Earth is the place of human existence and life. Without the earth,there is no human,no nature either. To study human existence,the earth of human living is firstly studied. By the study of many natural phenomena on th...Earth is the place of human existence and life. Without the earth,there is no human,no nature either. To study human existence,the earth of human living is firstly studied. By the study of many natural phenomena on the earth,we firstly put forward the theory of earth ecosystem,expound its definition,structure,aim,function,content and significance,and illustrate the characteristics of earth ecosystem. So we found the theory of earth ecosystem,and unveil the variable processes and the operation mechanisms of earth ecosystem. We put forward the earth ecosystem and its theoretic system,which are different from the previous ＂ earth system science＂ and ＂ Gaia hypothesis＂. We consider that among each part of the environment,between environment and organism,there are organic,close and coalescent relationships,so that the earth ecosystem is able to have a sustainable development. Even if there is no life,the earth ecosystem also can control and regulate the earth changes,and possesses the stable state. Therefore,the foundation of the earth ecosystem theory is conducive to the studies of the global problems： the change processes and trends of resources,ecologies,environments,disasters,and so on.展开更多
In 2011,the ICOMOS-IFLA International Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes(ISCCL)began the World Rural Landscapes Initiative(WRLI)project to develop a complete and systematic approach to cultural heritage for r...In 2011,the ICOMOS-IFLA International Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes(ISCCL)began the World Rural Landscapes Initiative(WRLI)project to develop a complete and systematic approach to cultural heritage for rural areas.Rural landscapes need further study in terms of methodology,operation and internationally recognised documents:protection and promotion,knowledge,methodology and management at international,national and local levels.The goals of the WRLI were:a principles text containing theoretical,methodological and operational criteria;a website;a glossary;an atlas of rural landscapes;and a general bibliography.The first goal has been achieved:Principles Concerning Rural Landscapes as Heritage was adopted as a doctrinal text by ICOMOS(2017).This paper presents the main cultural premises and contents of the Principles text:(I)the theoretical concepts of the‘Rural Landscape’and‘Rural Landscape as Heritage’;and(II)‘Action criteria’which guide the development of policies for rural landscapes as heritage and resources:knowledge,protection,sustainable management,communication and transmission of physical places and associated heritage values.This paper covers:the importance of time in policy strategy;the(false)contradiction of conservation and innovation and the concept of‘appropriate’transformation;the role of stakeholders;value recognition;knowledge;information;communication and public reception.展开更多
文摘Earth is the place of human existence and life. Without the earth,there is no human,no nature either. To study human existence,the earth of human living is firstly studied. By the study of many natural phenomena on the earth,we firstly put forward the theory of earth ecosystem,expound its definition,structure,aim,function,content and significance,and illustrate the characteristics of earth ecosystem. So we found the theory of earth ecosystem,and unveil the variable processes and the operation mechanisms of earth ecosystem. We put forward the earth ecosystem and its theoretic system,which are different from the previous ＂ earth system science＂ and ＂ Gaia hypothesis＂. We consider that among each part of the environment,between environment and organism,there are organic,close and coalescent relationships,so that the earth ecosystem is able to have a sustainable development. Even if there is no life,the earth ecosystem also can control and regulate the earth changes,and possesses the stable state. Therefore,the foundation of the earth ecosystem theory is conducive to the studies of the global problems： the change processes and trends of resources,ecologies,environments,disasters,and so on.
文摘In 2011,the ICOMOS-IFLA International Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes(ISCCL)began the World Rural Landscapes Initiative(WRLI)project to develop a complete and systematic approach to cultural heritage for rural areas.Rural landscapes need further study in terms of methodology,operation and internationally recognised documents:protection and promotion,knowledge,methodology and management at international,national and local levels.The goals of the WRLI were:a principles text containing theoretical,methodological and operational criteria;a website;a glossary;an atlas of rural landscapes;and a general bibliography.The first goal has been achieved:Principles Concerning Rural Landscapes as Heritage was adopted as a doctrinal text by ICOMOS(2017).This paper presents the main cultural premises and contents of the Principles text:(I)the theoretical concepts of the‘Rural Landscape’and‘Rural Landscape as Heritage’;and(II)‘Action criteria’which guide the development of policies for rural landscapes as heritage and resources:knowledge,protection,sustainable management,communication and transmission of physical places and associated heritage values.This paper covers:the importance of time in policy strategy;the(false)contradiction of conservation and innovation and the concept of‘appropriate’transformation;the role of stakeholders;value recognition;knowledge;information;communication and public reception.
