转移影响粮食生产韧性水平存在明显异质性,北方主产区的提升作用更为显著。因此,进一步引导农业劳动力非农转移推动区域粮食生产韧性水平提升,是新时期保障我国粮食安全的有效途径。

土地流转与劳动力转移的要素互动对城乡收入差距的影响

要素流动对于破解城乡融合发展难题,建立均衡增长和良性循环的城乡关系具有重要影响。基于2005—2020年31个省级宏观面板数据,考察土地制度综合配套改革下土地流转与劳动力转移的互动关系及对城乡收入差距的影响与作用机制。研究发现:土地流转与劳动力转移之间具有显著的正向互动效应。土地流转与劳动力转移的互动有助于缩小城乡收入差距。土地流转与劳动力转移的互动,通过促进城市化水平、提高产业高级化程度,间接缩小城乡收入差距。此外,土地流转与劳动力转移的互动对城乡收入差距的影响具有异质性,对工资性收入差距存在显著的负向影响。为进一步缩小城乡收入差距,需要推动土地和户籍制度联动改革,扩大人地要素的权利开放程度,强化城乡土地、劳动力要素的流动性,完善土地流转和劳动力市场,引导农村转移劳动力参与土地流转。

乡村振兴背景下农村劳动力的高质量充分就业

促进农村劳动力高质量充分就业对巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴、推动高质量发展、实现共同富裕具有重要意义。然而,当前中国农村劳动力高质量充分就业面临着农业产业就业动能发挥不足、乡村振兴所需劳动力短缺、就业质量有待提升的现实问题。为全面推进乡村振兴背景下农村劳动力的高质量充分就业,建议从推动农村一二三产业融合拓展农业农村就业空间、加强人力资本开发提升农村劳动力就业素质、促进城乡融合发展拓宽农村劳动力转移就业渠道等多方面着力。

土地流转、农户创业和农村劳动力就近转移

推进农村劳动力就近转移能够在保障农民工群体就业、促进经济发展的基础上,有效缓解异地转移给农村带来的负面影响。为厘清土地流转对于农村劳动力就近转移的影响机制,基于2016、2018和2020年3期中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),采用Tobit模型、倾向得分匹配法(PSM)、中介效应和调节效应模型探讨土地流转对农村劳动力就近转移的影响机制,研究表明:土地流转能够显著促进农村劳动力就近转移,该结果经过数据缩尾、替换变量、筛选样本的稳健性检验和消除自选择引起的内生性偏误后依旧保持可靠;农户创业在土地流转对农村劳动力就近转移影响的过程中起到了部分中介效应,发挥了“创业带动就业”的作用;农户人情支出对土地流转对农村劳动力就近转移的作用路径起到显著正向调节作用。因此,应当健全农村土地流转制度,鼓励和扶持农户就近创新创业,正向引导农村社会关系网络并且完善农村正规市场建设。

城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移就业的困境及对策

在乡村振兴战略背景下,加快新型城镇化建设,吸引劳动力回乡就业,成为党和国家关注的重要课题。本研究探讨了城镇化推进对农村劳动力转移产生的影响,并深入分析了当前新型城镇化建设中影响劳动力转移的原因,最后从推动产业融合、开发人力资本、拓展就业渠道等方面,就做好农村劳动力就业提出了几点对策和建议。

考虑非农转移异质性的二元经济增长模型——对中国“迁移谜题”的再解释

传统二元经济模型没有考虑非农转移的异质性,因而无法解释中国“迁移谜题”。文章通过构建一个考虑非农转移异质性的二元经济增长模型,将永久性转移和非永久性转移同时纳入理论分析,对中国农村劳动力转移与城乡收入差距扩大并存的现象进行再解释,并增强二元经济增长模型对中国和其他发展中国家的适用性。分析结果表明,缩小农业部门和非农部门劳均产出差距要求农业部门保持较高的劳均土地增长率,如果能够加快农村劳动力由非永久性转移演变为永久性转移,农业部门劳均土地和劳均产出的增长就有可能进一步加快,城乡收入差距也有可能进一步缩小。进一步,农村劳动力的非农转移对两部门均衡发展也会产生一定影响。在长期中,“迁移谜题”可能会因非农部门的发展和非农就业机会的增加而消失,因为农村劳动力可以逐步在城镇寻求充分就业而完成永久性转移。最后,本文提供了与农村劳动力非农转移相关的若干特征事实以及政策建议。

Has the Lewis Turning Point Arrived in China?——Theoretical Analysis and International Experience

Using World Bank cross-country panel data to estimate the economic development level that corresponds to the Lewis turning point, we find that as GDP per capita increases, the share of rural labor in the total labor force tends to decrease first at an accelerated rate and then, after passing the Lewis turning point, at a reduced rate. Regression analysis of cross- country panel data shows that the Lewis turning point is reached when GDP per capita reaches somewhere between US$3,000 and US$4,000 dollars （PPP, constant international US dollars for the year 2000）. GDP per capita in China has exceeded this level, but the proportion of rural labor in the total labor force remains much higher than the average for countries at the same level of economic development. This may imply that there is still considerable potential for rural labor transfer in China.

数字化赋能乡村振兴:基于劳动力回流的视角

数字乡村建设是全面推进乡村振兴战略的重要突破口。立足劳动力回流的研究视角,采用中国乡村振兴综合调查(CRRS)数据,基于Logit模型探究数字化赋能乡村振兴背景下我国劳动力流动的新规律。研究认为,数字乡村建设会促进劳动力回流。异质性分析结果显示,年龄较低、受教育程度较高、接受过职业技术培训的农村劳动力更倾向于“回流”乡村。乡村良好的就业创业环境、更加多样的就业机会及不断提升的收入水平是劳动力回流的主要原因。因此,要进一步畅通人才“城—乡”流通渠道,激励回流劳动力在乡村创就业,有效对接各方资源,培育新型职业农民队伍,助力乡村振兴。

职业教育在农村剩余劳动力转移中的作用和应对策略分析

为了进一步推进乡村振兴,打造职业农民队伍,职业教育要充分发挥自身的资源优势,结合农村剩余劳动力转移群体发展需求完善教学机制,提升农村劳动力能力水平,为农业经济发展提供优质人力资源。基于此,本文通过对农村剩余劳动力转移概念进行了分析,提出了职业教育在劳动力转移中的作用和应对策略,以期为农村经济建设提供参考。

长江退捕渔民劳动力就地转移影响因素实证研究

本文基于2022年“十省百县千户”退捕渔民跟踪调研数据,以转移方式为因变量,个体与家庭情况、劳动力转移资本、客观条件、主观因素为自变量,对影响渔民劳动力就地转移的因素进行实证分析。研究发现:年龄、当地农村人均可支配收入因素对就地转移具有正向影响,而每周工作时间、渔村到县城中心距离、上一年家庭年净收入、捕捞经验对渔民劳动力就地转移具有负向影响。对此提出加大就业帮扶力度、完善就业补贴、发展当地特色产业等政策建议,促使渔民劳动力合理有效地实现就地转移。

农村劳动力转移就业空间决策过程研究——以合肥市为例

从农村劳动力的微观主体视角,通过转移就业动机、环境认知与决策方式的路径分析,探讨了农村劳动力转移就业的空间决策过程及其内部关系,揭示了其空间决策机制。对合肥市的实证表明,农村劳动力的就业动机对环境认知有显著正向影响,就业地距离对决策方式有显著正向影响,就业地形象对决策方式有一定的负向影响,其它环境认知对决策方式没有显著影响,进而提出了促进农村劳动力有效转移的对策。

我国农村剩余劳动力转移的特点和对农村经济发展的影响及对策

转移农村剩余劳动力,增加农民收入是解决"三农"问题的重要途径。本文在分析农村剩余劳动力转移的现状、特点、原因及其对农村经济影响的基础上,提出有效转移农村剩余劳动力的对策:大力发展劳务经济,维护农民工的社会保障权益,加快小城镇建设,提高劳动者素质,调整产业结构及建立和完善农村劳动力信息管理与服务系统。

农村青壮年劳动力过度流失对新农村建设的影响与解决对策

以一些地区农村青壮年劳动力过度流失的现状为切入点,以理论探索和实证分析为依据,揭示了这些地区青壮年劳动力过度流失对新农村建设的影响,分析了其原因,进而提出了解决对策。主要通过舆论引导、强化农村教育、发展农村产业、鼓励富余劳力转移和吸引人才回乡相结合、落实大学生村官制度等措施使农村富余劳力有序转移,同时避免农村青壮年劳动力过度流失。只有找到二者利益的平衡点,才能优化农村人力资源配置。

农业机械化与农业劳动力转移

从农业机械化的发展条件和相关因素探讨入手,分析了我国农业机械化发展的阻力、农业劳动力的剩余状况和原因、农业劳动力转移的制约因素;指出了农业剩余劳动力对农业机械化的影响;理清了我国农业机械化发展与农业劳动力转移的相互关系;提出了今后我国农业劳动力转移的方向。