Modeling Approach of Regression Orthogonal Experiment Design for Thermal Error Compensation of CNC Turning Center

The thermal induced errors can account for as much as 70% of the dimensional errors on a workpiece. Accurate modeling of errors is an essential part of error compensation. Base on analyzing the existing approaches of the thermal error modeling for machine tools, a new approach of regression orthogonal design is proposed, which combines the statistic theory with machine structures, surrounding condition, engineering judgements, and experience in modeling. A whole computation and analysis procedure is given. Therefore, the model got from this method are more robust and practical than those got from the present method that depends on the modeling data completely. At last more than 100 applications of CNC turning center with only one thermal error model are given. The cutting diameter variation reduces from more than 35 μm to about 12 μm with the orthogonal regression modeling and compensation of thermal error.

CNC Thermal Compensation Based on Mind Evolutionary Algorithm Optimized BP Neural Network

Thermal deformation error is one of the most important factors affecting the CNCs’ accuracy, so research is conducted on the temperature errors affecting CNCs’ machining accuracy;on the basis of analyzing the unpredictability and pre-maturing of the results of the genetic algorithm, as well as the slow speed of the training speed of the particle algorithm, a kind of Mind Evolutionary Algorithm optimized BP neural network featuring extremely strong global search capacity was proposed;type KVC850MA/2 five-axis CNC of Changzheng Lathe Factory was used as the research subject, and the Mind Evolutionary Algorithm optimized BP neural network algorithm was used for the establishment of the compensation model between temperature changes and the CNCs’ thermal deformation errors, as well as the realization method on hardware. The simulation results indicated that this method featured extremely high practical value.

The Approach of Compensation of Air Refractive Index in Thermal Expansion Coefficients Measurement Based on Laser Feedback Interferometry

We present the thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） measurement technology of compensating for the effect of variations in the refractive index based on a Nd： YA G laser feedback system, the beam frequency is shifted by a pair of aeousto-optic modulators and then the heterodyne phase measurement technique is used. The sample measured is placed in a muffle furnace with two coaxial holes opened on the opposite furnace walls. The measurement beams hit perpendicularly and coaxially on each surface of the sample. The reference beams hit on the reference mirror and the high-refiectivity mirror, respectively. By the heterodyne configuration and computing, the influences of the vibration, distortion of the sample supporter and the effect of variations in the refractive index are measured and largely minimized. For validation, the TECs of aluminum samples are determined in the temperature range of 29-748K, confirming not only the precision within 5 × 10-7 K-1 and the accuracy within 0.4% from 298K to 448K but also the high sensitivity non-contact measurement of the lower reflectivity surface induced by the sample oxidization from 448 K to 748 K.

Influence of low temperature on the surface deformation of deformable mirrors

The two factors which influence the low temperature performance of deformable mirrors（DMs） are the piezoelectric stroke of the actuators and the thermally induced surface deformation of the DM. A new theory was proposed to explain the thermally induced surface deformation of the DM： because the thermal strain between the actuators and the base leads to an additional moment according to the theory of plates, the base will be bent and the bowing base will result in an obvious surface deformation of the facesheet. The finite element method（FEM） was used to prove the theory. The results showed that the thermally induced surface deformation is mainly caused by the base deformation which is induced by the coefficient of thermal expansion（CTE） mismatching; when the facesheet has similar CTE with the actuators, the surface deformation of the DM would be smoother. Then an optimized DM design was adopted to reduce the surface deformation of the DMs at low temperature. The low temperature tests of two 61-element discrete PZT actuator sample deformable mirrors and the corresponding optimized DMs were conducted to verify the simulated results. The results showed that the optimized DMs perform well.

A Yb:KGW dual-crystal regenerative amplifier

This study develops a Yb:KGW dual-crystal based regenerative amplifier.The thermal lensing and gain-narrowing effects are compensated by the dual-crystal configuration.Sub-nanojoule pulses are amplified to 1.5 mJ with 9 nm spectral bandwidth and 1 kHz repetition rate using chirped pulse amplification technology.Consequently,1.2 m J pulses with a pulse duration of 227 fs are obtained after compression.Thanks to the cavity design,the output laser was a near diffraction limited beam with M2 around 1.1.The amplifier has the potential to boost energy above 2 m J after compression and act as a front end for a future kilohertz terawatt-class diode-pumped Yb:KGW laser system.