Cancer constitutes a heterogenic cellular system with a high level of spatio-temporal complexity.Recent discoveries by systems biologists have provided emerging evidence that cellular responses to anti-cancer modaliti...Cancer constitutes a heterogenic cellular system with a high level of spatio-temporal complexity.Recent discoveries by systems biologists have provided emerging evidence that cellular responses to anti-cancer modalities are stochastic in nature.To uncover the intricacies of cell-to-cell variability and its relevance to cancer therapy,new analytical screening technologies are needed.The last decade has brought forth spectacular innovations in the field of cytometry and single cell cytomics,opening new avenues for systems oncology and high-throughput real-time drug screening routines.The up-and-coming microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip(LOC)technology and micrototal analysis systems(μTAS)are arguably the most promising platforms to address the inherent complexity of cellular systems with massive experimental parallelization and 4D analysis on a single cell level.The vast miniaturization of LOC systems and multiplexing enables innovative strategies to reduce drug screening expenditures while increasing throughput and content of information from a given sample.Small cell numbers and operational reagent volumes are sufficient for microfluidic analyzers and,as such,they enable next generation high-throughput and high-content screening of anticancer drugs on patient-derived specimens.Herein we highlight the selected advancements in this emerging field of bioengineering,and provide a snapshot of developments with relevance to anti-cancer drug screening routines.展开更多
Targeted therapy has been widely demonstrated as an effective strategy to treat cancers,the leading cause of death in the world.This minireview summarizes the technical platforms and methodologies utilized to develop ...Targeted therapy has been widely demonstrated as an effective strategy to treat cancers,the leading cause of death in the world.This minireview summarizes the technical platforms and methodologies utilized to develop and engineer therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates.First,the USA FDA approved monoclonal antibody(mAb)-based targeted therapies are reviewed.Then the representative innovative chimeric,humanized and fully human anti-cancer antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates are described.Finally,the past and predictive market trend of therapeutic antibodies is discussed.展开更多
In the last decades, the use of in vitro systems in liver research has grown exponentially. Important reasons promoting this work are the high throughput and ease of genetic manipulations afforded by these experiments...In the last decades, the use of in vitro systems in liver research has grown exponentially. Important reasons promoting this work are the high throughput and ease of genetic manipulations afforded by these experiments relative to in vivo experiments. Thousands of investigations of hepatocellular carcinoma have been performed employing the human hepatoma Huh-7 cell line. The extensive body of knowledge produced attests to the importance and value of this in vitro cell system to study the characteristics of hepatomas and the potential of natural and synthetic compounds to prevent and eliminate this liver cancer. The necessarily brief summary provided here attempts to summarise some of the most recent achievements and limitations of investigations with Huh-7 cells and derivatives.展开更多
Platelets contribute a major role in hemostasis by clumping and coagulation at the site of blood vessel injuries.In light of recent findings of a close relationship between platelets and immunological response,as well...Platelets contribute a major role in hemostasis by clumping and coagulation at the site of blood vessel injuries.In light of recent findings of a close relationship between platelets and immunological response,as well as interactions between platelets and cancer cells,novel engineering strategies have emerged for the integration of platelets or platelet membrane(PM)with anti-cancer therapeutics.In this review,we discuss several recent innovations that use platelets or their membranes to circumvent host immune responses and target tumor cells with high specificity to deliver a range of pharmacological,photothermal,or immunologic agents for eradication of recalcitrant tumor cells.More specifically,we compare the relative advantages of using whole platelets versus single or hybrid PM to coat nanoparticle cargoes.These cargoes range from well-established anti-tumor apoptosis-inducing agents,to relatively new photothermal agents that can induce a feedback cascade in which they induce vascular damage to the tumor which recruits more platelet-or membrane-encapsulated agents to induce further damage.We also discuss the use of engineered platelets to produce programmed cell death-inducing platelet derived microparticles.This review provides an overview and future directions for this promising platelet-based biomimetic approach to anti-cancer therapy.展开更多
文摘Cancer constitutes a heterogenic cellular system with a high level of spatio-temporal complexity.Recent discoveries by systems biologists have provided emerging evidence that cellular responses to anti-cancer modalities are stochastic in nature.To uncover the intricacies of cell-to-cell variability and its relevance to cancer therapy,new analytical screening technologies are needed.The last decade has brought forth spectacular innovations in the field of cytometry and single cell cytomics,opening new avenues for systems oncology and high-throughput real-time drug screening routines.The up-and-coming microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip(LOC)technology and micrototal analysis systems(μTAS)are arguably the most promising platforms to address the inherent complexity of cellular systems with massive experimental parallelization and 4D analysis on a single cell level.The vast miniaturization of LOC systems and multiplexing enables innovative strategies to reduce drug screening expenditures while increasing throughput and content of information from a given sample.Small cell numbers and operational reagent volumes are sufficient for microfluidic analyzers and,as such,they enable next generation high-throughput and high-content screening of anticancer drugs on patient-derived specimens.Herein we highlight the selected advancements in this emerging field of bioengineering,and provide a snapshot of developments with relevance to anti-cancer drug screening routines.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health R21CA226491-01A1 (X.M.L.),1R01CA238273-01A1 (X.M.L.) and 1R01CA242917-01A1(X.M.L.)
文摘Targeted therapy has been widely demonstrated as an effective strategy to treat cancers,the leading cause of death in the world.This minireview summarizes the technical platforms and methodologies utilized to develop and engineer therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates.First,the USA FDA approved monoclonal antibody(mAb)-based targeted therapies are reviewed.Then the representative innovative chimeric,humanized and fully human anti-cancer antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates are described.Finally,the past and predictive market trend of therapeutic antibodies is discussed.
文摘In the last decades, the use of in vitro systems in liver research has grown exponentially. Important reasons promoting this work are the high throughput and ease of genetic manipulations afforded by these experiments relative to in vivo experiments. Thousands of investigations of hepatocellular carcinoma have been performed employing the human hepatoma Huh-7 cell line. The extensive body of knowledge produced attests to the importance and value of this in vitro cell system to study the characteristics of hepatomas and the potential of natural and synthetic compounds to prevent and eliminate this liver cancer. The necessarily brief summary provided here attempts to summarise some of the most recent achievements and limitations of investigations with Huh-7 cells and derivatives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.21821005,21907096 and 82072406)National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2017YFA0207900)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.XDB29040303).
文摘Platelets contribute a major role in hemostasis by clumping and coagulation at the site of blood vessel injuries.In light of recent findings of a close relationship between platelets and immunological response,as well as interactions between platelets and cancer cells,novel engineering strategies have emerged for the integration of platelets or platelet membrane(PM)with anti-cancer therapeutics.In this review,we discuss several recent innovations that use platelets or their membranes to circumvent host immune responses and target tumor cells with high specificity to deliver a range of pharmacological,photothermal,or immunologic agents for eradication of recalcitrant tumor cells.More specifically,we compare the relative advantages of using whole platelets versus single or hybrid PM to coat nanoparticle cargoes.These cargoes range from well-established anti-tumor apoptosis-inducing agents,to relatively new photothermal agents that can induce a feedback cascade in which they induce vascular damage to the tumor which recruits more platelet-or membrane-encapsulated agents to induce further damage.We also discuss the use of engineered platelets to produce programmed cell death-inducing platelet derived microparticles.This review provides an overview and future directions for this promising platelet-based biomimetic approach to anti-cancer therapy.
