A 1.2 V,3.1%3σ-accuracy thermal sensor analog front-end circuit in 12 nm CMOS process

This paper presents a 1.2 V high accuracy thermal sensor analog front-end circuit with 7 probes placed around the microprocessor chip.This analog front-end consists of a BGR(bandgap reference),a DEM(dynamic element matching)control,and probes.The BGR generates the voltages linear changed with temperature,which are followed by the data read out circuits.The superior accuracy of the BGR’s output voltage is a key factor for sensors fabricated via the FinFET digital process.Here,a 4-stage folded current bias structure is proposed,to increase DC accuracy and confer immunity against FinFET process variation due to limited device length and low current bias.At the same time,DEM is also adopted,so as to filter out current branch mismatches.Having been fabricated via a 12 nm FinFET CMOS process,200 chips were tested.The measurement results demonstrate that these analog front-end circuits can work steadily below 1.2 V,and a less than 3.1%3σ-accuracy level is achieved.Temperature stability is 0.088 mV/℃across a range from-40 to 130℃.

A Monolithic Integrated CMOS Thermal Vacuum Sensor

The monolithic integrated micro sensor is an important direction in the fields of integrated circuits and micro sensors. In this paper,a monolithic thermal vacuum sensor based on a micro-hotplate （MHP） and operating under constant bias voltage conditions was designed. A new monolithic integrating mode was proposed,in which the dielectric and passiva- tion layers in standard CMOS processes were used as sensor structure layers,gate polysilicon as the sacrificial layer,and the second polysilicon layer as the sensor heating resistor. Then, the fabricating processes were designed and the monolithic thermal vacuum sensor was fabricated with a 0. 6μm mixed signal CMOS process followed by sacrificial layer etching technology. The measurement results show that the fabricated monolithic vacuum sensor can measure the pressure range of 2- 10^5 Pa and the output voltage is adjustable.

Indoor Human Detection Based on Thermal Array Sensor Data and Adaptive Background Estimation

Low Resolution Thermal Array Sensors are widely used in several applications in indoor environments. In particular, one of these cheap, small and unobtrusive sensors provides a low-resolution thermal image of the environment and, unlike cameras;it is capable to detect human heat emission even in dark rooms. The obtained thermal data can be used to monitor older seniors while they are performing daily activities at home, to detect critical situations such as falls. Most of the studies in activity recognition using Thermal Array Sensors require human detection techniques to recognize humans passing in the sensor field of view. This paper aims to improve the accuracy of the algorithms used so far by considering the temperature environment variation. This method leverages an adaptive background estimation and a noise removal technique based on Kalman Filter. In order to properly validate the system, a novel installation of a single sensor has been implemented in a smart environment: the obtained results show an improvement in human detection accuracy with respect to the state of the art, especially in case of disturbed environments.

On the Temperature Profile of the Thermally Excited Resonant Silicon Micro Structural Pressure Sensor

According to the sensing structure of a practical silicon resonant pressure micro sensor whose preliminary sensing unit is a square silicon diaphragm and the final sensing unit is a silicon beam resonator, its operating mechanism is analyzed. The thermal resistor acts as the excited unit, and the piezoresistive unit acts as the detector, for the above micro sensor. By using the amplitude and phase conditions, the self exciting closed loop system is investigated based on the operating mechanism for the abov...

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THERMAL SENSOR FOR ROBOT

A thermal sensor for material identification is proposed. This paper describes the model,design, and testing of the sensor. Some factors of the detector which affect the performancesof the sensor are discussed. A new concept called the thermal sense characteristic parameter isadvanced, and the relationship between the thermal sense characteristic parameter and theresponse of the sensor is given. A method for computing thermal sense characteristic param-eter from the response of the sensor is indicated. Based on our developed sensor, the correc-tion rates of the testing results of the seven materials (copper, aluminum, steel, rubber, PCB,polyflon, paper) from 130 identifications are 100%.

Micro thermal shear stress sensor based on vacuum anodic bonding and bulk-micromachining

This paper describes a micro thermal shear stress sensor with a cavity underneath, based on vacuum anodic bonding and bulk micromachined technology. A Ti/Pt alloy strip, 2μm×100μm, is deposited on the top of a thin silicon nitride diaphragm and functioned as the thermal sensor element. By using vacuum anodic bonding and bulk-si anisotropic wet etching process instead of the sacrificial-layer technique, a cavity, functioned as the adiabatic vacuum chamber, 200μm×200μm×400μm, is placed between the silicon nitride diaphragm and glass （Corning 7740）. This method totally avoid adhesion problem which is a major issue of the sacrificial-layer technique.

基于电介质超材料的中红外超窄带吸波器

电介质超材料因具有极低欧姆损耗受到广泛关注.提出一种基于电介质超材料的中红外超窄带吸波器,该吸波器由顶层电介质微结构、中间层电介质膜和基底金属构成.研究结果表明:该吸波器在中红外波段存在带宽为2.40nm的吸收峰;电场主要分布于顶层硅微结构之间的间隙,导致吸收损耗功率显著降低,进而实现吸收带宽压缩;作为传感器时,在中红外波段该吸波器的品质因数可达80.可见,该吸波器可应用于中红外热辐射光源和高性能传感器.

氢气传感器在电解制氧系统中的应用研究

针对电解制氧系统中氢气浓度测量受环境因素影响大、测量准确性低等问题,选取了半导体型、催化燃烧型、热导型三类不同原理的氢气传感器,对其在电解制氧系统中的应用进行了试验验证,并对试验结果进行了讨论,分析了各类氢气传感器的使用局限性。

锂离子电池热失控气体毒性风险分析方法

为研究锂离子电池热失控气体中主要有毒物质的危害程度,提出一种基于风险评估理论的锂离子电池热失控气体毒性风险分析方法。以点燃参数表征锂离子电池热失控发生概率,利用2种有效剂量分数(FED)方程与气体传感器阵列检测结果,建立锂离子电池热失控气体毒性动力学模型,进而表征气体毒性造成的后果,分析不同荷电状态(SOC)下三元锂离子电池热失控气体的毒性风险。结果表明:高SOC锂离子电池更易进入热失控状态,热失控释放的CO、HF及气体总量随SOC的增加而增加;锂离子电池SOC越高,热失控释放气体毒性风险越大,100%SOC锂离子电池毒性风险约为25%SOC锂离子电池的8倍,需要11倍的新鲜空气稀释才能达到安全浓度。研究结果可为锂离子电池热失控早期预警及气体毒性评价提供数据参考。

近红外光谱传感器的测点热误差补偿方法设计

红外光谱传感器测量受测点不合理产生的热误差影响存在测量偏差较大的问题。提出一种近红外光谱传感器测点热误差补偿方法。根据近红外光谱传感器热变形和测点温度之间的关联性,确定近红外光谱传感器最佳测温点。根据偏F统计量的检验在回归模型中加入拟合处理后的温度变量,删除前期无利用价值的温度变量,以此为依据建立测点热误差模型。根据测点热误差模型中的约束条件,对各个测点进行标定处理,同时引入人工神经网络对近红外光谱传感器各个测点进行温度拟合补偿。实验结果表明,所提方法得到的测点热误差补偿量最高值为45μm、对丝杠XYZ三个轴的补偿量与实际值一致、补偿后的误差控制在4.5μm以内。证明采用所提方法可以获取满意的近红外光谱传感器温度补偿结果。

基于多个热成像探头传感器的滑环装置碳刷温度监测与分析

文章设计了一款基于多个热成像探头传感器的滑环装置碳刷温度监测系统,该系统利用热成像探头传感器来获取碳刷的温度数据,并通过数据处理和分析,实现对碳刷温度的监测和报警。系统采用热成像视频监测,增加现地显示装置,通过对系统进行设计,实现了历史数据查询、故障预警等多种功能,可更好地保障水利发电的安全运行。

基于气动位移传感器的纵切车床热误差测量方法研究

针对传统纵切车床热误差测量方法时间长,导致测量过程中的瞬态热行为影响测量结果的问题,提出了一种基于气动位移传感器的纵切车床热误差测量方法。首先,将两个气动差动变压器(Linear Variable Displacement Transducer,LVDT)式位移传感器安装于刀具架上;其次,利用数控程序控制测量,可以实现刀具运动空间内X和Y方向热误差的测量,测量时间缩短至5 s;最后,进行热误差测量实验。实验表明:这种方法的测量结果与激光干涉仪测量结果平均偏差小于0.5μm,验证了这种方法的可行性与有效性。这种方法测量时间短、成本低,为纵切车床热误差补偿提供了依据。

基于双螺旋式加热器的柔性MEMS流量传感器

针对传统流量传感器的量程限制,提出了一种基于双螺旋结构加热器的柔性基底微机电系统(MEMS)热式流量传感器。在基底上打出均匀通孔阵列以降低热传导损耗,两对测温电阻对称分布在加热器两侧,以获得较宽量程,在微小流量与大流量下均表现出较高灵敏度。采用基于惠斯通电桥的检测电路实现输出电压的测量,同时保持加热器与环境温度恒定温差200 K,对电阻自热进行补偿。传感器工作温度-100~400℃,量程为0~60 m/s;低流速下灵敏度约为12.75 V/(m·s^(-1)),分辨率可达0.001 mm/s,高流速下灵敏度约为1.4 mV/(m·s^(-1)),功耗低至1.3 mW。

力-热耦合下的MEMS传感器位置偏移自校准方法

在解决力-热耦合作用引发的微机电系统(Micro-Electro-Mechanical System,MEMS)传感器位置偏移问题时,通常运用传统遗传算法实现位置偏移自校准,受到固定参数的影响,该算法容易得到局部最优解,使得自校准后的MEMS传感器测量误差依旧较大。因此,提出一种力-热耦合下的MEMS传感器位置偏移自校准新方法。采用数据融合思想,将多批次采集的MEMS传感器测量数据汇总起来,对比与真实数据之间的差异,判断传感器是否在力-热耦合作用下偏移出工作区。引入误差相位偏移法进一步处理传感器测量数据,获取等间隔变换误差序列,解算出传感器误差模型,以此来体现传感器位置偏移变化。以传感器位置偏差最小化为目标,设定偏移自校准目标函数,并运用结合自适应调整思想的改进型遗传算法进行寻优求解,获取最优自校准参数取值。实验结果表明:以嵌入式角位移传感器为例,运用该方法完成自校准处理后,传感器的测量误差峰值保持在6″以下,有效解决了力-热耦合作用引起的传感器精度损失问题。

循环老化三元锂离子电池热失控气体毒性研究

为研究高能量密度锂离子电池循环老化过程中热失控特性变化及释放气体的毒性危害,对不同循环老化程度的三元锂离子电池进行热滥用实验,利用气体传感器阵列,基于有效剂量分数模型对热失控气体毒性危害进行定量分析。结果表明,高镍含量三元锂离子电池循环性能差,200次循环老化后,电池健康状态低于70%。老化电池更容易进入热失控状态,热失控反应更剧烈但释放能量少,释放气体燃烧效率低。在密闭空间内,电池热失控释放窒息性气体危害性比刺激性气体更高,150次循环老化电池的窒息性气体毒性累积效应比新鲜电池早638 s达到临界值1。随老化程度增加,最终电池的刺激性气体毒性即时效应与气体致死毒性即时效应降低,与新鲜电池相比,100次循环老化后,电池的刺激性气体毒性即时效应降低0.34,气体致死毒性即时效应降低0.19。研究结果可为老化电池安全性评估及热失控预警提供数据支撑。

基于温度传感器的通信电源热管理策略研究

文章概述温度传感器的发展现状,分析通信电源热管理当前面临的挑战与需求。通过比较不同类型温度传感器的性能,优化传感器的选择与布局设计,并构建高效的数据采集与处理系统。详细阐述通信电源热管理系统的架构设计、监测预警机制及热管理策略的制定,提出热管理策略的具体实施步骤,强调软硬件协同工作的重要性,并讨论系统的维护与调整方法。

近地轨道高精度一体式星敏感器热设计及仿真验证

某型高精度一体式星敏感器指向精度高,对温度变化非常敏感。其所处近地轨道外热流复杂多变,一体式结构和内热源集中的综合因素不仅导致散热设计困难,而且镜头直接受到内热源发热影响难以保障指向精度。首先,结合轨道参数,安装布局获得星敏感器平均吸收外热流。然后,通过分析外热流与内热源工作情况,采用被动热控和主动热控相结合的热设计方法,并对星敏感器散热面的位置与大小进行设计与计算。最后,根据轨道环境和热控措施并利用热仿真软件进行热分析验证。仿真结果表明,安装法兰温度为19.82℃~20.10℃,镜头轴向温差小于2.23℃,周向温差小于0.48℃,电路盒温度为19.10℃~23.49℃,满足热控指标。通过合理的热控设计保证了极高精度星敏感器的稳定工作条件,星敏感器的热设计合理有效。

三维碳气凝胶材料的制备与应用研究进展

依据碳气凝胶制备原料的不同对其进行了分类,主要分为石墨基碳气凝胶、有机碳气凝胶和杂化碳气凝胶三大类.介绍了三维碳气凝胶的常用制备方法,主要包括溶胶–凝胶法、水热法、化学气相沉积法和冰模板法,简述了每种制备方法的优缺点,并分析了不同制备工艺对碳气凝胶材料结构和性能的影响.概述了碳气凝胶材料在吸油、储能、隔热、催化、吸波、光热转化和柔性传感器等领域的应用.碳气凝胶材料质轻、比表面积大、吸附容量高等优点,使其优于传统吸油材料;高导电性以及电化学性能稳定,可被用作超级电容器电极材料、燃料电池催化剂、催化剂载体材料和柔性传感器;超低的导热系数,使其具有优异的隔热性能;较高的阻抗匹配特性,使其能够作为高效的电磁吸波材料;宽的光吸收范围,使其在光热转化应用中具有良好的前景.分析了目前碳气凝胶材料制备和应用领域所存在的问题,基于此展望了其未来的发展趋势和方向,包括开发低成本、可再生的环境友好的前驱体材料,优化碳气凝胶制备工艺,缩短生产周期以及拓宽其高端应用领域.

基于组合热流模拟策略的遥感卫星热平衡试验设计与验证

针对某型遥感卫星的不同区域对高精度热流模拟的需求,文章提出一种组合热流模拟策略:以红外加热笼来实现卫星舱板表面的外热流模拟,用薄膜电加热器实现卫星外露复杂表面外热流模拟。试验结果表明,在文述参试卫星状态及所采取的热设计措施下,该方法可对卫星低温初期、高温末期和高温热真空工况下的外热流进行精准模拟,并可有效考核遥感卫星的热控设计。该热流模拟策略可为卫星瞬态功耗散热设计的优化提供参考依据,为我国未来光学遥感卫星的热平衡试验及验证提供技术支撑。