Main controlling factor and mechanism of gas-in-place content of the Lower Cambrian shale from different sedimentary facies in the western Hubei area, South China

The Lower Cambrian shale gas in the western Hubei area,South China has a great resource prospect,but the gas-in-place(GIP)content in different sedimentary facies varies widely,and the relevant mechanism has been not well understood.In the present study,two sets of the Lower Cambrian shale samples from the Wells YD4 and YD5 in the western Hubei area,representing the deep-water shelf facies and shallowwater platform facies,respectively,were investigated on the differences of pore types,pore structure and methane adsorption capacity between them,and the main controlling factor and mechanism of their methane adsorption capacities and GIP contents were discussed.The results show that the organic matter(OM)pores in the YD4 shale samples are dominant,while the inorganic mineral(IM)pores in the YD5 shale samples are primary,with underdeveloped OM pores.The pore specific surface area(SSA)and pore volume(PV)of the YD4 shale samples are mainly from micropores and mesopores,respectively,while those of the YD5 shale samples are mainly from micropores and macropores,respectively.The methane adsorption capacity of the YD4 shale samples is significantly higher than that of the YD5 shale samples,with a maximum absolute adsorption capacity of 3.13 cm^(3)/g and 1.31 cm^(3)/g in average,respectively.Compared with the shallow-water platform shale,the deep-water shelf shale has a higher TOC content,a better kerogen type and more developed OM pores,which is the main mechanism for its higher adsorption capacity.The GIP content models based on two samples with a similar TOC content selected respectively from the Wells YD4 and YD5 further indicate that the GIP content of the deep-water shelf shale is mainly 34 m^(3)/t within a depth range of 1000—4000 m,with shale gas exploration and development potential,while the shallow-water platform shale has normally a GIP content of<1 m^(3)/t,with little shale gas potential.Considering the geological and geochemical conditions of shale gas formation and preservation,the deep-water shelf facies is the most favorable target for the Lower Cambrian shale gas exploration and development in the western Hubei area,South China.

Understanding of Form and Content in Nida's Translation Theory

由于语言以不同的形式而存在 ,为了达意 ,有时我们必须改变语言的形式。

Meaning's Death and Rebirth-Analysis on the Content and Form of Robert Morgan's"Mountain Graveyard"

This thesis mainly analyzes the content and form of Robert Morgan's postmodern poem"Mountain Graveyard". With New Criticism's method of close reading, it firstly explores the possible interpretations of the poem's content. Then it analyzes the post-modernity due to the poem's form, pointing out that with the unique form breaking traditional poetry's conventions, and the upspring of multiple meanings from the content, this poem presents brilliantly the postmodern spirit, which rejects definite centers and embraces various diversity of meaning.

The eligibility criteria,training content,and scope of practice for prescriptive authority for midwives:a modified Delphi study

Objective:To investigate the necessary eligibility criteria for prescriptive authority for midwives,gather suggestions from experts on training content for prescriptive authority for midwives,and explore the scope of practice of their prescriptive authority in certain circumstances.The results of this study could serve as a reference for the development of policies on prescriptive authority for midwives.Methods:Based on a literature search and semistructured interviews,a modified Delphi method was first used to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation on eligibility criteria and training content for prescriptive authority for midwives.This stage included nursing experts(20)and medical experts(16)engaged in midwifery in many tertiary Grade A hospitals in China.Subsequently,consultation on the scope of practice of prescriptive authority for midwives was conducted with nursing experts(18)and medical experts(14)engaged in midwifery in many tertiary Grade A hospitals in China.The suggestions from the experts were analyzed using statistical methods to confirm the eligibility criteria for prescriptive authority,training content,circumstances,scope of practice for prescriptive authority,and the prescription forms.Results:Among the consulted experts,70.59%(the highest acceptance rate)considered an undergraduate degree to be the minimum educational requirement for midwives to be eligible for prescriptive authority,85.29%(the highest acceptance rate)considered the supervisor nurse to be the minimum technical position experience necessary for midwives to be eligible for having prescriptive authority,and 50%(the highest acceptance rate)considered 5 years to be the minimum number of years of experience in the specialty for midwives to be eligible for prescriptive authority.The applicants should at least be practicing at Grade C hospitals,which was the consensus among 91.18%of the consulted experts.Among the consulted experts,100%,100%,97.06%,94.12%,and 94.12%agreed that the applicants should have knowledge in pharmacology,laws and ethics,nursing,diagnostics,and midwifery,respectively.The consulted experts confirmed 22 related course topics and identified 6 specific circumstances in which the midwives could partially practice prescriptive authority,including uterine atony,excessive uterine contraction,postpartum hemorrhage,premature rupture of fetal membranes,normal labor,and neonatal asphyxia.Under these 6 circumstances,the consulted experts commonly agreed that there were 20 medication prescriptions and 13 auxiliary examination prescriptions that could be prescribed by midwives.Of these prescriptions,51.5%were independent prescriptions,30.3%were protocol prescriptions,and the remaining 18.2%were both independent and protocol prescriptions.Conclusions:Midwives who have an undergraduate degree,supervisor nurse position,and 5 years of practice in Grade C hospitals are considered eligible to apply for prescriptive authority.Partial prescriptive authority could be granted after regulated training in fundamental theories and practices,which could improve the independence and professionalism of midwifery.

Unity of form and spirit in Huangdi Neijing

Traditional Chinese medicine has many core contents,one of which is the unity of form and spirit.To inherit and develop traditional Chinese medicine,we need to reexamine traditional Chinese medicine with philosophy and medicine.Taking Huangdi Neijing as an example,we restudy the unity of form and spirit in traditional Chinese medicine from two aspects of medicine and philosophy.

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Contents of Different Forms of Nitrogen in Rice Plants

[Objective]The paper was to study the effect of different nitrogen application levels and modes on contents of different forms of nitrogen in rice plants.[Method] Using Guichao 2 and Diejiazhan as test materials,with total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,chlorophyll nitrogen,soluble protein nitrogen,Rubisco nitrogen,free amino acid nitrogen as indicators,the effect of nitrogen application on contents of different forms of nitrogen in rice plants were studied.[Result] The contents of total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,chlorophyll nitrogen,soluble protein nitrogen,Rubisco-N,free amino nitrogen of rice plant during heading and maturity stage increased with the increasing application amount of nitrogen,and their contents would be high under heavy application of spike fertilizer when the application amount of nitrogen was the same.However,application of nitrogen had different impact on different forms of nitrogen,which showed obvious impact on the contents of Rubisco-N and free amino nitrogen.The differences of Rubisco-N and free amino nitrogen content of two varieties during heading and maturity stage under different nitrogen application modes all reached significant or extremely significant level.Correlation analysis showed that total nitrogen content of rice plant had extremely significant correlation with protein nitrogen content during heading and maturity stage in both early and late seasons.[Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for clarifying the regulatory role of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption and utilization.

Ma Shi Wen Tong and its Theory of Language

Ma Shi Wen Tong is a very influential book in the field of linguistics.Its theory of language is closely related to the social background of China at that time.The paper will deal with concept of language in this book from a cultural and historical perspective.

Counter-Balancing between CBI and FFI from the Perspective of theEarly Immersion Teaching of Mandarin Chinese in the USA

Language learning and subject matter or content learning have long been deemed to be totally separate and unrelated. It was not until the early 1980 s that coordinating the learning of language and subject matter or content started to receive continuous attention in the field of second language research. In the field of instructed Second Language Acquisition, content-based instruction(CBI) has received much attention in that it integrates both cognitive development and language development. Immersion education refers to additive bilingual programs designed for majority-language speakers in which at least half of their subject-matter instruction is in a language that they are learning as a second or foreign language. Immersion education has been very successful and widely adopted on the globe because immersion students who study subject matter through their second language attain the same levels of academic achievement and first language development as non-immersion students, and they attain significantly higher levels of second language proficiency than do non-immersion students studying the second language as a regular subject for one lesson per day. However, immersion students' second language development, especially their second language accuracy, is not so satisfying as that they have achieved academically. Consequently, form-focused instruction(FFI) is called for to enhance language teaching while content teaching.The present study focuses on how language is processed through content, drawing examples from early immersion teaching of Mandarin Chinese in the USA, so as to provide ideas on effective instructional strategies while teaching Mandarin Chinese in early immersion classrooms in the USA.

Influence of hydrogen content on room temperature compressive properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at high strain rate

Electromagnetic forming tests were done at room temperature to reveal the influence of hydrogen content on the compressive properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at high strain rate. Microstructure was observed to reveal the mechanism of hydrogen-enhanced compressive properties. The experimental results indicate that hydrogen has favorable effects on the compressive properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at high strain rate. Compression of Ti-6Al-4V alloy first increases up to a maximum and then decreases with the increase of hydrogen content at the same discharge energy under EMF tests. The compression increases by 47.0% when 0.2% (mass fraction) hydrogen is introduced into Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The optimal hydrogen content for cold formation of Ti–6Al–4V alloy under EMF was determined. The reasons for the hydrogen-induced compressive properties were discussed.

The Empirical Research of Native Thinking in the Process of English Composition

The method of questionnaire is employed to investigate the impact of Chinese thinking in the writing processes of 80 college English majors.It reveals that the English writing process is a bilingual event(namely,English writers have both Chinese and English at their disposal when they are composing in English).And no matter whether the English proficiency of the learners is high or low,the learners have a great dependence on Chinese thinking in the process of English writing.In the categories of task reacting and content organizing,there is no great difference between the high and low English proficiency students.But in the category of linguistic form,the influence of Chinese thinking on the low level students is far greater than the high level students.

A Künstlerroman:On the Growth Process of the Protagonist in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

A Künstlerroman is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood, and in which character change is thus extremely important. A portrait of the artist as a young man as a Künstlerroman also shows the growth process of the protagonist from childhood to youth. The paper aims to point out the growth process of the protagonist focusing on the text. Especially, from the two aspects: content and form. The content and the form together reflect the growth process of the protagonist and the development of his personality, so we also see the protagonist was destined to be mature and at last decided to escape his home, exile himself and began his new life with the purpose of art.

Analysis of the Structure of Shakespeare's Sonnets

The sonnet is a kind of lyrics with restrict forms which cannot depart from the contents. Shakespeare's sonnets are like a valuable flower blossoming in the England poetry garden during the age of Renaissance and a bright pearl sparkling in the world's poetry treasury. This paper will analyze his sonnets from the perspective of the structure and then interpret the meanings behind those words, which can demonstrate the importance of the connection between the forms and the contents.

A Research Report on the Prescription Rights of Chinese Nurses

Objective: To explore the feasibility of the nurse’ s prescription right in China, to develop the requirements for the qualification of the ap-plicant for the prescription right of nurse, and to determine the content of certain prescriptions in the specific circumstances. Methods: Literature review on the relevant articles/material with the contents of the nurse’ s right of prescription home and a-broad. Semi-structured depth interview method was used to interview 18 experts on whether the nurses can participate in the graded nursing decision and whether nurses with certain ability can make the decision. Using the self-made questionnaire“Nur-ses involved in graded nursing decision-recognition questionnaire”, 553 nurses completed questionnaires on willingness to nurse decision-making grading. Using the analytic hierarchy process, the 23 experts’ judgment on the main body of the graded nurs-ing was rated. Using semi-structured depth interview method, 17 experts were interviewed on the graded nursing quality assess-ment and training outline. The form of expert personal judgment and the“grading nursing qualification experts predict question-naire”were used as a preliminary designing tool, 32 experts were asked to predict the graded nursing quality. The relatively im-portant factors that might promote implementation of right of Chinese nurse prescribing weights setting were obtained by analytic hierarchy process. Using Delphi method, 2 rounds of consultation to 291 experts/times were performed, and determined its con-tent on the fields of graded nursing decision, nurses’ job description, decision making nurse in graded nursing work process and related management system, decision-making main body of clinical nursing, nurse authority of prescription application qualifi-cation, clinical nurses, diabetes specialist nurses, tumor specialist nurses, nurses in emergency department, community nurses in certain circumstances writing prescription, and nursing undergraduate added with nurse authority of prescription related courses. Results: The physician is not considered to be the best decision-making main body of clinical nursing work and graded nurs-ing, nurses can participate in the work of decision-making. The qualification of hierarchical decision-making nurse and nurse prescribing applicants have been determined. The hierarchical nursing decision-making nurses’ position description and training outline have been compiled. Experts suggest that clinical nurses with certain qualifications should be given the rights of some prescription form ( independent prescription, prescription, prescription protocol extension) to prescribe specific drugs in high fe-ver, hypoglycemia, hypertension, anaphylactic shock and other 11 specific circumstances. The nurses of the diabetes should be given the right of prescribing sulfonylureas, biguanides, glucosidase inhibitor, and protamine zinc insulin, and the right to write the prescription and consultation for part of medical equipment, health education, and four routine tests, which contains blood sugar monitoring, urine glucose monitoring, glycosylated hemoglobin assay, and oral glucose tolerance test. Tumor specialist nurses should be given the right to write the prescription of 7 specific circumstances including blood routine tests, electrocardio-gram, blood biochemistry and other 9 laboratory tests, constipation, phlebitis, and cancer pain, and the right of 5 tumor emer-gency prescription including chemotherapy drug allergy, hemorrhagic shock, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Nurses in e-mergency department with certain qualification should be given the right to prescribe specific drugs in 15 circumstances which include cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, and acute cardiogenic chest pain. Community nurses with certain qualification should be given the right to write the prescriptions on 14 contents including disinfection and cleaning, sterile infusion type, and wound care products. Experts suggest that nursing undergraduate education in China should be added with 2 courses which are prescription rights related laws and regulations and nursing intervention, and that pharmacology course should be supplemented with related course in order to adapt to the implementation of nurse prescribing rights. Conclusions: China’ s nurses with certain qualification or after special training have the ability to accept and should be given the right of prescriptions in certain circumstance within the scope of their work.

Meshfree Method Numerical Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Process

Metal forming plays an important role in manufacturing industry and is widely applied in industries.The tradi- tional finite element method(FEM)numerical simulation is commonly used to predict metal forming process.Conventional finite element analysis of metal forming processes often breaks down due to severe mesh distortion,therefore time-consuming remeshing is necessary.Meshfree methods have been developed since 1977 and can avoid this problem.This new generation of computational methods reduces time-consuming model generation and refinement effort,and its shape function has higher order connectivity than FEM’s.In this paper the velocity shape functions are developed from a reproducing kernel approximation that satisfies consistency conditions and is used to analyze metal tension rigid viscoplastic deforming and Magnesium Alloy(MB 15)sheet superplastic ten- sion forming.A meshfree method metal forming modeling program is set up,the partition of unity method is used to compute the integrations in weak form equations and penalty method is used to impose the essential boundary condition exactly.Metal forming examples,such as sheet metal superplastic tension forming and metal rigid viscoplastic tension forming,are analyzed to demon- strate the performance of mesh free method.

On Transferring the Beauty of Poetry:With Special Reference to Translations of A Psalm of Life

From the aesthetic point of view,translation of poetry is to reproduce the beauty both in form and content of the original text in the target text.This paper presents an analysis of how the aesthetic features of form and content of the original work are transplanted and to which degree they get retained in the target text,with special reference to two Chinese versions of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's A Psalm of Life.

How to Reproduce the Meaning of the Prose Accurately

The essence of prose lies in expressing meaning and feeling of the prose, describing things and reasoning in real,plain and direct way, which is referred as its natural character. What the prose requires is to strive to make equivalence in the meaning, forms, taste, style and other aspects with the original text. What the prose express is not only the thematic meaning but also the stylistic meaning, in other words, the meaning that was contained in the content and forms. Hilaire Belloc, a famous prolific writer and historian, have formulated the six principles in translation of prose, in which he believes that the essence of translating is the resurrection of an alien thing in a native body.

Design of Text-based Questions from the Study of Typology of Questions

Questions can be classified from different perspectives： grammatical form, communicative value, content orientation and cognitive level. In language pedagogy, text-based questioning as both an attention drawing device and a form of learning tasks serves text instruction. Therefore, language teachers preparing text-based questioning should take into consideration all dimensions of questions, especially cognitive requirement and communicative character. In addition, interaction between learner, text and the world can be achieved by the adoption of both about-the-text and beyond-the-text questions in teachers＇ text-based question construction.

Form or Content?——A dilemma in teaching EFL writing

In the 1970s, the EFL profession generally began abandoning grammar-based methodologies in favor of approacheswhich focused on communication as the goal of language learning. Affected by this trend, the process approach to writing (asopposed to writing as a product) was introduced. Yet EFL. teachers themselves are faced with some obstacles when applying thetheory. This article analyzes some factors that hinder students from focusing on content when writing, and suggests in conclusionthat teachers should not be too impatient; rather, they should take students’ level into consideration and allow students to have atransitional stage to get themselves prepared.

On the Artistic Expressions of The Color Purple

Black female writer, Alice Walker is always misunderstood as a writer who attaches more attention to the contents and thoughts in her works. But the success of her work The Color Purple fully demonstrates her ability of exquisitely adopting artistic expressions to realize the integration of contents and form. So this paper aims to study three artistic expressions applied in this novel, that is, the epistolary style, symbolism of the real objects and psychological transformation of the characters. Furthermore, it's illustrational to show in this thesis that Alice Walker is not only a writer with deep thoughts, but also an imaginative and creative master of excelling in her writing techniques.