Nonreciprocity of energy transfer in a nonlinear asymmetric oscillator system with various vibration states

The nonreciprocity of energy transfer is constructed in a nonlinear asymmetric oscillator system that comprises two nonlinear oscillators with different parameters placed between two identical linear oscillators.The slow-flow equation of the system is derived by the complexification-averaging method.The semi-analytical solutions to this equation are obtained by the least squares method,which are compared with the numerical solutions obtained by the Runge-Kutta method.The distribution of the average energy in the system is studied under periodic and chaotic vibration states,and the energy transfer along two opposite directions is compared.The effect of the excitation amplitude on the nonreciprocity of the system producing the periodic responses is analyzed,where a three-stage energy transfer phenomenon is observed.In the first stage,the energy transfer along the two opposite directions is approximately equal,whereas in the second stage,the asymmetric energy transfer is observed.The energy transfer is also asymmetric in the third stage,but the direction is reversed compared with the second stage.Moreover,the excitation amplitude for exciting the bifurcation also shows an asymmetric characteristic.Chaotic vibrations are generated around the resonant frequency,irrespective of which linear oscillator is excited.The excitation threshold of these chaotic vibrations is dependent on the linear oscillator that is being excited.In addition,the difference between the energy transfer in the two opposite directions is used to further analyze the nonreciprocity in the system.The results show that the nonreciprocity significantly depends on the excitation frequency and the excitation amplitude.

Nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials:Methods and applications

Nonreciprocity of thermal metamaterials has significant application prospects in isolation protection,unidirectional transmission,and energy harvesting.However,due to the inherent isotropic diffusion law of heat flow,it is extremely difficult to achieve nonreciprocity of heat transfer.This review presents the recent developments in thermal nonreciprocity and explores the fundamental theories,which underpin the design of nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials,i.e.,the Onsager reciprocity theorem.Next,three methods for achieving nonreciprocal metamaterials in the thermal field are elucidated,namely,nonlinearity,spatiotemporal modulation,and angular momentum bias,and the applications of nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials are outlined.We also discuss nonreciprocal thermal radiation.Moreover,the potential applications of nonreciprocity to other Laplacian physical fields are discussed.Finally,the prospects for advancing nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials are highlighted,including developments in device design and manufacturing techniques and machine learning-assisted material design.

Nonreciprocal transport in the superconducting state of the chiral crystal NbGe_(2)

Due to the lack of inversion,mirror or other roto-inversion symmetries,chiral crystals possess a well-defined handedness which,when combined with time-reversal symmetry breaking from the application of magnetic fields,can give rise to directional dichroism of the electrical transport phenomena via the magnetochiral anisotropy.In this study,we investigate the nonreciprocal magneto-transport in microdevices of NbGe_(2),a superconductor with structural chirality.A giant nonreciprocal signal from vortex motions is observed during the superconducting transition,with the ratio of nonreciprocal resistance to the normal resistanceγreaching 6×10^(5)T^(-1)·A^(-1).Interestingly,the intensity can be adjusted and even sign-reversed by varying the current,the temperature,and the crystalline orientation.Our findings illustrate intricate vortex dynamics and offer ways of manipulation on the rectification effect in superconductors with structural chirality.

Breaking the optical efficiency limit of virtual reality with a nonreciprocal polarization rotator

A catadioptric lens structure,also known as pancake lens,has been widely used in virtual reality(VR)displays to reduce the formfactor.However,the utilization of a half mirror(HM)to fold the optical path thrice leads to a significant optical loss.The theoretical maximum optical efficiency is merely 25%.To transcend this optical efficiency constraint while retaining the foldable characteristic inherent to traditional pancake optics,in this paper,we propose a theoretically lossless folded optical system to replace the HM with a nonreciprocal polarization rotator.In our feasibility demonstration experiment,we used a commercial Faraday rotator(FR)and reflective polarizers to replace the lossy HM.The theoretically predicted 100%efficiency can be achieved approximately by using two high-extinction-ratio reflective polarizers.In addition,we evaluated the ghost images using a micro-OLED panel in our imaging system.Indeed,the ghost images can be suppressed to undetectable level if the optics are with antireflection coating.Our novel pancake optical system holds great potential for revolutionizing next-generation VR displays with lightweight,compact formfactor,and low power consumption.

The Analysis of Thermal-Induced Phase Transformation and Microstructural Evolution in Ni-Ti Based Shape Memory Alloys By Molecular Dynamics

Shape memory alloys has been widely applied on actuators and medical devices.The transformation temperature and microstructural evolution play two crucial factors and dominate the behavior of shape memory alloys.In order to understand the influence of the composition of the Ni-Ti alloys on the two factors,molecular dynamics was adopted to simulate the temperature-induced phase transformation.The results were post-processed by the martensite variant identification method.The method allows to reveal the detailed microstructural evolution of variants/phases in each case of the composition of Ni-Ti.Many features were found and having good agreement with those reported in the literature,such as the well-known Rank-2 herringbone structures;the X-interface;Ni-rich alloys have lower transformation temperature than Ti-rich alloys.In addition,some new features were also discovered.For example,the Ti-rich alloys enabled an easier martensitic transformation;the nucleated martensite pattern determined the microstructural evolution path,which also changed the atomic volume and temperature curves.The results generated in the current study are expected to provide the design guidelines for the applications of shape memory alloys.

Optical nonreciprocity in a piezo-optomechanical system

We theoretically study the optical nonreciprocity in a piezo-optomechanical microdisk resonator,in which the cavity modes and the mechanical mode are optically pumped and piezoelectrically driven,respectively.For asymmetric optical pumping and different piezoelectrical drivings,our system shows some nonreciprocal optical responses.We find that our system can function as an optical isolator,a nonreciprocal amplifier,or a nonreciprocal phase shifter.

Nonreciprocal negative refraction in a dense hot atomic medium

We investigate the electromagnetic properties of a four-level dense atomic gas medium with Doppler effect.It is shown that the relative permittivity and relative permeability of the medium can be negative simultaneously with low absorption in the same detuning interval on account of electromagnetically induced transparency.Furthermore,with the suitable parameters,the nonreciprocal negative refraction can be obtained due to the Doppler effect,and the nonreciprocity frequency band can be regulated by adjusting the temperature,the intensity of the control field and the atomic density in this hot atomic medium.

Nonreciprocal wide-angle bidirectional absorber based on one-dimensional magnetized gyromagnetic photonic crystals

We propose magnetized gyromagnetic photonic crystals(MGPCs)composed of indium antimonide(InSb)and yttrium iron garnet ferrite(YIGF)layers,which possess the properties of nonreciprocal wide-angle bidirectional absorption.Periodical defects in the MGPCs work as filters.Absorption bands(ABs)for the positive and negative propagations arise from the optical Tamm state and resonance in cavities respectively,and they prove to share no overlaps in the studied frequency range.Givenω=2.0138 THz,for the positive propagation,the ABs in the high-frequency range are localized in the interval between 0.66ωand 0.88ω.In the angular range,the ABs for the TE and TM waves reach 60°and 51°,separately.For the negative propagation,the ABs in the low-frequency range are localized in the interval between 0.13ωand 0.3ω.The AB s extend to 60°for the TE waves and 80.4°for the TM waves.There also exists a narrow frequency band in a lower frequency range.The relevant factors,which include the external temperature,the magnetic fields applied to the YIGF,the refractive index of the impedance matching layer,and the defect thickness,are adjusted to investigate the effects on the ABs.All the numerical simulations are based on the transfer matrix method.This work provides an approach to designs of isolators and so on.

Angular insensitive nonreciprocal ultrawide band absorption in plasma-embedded photonic crystals designed with improved particle swarm optimization algorithm

Using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm(IPSO)to drive a transfer matrix method,a nonreciprocal absorber with an ultrawide absorption bandwidth and angular insensitivity is realized in plasma-embedded photonic crystals arranged in a structure composed of periodic and quasi-periodic sequences on a normalized scale.The effective dielectric function,which determines the absorption of the plasma,is subject to the basic parameters of the plasma,causing the absorption of the proposed absorber to be easily modulated by these parameters.Compared with other quasi-periodic sequences,the Octonacci sequence is superior both in relative bandwidth and absolute bandwidth.Under further optimization using IPSO with 14 parameters set to be optimized,the absorption characteristics of the proposed structure with different numbers of layers of the smallest structure unit N are shown and discussed.IPSO is also used to address angular insensitive nonreciprocal ultrawide bandwidth absorption,and the optimized result shows excellent unidirectional absorbability and angular insensitivity of the proposed structure.The impacts of the sequence number of quasi-periodic sequence M and collision frequency of plasma1ν1 to absorption in the angle domain and frequency domain are investigated.Additionally,the impedance match theory and the interference field theory are introduced to express the findings of the algorithm.

基于半导体量子阱中四波混频效应的高效光学非互易

基于半导体量子阱纳米结构中的四波混频效应,提出了一种无磁光学非互易的理论方案.利用实验可得的合适参数,实现了具有高传输率的非互易传输和非互易相移.此外,将这种半导体量子阱纳米结构嵌入马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,选择适当的参数,可以实现隔离比为92.39 dB、插入损耗为0.25 dB的双端口光隔离器,以及保真度为0.9993、光子存活率为0.9518、低插入损耗的四端口光环行器.半导体介质具有更容易集成和参数可调的优势,此方案可以为基于半导体固态介质的非互易性和非互易光子器件的实现提供理论指导.

声表面波-自旋波耦合及磁声非互易性器件

声表面波是激发和控制自旋波的一种新兴手段,不仅激励效率高,而且传输长度可以达到毫米量级,通过引入磁声耦合还可以打破时空反演对称性,实现声表面波的非互易传播.本文对不同类型的磁声耦合的物理机制进行了梳理,对比了磁弹性耦合、自旋-涡度耦合(包括非磁性层注入交变自旋流和磁性材料自身的Barnett效应),以及磁-旋转耦合在不同模式的声表面波激发下的等效驱动磁场,讨论了这些等效驱动场的角度依赖性,以及相应功率吸收的频率依赖性.这为在实际应用中区分和利用各种磁声耦合机制提供了理论支持.此外,本文还介绍了利用磁声耦合实现声表面波非互易性传输的两种主流手段,包括利用手性失配效应和引入具有非互易性自旋波色散关系的磁结构,对比并讨论了它们各自的物理机制和优劣势,希望为设计和发展基于磁声耦合的固态声学隔离器、环形器提供参考.

双稳态压电超结构的超传输滞回效应与非互易编码特性

利用超结构的非线性效应能够实现新颖的振动能量传输调控现象.双稳态超结构存在非线性超传输特性,即在超结构线性化带隙内,当激励幅值超过某个临界值时,传输的振动能量将突变到很大值.文章针对含双稳态分流电路的压电超结构梁,建立了力电耦合非线性动力学数值模型,并采用伽辽金法对数值模型进行降阶处理以提升计算效率.基于上述模型研究了双稳态压电超结构的振动能量非线性传输特性,发现超结构线性局域共振带隙内的超传输特性存在滞回效应,也即向上扫幅激励和向下扫幅激励两种工况下超传输临界值不同.通过改变双稳态电路两个稳定平衡点的间距或者电路在稳定平衡点的共振强度可以移动超传输滞回区间.进一步通过在双稳态压电超结构一侧布置线性共振电路来引入系统非对称性,可使得正方向和反方向的超传输滞回区间发生偏离,利用这种非互易的超传输滞回效应可以在不同激励幅值区间实现不同模式的非互易编码.增强系统非对称性可使得正方向和反方向的超传输滞回区间偏离更加显著,故非互易编码区间具有可调性.文章极大地拓展了超材料的非互易模式,正方向和反方向能量传输性能不再局限于传统超材料固定的“传输”或“非传输”状态,通过合适的非互易编码设计可以实现弹性信息的单向传输功能.

Effects of cross-Kerr coupling on transmission spectrum of double-cavity optomechanical system

We theoretically study the transmission spectrum of the cavity field in a double-cavity optomechanical system with cross-Kerr(CK) effect. The system consists of two tunneling coupling optomechanical cavities with a mechanical resonator as a coupling interface. By doping CK medium into the mechanical resonator, CK couplings between the cavity fields and the mechanical resonator are introduced. We investigate the effects of CK coupling strength on the transmission spectrum of the cavity field, including the transmission rate, nonreciprocity and four-wave mixing(FWM). We find that the transmission spectrum of the probe field can show two obvious transparent windows, which can be widened by increasing the CK coupling strength. For the transmission between the two cavity fields, the perfect nonreciprocity and reciprocity are present and modulated by CK coupling and phase difference between two effective optomechanical couplings. In addition, the effects of the optomechanical and CK couplings on FWM show that the single peak of FWM is split into three symmetrical peaks due to the introduction of the CK effect.

Dynamical switchable quantum nonreciprocity induced by off-resonant chiral two-photon driving

Optical nonreciprocity,which refers to the direction-dependent emission,scattering and absorption of photons,plays a very important role in quantum engineering and quantum information processing.Here,we propose an all-optical approach to achieve the optical dynamical switchable quantum nonreciprocity by an off-resonant chiral two-photon driving in a single microring cavity,which differs from the conventional nonreciprocal schemes.It is shown that the optical field with time-dependent statistical properties can be generated and the nonreciprocity flips periodically,with switchable photon blockade and photon-induced tunneling effects.We find that the dynamical system is robust and immune to the parameter variations,which loosens the parameter range of system.Meanwhile,the time window for one-way quantum information is sufficiently wide and tunable.Our work opens a new idea for the current quantum nonreciprocal research,which can facilitate a memory functionality and be used for future inmemory superconducting quantum compute.The other nonreciprocal quantum devices,i.e.,dynamical switchable nonreciprocal squeezing and entanglement,may be inspired by our method,which is expected to have important applications in future quantum technology.

Design of quasi-zero-stiffness elastic diodes for low-frequency nonreciprocity through machine learning

Elastic diodes with nonreciprocity have the potential to enable unidirectional modulation of elastic waves.However,it is a challenge to achieve nonreciprocity at low frequencies(<100 Hz)using existing elastic diodes.This paper proposes a quasizero-stiffness(QZS)elastic diode to resolve such a tough issue and fulfill high-quality low-frequency nonreciprocity.The proposed elastic diode is invented by combining a QZS locally resonant metamaterial with a linear one,where the beneficial nonlinearity of the QZS metamaterial facilitates opening an amplitude-dependent band gap at very low frequencies.Firstly,the dispersion relation of the QZS metamaterial is derived theoretically based on the harmonic balance method(HBM).Then,the transmissibility of the QZS elastic diode in both the forward and backward directions is calculated through theoretical analyses and numerical simulations.Additionally,the influences of system parameters on the low-frequency nonreciprocal effect are discussed.The results indicate that considerable nonreciprocity is observed at a quite low frequency(e.g.,9 Hz),which is achieved by amplitude-dependent local resonance combined with interface reflection.Finally,a machine learning-based design optimization is introduced to evaluate and enhance the nonreciprocal effect of the QZS elastic diode.With the aid of machine learning(ML),the computational cost of predicting nonreciprocal effects during design optimization can be significantly reduced.Through design optimization,the nonreciprocal frequency bandwidth can be broadened while maintaining considerable isolation quality at low frequencies.

非互易拓扑光子学

拓扑光子学的提出与发展为从根本物理原理上解决传统光学器件易受干扰的问题提供了新思路,基于拓扑保护的新型鲁棒光场调控极大地提高了光学器件的传输效率和稳健性.其中,基于时间反演对称性破缺的非互易拓扑光子学及其手性拓扑态是拓扑光子学的重要分支,其拓扑特性由非零陈数或陈矢量表征,表现出超越互易拓扑光子学的严格拓扑保护鲁棒性.本综述将重点介绍非互易拓扑光子学在探索新奇物理现象(手性/反手性边界态、反常非互易拓扑边界态、三维光学陈绝缘体、磁性外尔光子晶体等)和构建非互易鲁棒拓扑光学器件(单向光波导、宽带慢光延迟线、任意形状拓扑激光器、大轨道角动量相干光源等)等方面取得的显著成果.最后对非互易拓扑光子学的发展现状、潜在挑战以及可能取得的突破进行了展望.

Unleashing the Potential of Unidirectional Mechanical Materials: Breakthroughs and Promising Applications

The emergence of mechanically one-way materials presents an exciting opportunity for materials science and engineering. These substances exhibit unique nonreciprocal mechanical responses, enabling them to selectively channel mechanical energy and facilitate directed sound propagation, controlled mass transport, and concentration of mechanical energy amidst random motion. This article explores the fundamentals of mechanically one-way materials, their potential applications across various industries, and the economic and environmental considerations related to their production and use.

三能级原子-光力腔耦合非互易传输研究

文章利用三能级原子与光力腔耦合系统中的光力相互作用,以及光与原子的相互作用,提出一种可实现非互易传输的方案,同时分析了有效光力耦合强度和原子–腔模耦合强度对非互易传输和隔离度的影响.结果表明:通过适当调节有效光力耦合强度和原子–腔模耦合强度,可以调控光学光子的传输特性,且隔离度的峰值和线宽随着2种耦合强度的增加而增加.研究结果可为光学环形器、隔离器等非互易器件的研发提供参考.

回音壁共振器与三能级原子耦合系统的非互易透射

基于回音壁共振器与三能级原子的耦合系统,实现了一种可控的非互易透射.研究表明:光力耦合能够诱导光子的非互易透射;通过改变光模与机械模的有效光力耦合强度G_(2)、光模与三能级原子的耦合强度g及Rabi频率Ω_(R),可以实现对非互易透射带的位置与数量的控制;调整耦合强度g和Rabi频率Ω_(R)可以显著地改变隔离比In的大小.研究结果可为回音壁共振器在非互易光学器件上的应用提供理论借鉴.

The optical nonreciprocal response based on a four-mode optomechanical system

We propose a scheme for realizing the optical nonreciprocal response based a four-mode optomechanical system,consisting of two charged mechanical modes and two linearly coupled optical modes. Two charged mechanical modes are coupled by Coulomb interaction, and two optical modes are coupled to one of mechanical modes by radiation pressure. We numerically evaluate the transmission probability of the probe field to obtain the optimum optical nonreciprocal response parameters. Also, we show that the optical nonreciprocal response is caused by the quantum interference between the optomechanical couplings and the linearly coupled interaction that breaks the time-reversal symmetry.