A Linguistic and Stylistic Analysis of the Chinese Translation of Obama's Speech at the First Meeting of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue between the United States and China——Through the Lens of Reiss' s Text Type Theory

According to Reiss’s Text Type theory,a key part of the functionalist approach in translation studies,the source text can be assigned to a text type and to a genre.In making this assignment,the translator can decide on the hierarchy of postulates which has to be observed during target-text production(Mona,2005).This essay intends to conduct a linguistic and stylistic analysis of the Chinese translation of Obama’s speech to explore the general approach of the translator(if there is one),by comparing the respective results of the two analyses from the perspective of Katharina Reiss’s Text Type theory.In doing so,critical judgments will accordingly be made as to whether such an approach is justifiable or not.

A Corpus-based Study of English Translation of Chinese Traffic Signs

This paper takes Wuhan’s traffic signs as the research object,and collects the Chinese and English traffic signs in large quantities to build a small corpus.According to the text type theory proposed by German functionalist school Katarina Rice,in this article the traffic signs are classified into three categories:information type text identifier,expression type text identifier and opera⁃tion type text identifier according to six functions including indication,prompt,restriction,compulsory,persuasion and publicity.It attempts to reveal the characteristics of Chinese signs and English translations of different text types,and to explore the translation and semantic rhyme of the word"forbidden"in the English translation of high-frequency vocabulary in traffic signs.It aims to pro⁃vide reference for the English translation of traffic signs,create a good language environment,shape a good city image,and increase the degree of China's internationalization.

The Inheritance and Innovation of Translation Theory——The Perspective on Original Works

For more than a thousand years since the formation of translation as a discipline,many translation theories and different translation schools have emerged.The exploration of translation theories has lasted for hundreds and thousands of years.Each translation school has proposed different translation theories.Throughout the development of translation theory,discussions have always centered on the relationship between the source text and the target text,encompassing translation strategies such as foreignization and domestication,as well as methods like literal translation and free translation.This relationship has been the main thread running through the history of translation theory development.In the 1970s,Reiss,a representative of the German functionalist school,put forward the text type theory.She linked the function of language with language type and text to study translation.She explored the different functions of various types of source texts from the perspective of text type.Therefore,in this paper,the functions and positions of the source text in translation are the central issues.This paper consists of two parts.In the first part,the history of Western translation development is divided into three periods:classical,modern,and contemporary.It uses time as a clue to analyze the changes in the position and function of the source text in translation.In the second part,it uses Reiss’s text type theory as a basis to analyze the extent to which the source text restricts the translator.

Combinatorial Dyson-Schwinger equations and inductive data types

The goal of this contribution is to explain the analogy between combinatorial Dyson-Schwinger equations and inductive data types to a readership of mathematical physicists. The connection relies on an interpretation of combinatorial Dyson-Schwinger equations as fixpoint equations for polynomial functors （established elsewhere by the author, and summarised here）, combined with the now-classical fact that polynomial functors provide semantics for inductive types. The paper is expository, and comprises also a brief introduction to type theory.

Thermionic emission theory and diffusion theory applied to CdTe PV devices

In this work, a comprehensive model that takes the phenomenon of carrier thermionic-emission within the frame work of a diffusion theory of current conducting into account in the type Ⅱ hetero-junction Cd Te solar cell is developed. According to this model, it is found that the total current flowing through the Cd Te solar cell is limited by the thermionic process for very thin quasi-neutral regions and limited by the diffusion process for the reverse case. In future research of the Cd Te solar cell, such an approach may enable the determination of the boundary conditions for all doping profiles and computation of the conversion efficiency, etc.

F-theory and N=1 Quivers from Polyvalent Geometry

We study four-dimensional quiver gauge models from F-theory compactified on fourfolds with hyper-K¨ahler structure.Using intersecting complex toric surfaces,we derive a class of N =1 quivers with charged fundamental matter placed on external nodes.The emphasis is on how local Calabi–Yau equations solve the corresponding physical constraints including the anomaly cancelation condition.Concretely,a linear chain of SU(N) groups with flavor symmetries has been constructed using polyvalent toric geometry.

Semantics of Constructions (Ⅱ)─ The Initial Algebraic Approach

Inductive types can be formulated by incorporating the idea of initial T-algebra. The interpretation of an inductive type of this kind boils down to finding out the initial T-algebra defined by the inductive type. In this paper the issue in the semantic domain of omega sets is examined. Based on the semantic results, a new class of inductive types, that of local inductive types, is proposed.

Constructive Sets in Computable Sets

The original interpretation of the constructive set theory CZF in Martin-Lof's type theory uses the 'extensional identity types'. It is generally believed that these 'types' do not belong to type theory. In this paper it will be shown that the interpretation goes through without identity types. This paper will also show that the interpretation can be given in an intensional type theory. This reflects the computational nature of the interpretation. This computational aspect is reinforced by an w-Set model of CZF

Structures Definable in Polymorphism

Encodings in polymorphism with finite product types are considered. These encodings aregiven in terms of I-algebras. They have the property that the ground terms are precisely theclosed normal terms of the encoded types. The proof of a well-known result is transplantedto the setting and it is shown why weak recursion is admissible. The paper also shows how tocarry out the dual encodingS using the existential quantifier.

Type System in Programming Languages

Type system provides a precise description of a programming language. This is a prerequisite for the implementation and use of language. It also conducts mechanical and transparent type-checking on programs to prevent the occurrence of execution error during the running of programs. So, it can be said that, on the one hand, type system works as a formal tool to do mathematical analysis of language; on the other hand, it is a formal method for rigorously and precisely designing and implementing language. In this paper, some basic concepts of type system are discussed first. And then, the implementation of a graph- rewriting- based functional language - SClean's type system is given in details. It is hoped that the proposed method of using and implementing type system is of practical usefulness.

Semantics of Constructions (I)──The Traditional Approach

It is well known that impredicative type systems do not have set theoretical semantics. This paper takes a look at semantics of inductive types in impredicative type systems. A generalized inductive type is interpreted as an omega set generated by effectivizing a certain rule set. The result provides a semantic justification of inductive types in the calculus of constructions.

The Expansion Postponement in Pure Type Systems

The expansion postponement problem in Pure Type Systems is an open problem raised by R. Pollack in 1992. In this paper, the author presents a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for this problem and a set of sufficient conditions for it. The author also gives some properties for pure type systems without the expansion rule.