Structural and functional connectivity of the whole brain and subnetworks in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury:predictors of patient prognosis

Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely utilized to investigate neuro biological markers after mild traumatic brain injury.This approach has emerged as a promising tool for investigating the pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury.G raph theory is a quantitative method of analyzing complex networks that has been widely used to study changes in brain structure and function.However,most previous mild traumatic brain injury studies using graph theory have focused on specific populations,with limited exploration of simultaneous abnormalities in structural and functional connectivity.Given that mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury encounte red in clinical practice,further investigation of the patient characteristics and evolution of structural and functional connectivity is critical.In the present study,we explored whether abnormal structural and functional connectivity in the acute phase could serve as indicators of longitudinal changes in imaging data and cognitive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.In this longitudinal study,we enrolled 46 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who were assessed within 2 wee ks of injury,as well as 36 healthy controls.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired for graph theoretical network analysis.In the acute phase,patients with mild traumatic brain injury demonstrated reduced structural connectivity in the dorsal attention network.More than 3 months of followup data revealed signs of recovery in structural and functional connectivity,as well as cognitive function,in 22 out of the 46 patients.Furthermore,better cognitive function was associated with more efficient networks.Finally,our data indicated that small-worldness in the acute stage could serve as a predictor of longitudinal changes in connectivity in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.These findings highlight the importance of integrating structural and functional connectivity in unde rstanding the occurrence and evolution of mild traumatic brain injury.Additionally,exploratory analysis based on subnetworks could serve a predictive function in the prognosis of patients with mild traumatic brain injury.

Strain Transfer Mechanism of Grating Ends Fiber Bragg Grating for Structural Health Monitoring

The grating ends bonding fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensor has been widely used in sensor packages such as substrate type and clamp type for health monitoring of large structures.However,owing to the shear deformation of the adhesive layer of FBG,the strain measured by FBG is often different from the strain of actual matrix,which causes strain measurement errors.This investigation aims at improving the measurement accuracy of strain for the grating ends surface-bonded FBG.To fulfill this objective,a strain transfer equation of the grating ends bonding FBG is derived,and a theoretical model of the average strain transfer from the matrix to the optical fiber is developed.Moreover,parameters that influence the average strain transfer rate from the matrix to the optical fiber are analyzed.A selection scheme of bonding parameters by numerical simulation is provided,which is significantly advantageous over that of the grating bonding FBG.The theoretical equation is verified by finite element method(FEM).Compared with the existing model,the proposed model has higher measurement accuracy.Experimental tests are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model on the equalintensity cantilever beam,whose surface is attached to the bare FBG with grating ends bonding and strain gauge by using epoxy glue.The results show that there is a great agreement between the outcome of the bare FBG and that of the strain gauge,and the corrected strain is closer to the true strain.The proposed model provides a theoretical basis for the design of the grating ends surface-bonded FBG strain sensor for health monitoring of large structures.

Study of Cultural Negative Transfer in Cross-cultural Communication

Different nations in the world have their own cultures, and these cultures are characterized by both universality and particularity. The former provides a foundation and guarantee for intercultural communication, while the latter often leads to negative cultural transfer in communication if the speakers are unconscious of cultural differences. This paper makes a general analysis of the negative transfer of surface-structure culture in language forms and that of deep-structure culture in values, thought patterns, religious beliefs and ethics. It holds that failure in intercultural communication will occur if inadequate attention is paid to cultural differences in the process of language and culture learning.

Time Symmetry Analysis of Nonlinear Parity Based on S-P Compensation Network Structure

The wireless power transmission system based on nonlinear parity time symmetry is a robust sys-tem that can maintain high-efficiency transmission at a certain distance.Parity-Time Symmetry(PT symmetry)wireless power transfer system,due to its insensitivity to the position of the coupled resonant coil over a large range,can carry out constant power transfer to the load,and through coupled mode theory The PT symmetrical wireless power transmission circuit with S-P structure is analyzed,and the system has different transmission efficiencies in different coupling intervals,and the transmission effect of the structure at different distances is studied with the change of coupling coefficient.Then,the simulation is carried out by MATLAB and origin software.The final results show that the transmission efficiency does not change with the coupling coefficient in the strong coupling region and can maintain high-efficiency transmission.In the weak coupling region,the coupling coefficient has a great influence on the transmission efficiency of the system.

Higher Variations of the Monty Hall Problem (3.0, 4.0) and Empirical Definition of the Phenomenon of Mathematics, in Boole’s Footsteps, as Something the Brain Does

In Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 2011), pp. 136-154, the mathematical structure of the much discussed problem of probability known as the Monty Hall problem was mapped in detail. It is styled here as Monty Hall 1.0. The proposed analysis was then generalized to related cases involving any number of doors (d), cars (c), and opened doors (o) (Monty Hall 2.0) and 1 specific case involving more than 1 picked door (p) (Monty Hall 3.0). In cognitive terms, this analysis was interpreted in function of the presumed digital nature of rational thought and language. In the present paper, Monty Hall 1.0 and 2.0 are briefly reviewed (§§2-3). Additional generalizations of the problem are then presented in §§4-7. They concern expansions of the problem to the following items: (1) to any number of picked doors, with p denoting the number of doors initially picked and q the number of doors picked when switching doors after doors have been opened to reveal goats (Monty Hall 3.0;see §4);(3) to the precise conditions under which one’s chances increase or decrease in instances of Monty Hall 3.0 (Monty Hall 3.2;see §6);and (4) to any number of switches of doors (s) (Monty Hall 4.0;see §7). The afore-mentioned article in APM, Vol. 1, No. 4 may serve as a useful introduction to the analysis of the higher variations of the Monty Hall problem offered in the present article. The body of the article is by Leo Depuydt. An appendix by Richard D. Gill (see §8) provides additional context by building a bridge to modern probability theory in its conventional notation and by pointing to the benefits of certain interesting and relevant tools of computation now available on the Internet. The cognitive component of the earlier investigation is extended in §9 by reflections on the foundations of mathematics. It will be proposed, in the footsteps of George Boole, that the phenomenon of mathematics needs to be defined in empirical terms as something that happens to the brain or something that the brain does. It is generally assumed that mathematics is a property of nature or reality or whatever one may call it. There is not the slightest intention in this paper to falsify this assumption because it cannot be falsified, just as it cannot be empirically or positively proven. But there is no way that this assumption can be a factual observation. It can be no more than an altogether reasonable, yet fully secondary, inference derived mainly from the fact that mathematics appears to work, even if some may deem the fact of this match to constitute proof. On the deepest empirical level, mathematics can only be directly observed and therefore directly analyzed as an activity of the brain. The study of mathematics therefore becomes an essential part of the study of cognition and human intelligence. The reflections on mathematics as a phenomenon offered in the present article will serve as a prelude to planned articles on how to redefine the foundations of probability as one type of mathematics in cognitive fashion and on how exactly Boole’s theory of probability subsumes, supersedes, and completes classical probability theory. §§2-7 combined, on the one hand, and §9, on the other hand, are both self-sufficient units and can be read independently from one another. The ultimate design of the larger project of which this paper is part remains the increase of digitalization of the analysis of rational thought and language, that is, of (rational, not emotional) human intelligence. To reach out to other disciplines, an effort is made to describe the mathematics more explicitly than is usual.

The Monty Hall Problem and beyond: Digital-Mathematical and Cognitive Analysis in Boole’s Algebra, Including an Extension and Generalization to Related Cases

The Monty Hall problem has received its fair share of attention in mathematics. Recently, an entire monograph has been devoted to its history. There has been a multiplicity of approaches to the problem. These approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive. The design of the present paper is to add one more approach by analyzing the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem in digital terms. The structure of the problem is described as much as possible in the tradition and the spirit—and as much as possible by means of the algebraic conventions—of George Boole’s Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854), the Magna Charta of the digital age, and of John Venn’s Symbolic Logic (second edition, 1894), which is squarely based on Boole’s Investigation and elucidates it in many ways. The focus is not only on the digital-mathematical structure itself but also on its relation to the presumed digital nature of cognition as expressed in rational thought and language. The digital approach is outlined in part 1. In part 2, the Monty Hall problem is analyzed digitally. To ensure the generality of the digital approach and demonstrate its reliability and productivity, the Monty Hall problem is extended and generalized in parts 3 and 4 to related cases in light of the axioms of probability theory. In the full mapping of the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem and any extensions thereof, a digital or non-quantitative skeleton is fleshed out by a quantitative component. The pertinent mathematical equations are developed and presented and illustrated by means of examples.

宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变术后病人健康生活方式与健康素养结构方程模型的构建

目的:通过构建宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)术后病人健康素养影响健康生活方式的结构方程模型,定量分析模型中健康素养对健康生活方式的作用路径。方法:以认知行为理论为理论框架构建结构方程模型,定量分析健康素养各维度对健康生活方式的影响,并找出健康生活方式的主要影响因素,采用路径系数分析健康素养各维度对健康生活方式的作用路径。结果:构建的结构方程模型整体适配度较好,HSIL术后病人健康素养的知识层面正向预测健康生活方式的自我实现、运动、营养、人际关系(β值分别为0.270,0.251,0.128,0.270),行为层面正向预测自我实现、健康责任、运动、营养、应对压力(β值分别为0.330,0.273,0.126,0.222,0.259),信念层面正向预测自我实现、健康责任、运动、营养、人际关系、应对压力(β值分别为0.292,0.250,0.262,0.127,0.201,0.151),功能层面正向预测自我实现、健康责任、营养、人际关系、应对压力(β值分别为0.299,0.263,0.334,0.211,0.200)。结论:HSIL术后病人健康素养对健康生活方式具有较强的预测和解释能力。

无损检测专业英语教学中的认知结构迁移理论应用研究

个体的认知在头脑中以“图式”的框图模式储备。已有的先验知识以迁移的形式影响新知识的学习,包括积极的正迁移和错误的负迁移,这将同化或顺应原有的“图式”形成新的“图式”。从大学英语知识的迁移、相关专业知识的迁移以及端正学习态度3个层面探讨认知结构迁移理论在无损检测专业英语教学中的影响,给出教师在专业英语教学中帮助学生形成正迁移的相关建议和策略,具有非常重要的意义。同时,通过无损检测专业英语课程的负迁移案例分析发现,教师授课时应注意减小或消除负迁移对新知识学习的影响。研究表明,认知结构迁移理论在专业英语中的应用有助于提高学生英语素养,丰富和改善大脑中原有的“图式”结构。

颗粒间的智慧:化学工程专家李洪钟院士的流态化人生

李洪钟是我国著名化学工程学家,流态化研究领域的学术带头人之一。他建立了非流态化气固两相流理论,丰富了多相流学科的科学内涵,有效解决粉体工业生产技术难题;通过自研微观摄像机,在国际上首次拍到快速流化床的颗粒聚团和稀密两相结构,引起了学术界广泛关注;提出了气固流态化散式化理论方法,大幅提高了传统多相反应器的转化效率;构建了气固流化床结构传递关系与反应行为的量化调控方法,推进流态化工业开发与过程工程学科研究。文章从李洪钟求学经历、创新科研、工业开发和著书育人等方面揭示了他献身报国的科学家精神。

机坪管制移交区域划设影响因素研究

论文针对机坪管制移交工作中责任边界划设问题,构建机坪管制移交区域划设影响因素体系,将灰数系统理论融入DEMATEL-AISM模型中,利用中心度与熵权法改进模型主观赋权问题,构建Grey-DEMATEL-AISM模型,探寻因素间耦合关系,划分因素层级结构,并根据成都双流国际机场机坪管制移交情况进行实例验证。结果表明:机坪管制移交区域划设影响因素共15个,其结构体系可划分为5个层次,机坪管制员负荷与空管塔台管制员负荷为原因度最小的结果因素,位于上层直观层;塔台位置、跑滑构型等12项因素位于中间过渡层;场面流量是原因度最大的原因因素,位于底层根源层。

嵌入理论视角下高等教育项目实施效果的影响因素及其治理

项目制在高校治理过程中发挥越来越重要的作用。本文从认知嵌入、结构嵌入和制度嵌入三个方面对高等教育项目嵌入高校治理进行分析,发现以下因素对嵌入效果有重要影响:一是项目嵌入背景,如对政策意图的把握、所获得的经费支持;二是项目嵌入基础,如项目的科学性、公平性;三是项目嵌入关键,如学校的重视程度、学术带头人的能力素养、项目成员的组成结构、文化与信任因素;四是项目嵌入重点,如项目执行落地、项目参与主体间的利益博弈、项目成果评价。基于此,提出高等教育项目嵌入高校的治理建议:一是强化政府的战略地位,如优化政策支持、完善评价监督体系;二是突出高校主导地位,如辨识项目属性、合理任命项目总负责人;三是夯实项目组织的主体地位,如增强团队共识、精简组织结构、协同多方单位。

论思政课学生悟道理的认知加工及其推进策略

思政课的本质是讲道理,老师的“用心教”要启发学生的“用心悟”才能达到效果。认知是悟道理的基础,要启发学生悟道理,需要对学生悟道理的认知加工及其推进策略进行研究。思政课所讲的道理决定了学生对道理的悟具有领悟、顿悟、觉悟三个层次。从学习认知的视角来看,领悟发生在知识获得中,认知加工的关键在认知结构的建构;顿悟发生在问题解决中,认知加工的关键在问题表征的形成;觉悟发生在道理运用中,认知加工的关键在学习迁移的发生。为此,思政课应当通过学理化的论证、系统性的阐释、认知冲突的消解来推动认知结构的发展;通过对问题情境关键信息的提取和讲解促进问题表征的形成;通过学生能力的培养、问题情境的丰富、学习环境的拓展助力学习迁移的发生。

情报监督制度形成的动因分析--基于“五眼联盟”国家制度现象的考察

[研究目的]情报监督制度是情报工作高效合法运行的规范保证,构建情报监督制度需要了解制度形成的动因,通过观察“五眼联盟”国家的制度形成现象,理解情报监督制度形成的制约和驱动要素,既可以夯实研究的理论基础,也有助于实践中推进制度构建。[研究方法]利用文献研究、案例讨论的方法分析制度形成动因,并利用资料实证的方法对研究观点进行检验。[研究结论]研究表明,将情报监督制度置于中观层面有助于理解情报监督制度在宏观和微观层面的形成动因:宏观的规范—认知视角下,情报监督制度的形成受到来自国际盟友的规范压力和现代社会的观念压力影响;微观的结构—能动视角下,面向情报机构的监测激励机制和面向决策者的决策需求评估机制共同驱动了情报监督制度的形成。

基于社会认知理论的高校学生乡村研学意愿影响因素及路径研究——以云南昆明地区为例

本文以昆明地区高校学生为例,基于社会认知理论,构建高校学生参与乡村研学意愿影响因素的假设模型,利用调查问卷的方式,探究高校学生乡村研学参与意愿的影响因素。研究结果显示:自我效用、结果预期、政策扶持、学校安排和家庭支持会对参与意愿产生正向影响;参与意愿正向影响参与行为。本文从个人认知和环境因素两个方面提出高校学生参与乡村研学意愿的提升路径,以期为下阶段高校学生参与乡村研学的全面推广提供借鉴及参考。

基于具身认知理论的混合式教学评价指标构建

混合式教学成为教育新常态,构建科学有效的教学评价指标十分必要。具身认知理论强调认知、身体、环境的互动,与混合式教学具有内在关联性。基于具身认知理论,从关注教学过程与结果,注重学生主体参与角度出发,构建包括教师教学水平、学生学习效果、教学支持基础和互动反馈四个维度的混合式教学评价指标,以促进混合式教学的规范化发展。

戴季陶中国自强论的认知框架及现代启示

戴季陶在对日本神权思想、日本国民性格等方面进行深入分析的基础上判断“日本侵略中国之必然”;面对日本的侵略,戴季陶从日本的军事实力、当时的国际关系等角度进行了深刻剖析,得出日本必败的结论,进而提出具体的应付之策,即中国自强论。他的中国自强论的背后蕴含了“以信仰动力论为理论指导、以自我保存论为前提、以经济发展论为根本路径”的深层认知框架,从应对中日关系及主义信仰等角度来看,戴季陶的中国自强论及相关思想具有一定的现代启示意义。

多媒体教学中通道效应的局限性及启示

为利用通道效应优化多媒体教学效果,基于通道效应的各种理论解释及局限性分析产生通道效应的外部条件,发现从加工系统本身看,注意资源的分割,认知负荷的过载,及加工通道的临近性是产生通道效应的重要因素。同时也不可忽略学习材料的呈现时间、文本与图片的关联等外部条件。教学者应综合考虑自身的认知加工能力、调整学习材料的呈现速度等因素,利用通道效应优化多媒体教学效果。

基于布鲁纳认知结构理论的高校声乐教学策略创新

近年来,高校声乐教学受重视度越来越高,但从当前教学状况来看,声乐课堂教学仍然存在较多不足之处,阻碍了声乐教学的发展。为解决高校声乐教学存在的问题,尝试引入布鲁纳认知结构理论,创新教学模式,补充现有的教学理论,完善教学方法。对布鲁纳认知结构理论在高校声乐教学的应用进行探讨,在厘清主体交互性的声乐教学理念、发现式探索的声乐教学等基础概念的基础上,从注重外在奖励和内在动力的平衡、注重直觉思维应用的重要性、注重学生分享与教师引导、强调声乐艺术教学融入心理学内容、注重建设共享共创的师生关系等方面分析了布鲁纳认知结构理论对高校声乐教学的启示,从注重教师在学生学习行为过程的参与、打造声乐教学交流圈、注重教材和师生的适配性、引导学生理解不同风格和唱法的作品等维度提出了具体的策略。

新生代农民工建筑业从业意愿实证研究:基于社会认知理论

基于社会认知理论,构建了新生代农民工建筑业从业意愿理论模型,并运用结构方程模型对理论模型进行实证分析。结果表明:与自我效能感相比,结果预期更能提高新生代农民工建筑业从业意愿;此外,组织支持、社会支持和行业转型对新生代农民工建筑业从业的结果预期和自我效能感均有显著影响,制度支持对从业的结果预期有显著影响。研究结果可为提高新生代农民工建筑业从业意愿提供对策与建议,具有一定的理论意义与实践价值。

存量市场下健身APP用户黏度增强设计研究

目的持续使用意向是用户持续性保持某行为的直观投射,也是APP用户黏度的直观表现。研究健身APP用户黏度的影响因素,有助于用户健身体验的优化。方法利用文献研究法在信息系统持续使用模型的基础上,引入社会认知理论中自我效能、社会影响等变量建立APP黏度影响因素假设模型。对233名用户进行数据搜集,并对数据进行信度效度分析,通过结构方程模型衡量各变量关联程度,从双理论角度,将各变量作为健身APP系统设计的因素。结果直接影响用户黏度的要素有:自我效能、感知有用性与满意度,间接因素体现为社会影响与便利条件。结论根据各因素导向,提出了旨在增强健身APP用户黏度的整体性设计策略:即以易得性、胜任性、反馈性、意外性、社群性五大原则指导设计。