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Large-scale characteristics of thermokarst lakes across the source area of the Yellow River on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 被引量:1
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作者 LIU Wen-hui ZHOU Guang-hao +5 位作者 LIU Hai-rui LI Qing-peng XIE Chang-wei LI Qing ZHAO Jian-yun ZHANG Qi 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第6期1589-1604,共16页
As significant evidence of permafrost degradation,thermokarst lakes play an important role in the permafrost regions by regulating hydrology,ecology,and biogeochemistry.In the Sources Area of the Yellow River(SAYR),pe... As significant evidence of permafrost degradation,thermokarst lakes play an important role in the permafrost regions by regulating hydrology,ecology,and biogeochemistry.In the Sources Area of the Yellow River(SAYR),permafrost degradation has accelerated since the 1980s,and numerous thermokarst lakes have been discovered.In this paper,we use Sentinel-2 images to extract thermokarst lake boundaries and perform a regional-scale study on their geometry across the permafrost region in the SAYR.We also explored the spatiotemporal variations and potential drivers from the perspectives of the permafrost,climate,terrain and vegetation conditions.The results showed that there were 47,518 thermokarst lakes in 2021 with a total area of 190.22×106 m^(2),with an average size of 4,003.3 m^(2).The 44,928 ponds(≤10,000 m^(2))predominated the whole lake number(94.1%)but contributed to a small portion of the total lake area(28.8%).With 2,590 features(5.9%),small-sized(10,000 to 100,000 m^(2))and large-sized lakes(>100,000 m^(2))constituted up to 71.2%of the total lake area.Thermokarst lakes developed more significantly in warm permafrost regions than in cold permafrost areas;74.1%of lakes with a total area of 119.6×106 m^(2)(62.9%),were distributed in warm permafrost regions.Most thermokarst lakes were likely to develop within the elevation range of 4,500~4,800 m,on flat terrain(slope<10°),on SE and S aspects and in alpine meadow areas.The thermokarst lakes in the study region experienced significant shrinkage between 1990 and 2021,characterized by obvious lake drainage;the lake numbers decreased by 5418(56.1%),with a decreasing area of 58.63×106 m^(2)(49.0%).This shrinkage of the thermokarst lake area was attributable mainly to the intensified degradation of rich-ice permafrost thawing arising from continued climate warming,despite the wetting climatic trend. 展开更多
关键词 thermokarst lake Spatial characteristic Influencing factor Source area of the Yellow River
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Modeled response of talik development under thermokarst lakes to permafrost thickness on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 被引量:3
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作者 Feng Ling QingBai Wu +1 位作者 FuJun Niu TingJun Zhang 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2014年第6期521-530,共10页
Permafrost thickness under identical climates in cold regions can vary significantly because it is severely affected by climate change, topography, soil physical and thermal properties, and geothermal conditions. This... Permafrost thickness under identical climates in cold regions can vary significantly because it is severely affected by climate change, topography, soil physical and thermal properties, and geothermal conditions. This study numerically in- vestigates the response of ground thermal regime and talik development processes to permafrost with different thicknesses under a thermokarst lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. On the basis of observed data and information from a representative monitored lake in the Beiluhe Basin, we used a heat transfer model with phase change under a cylindrical coordinate system to conduct three simulation cases with permafrost thicknesses of 45 m, 60 m, and 75 m, respectively. The simulated results indicate that increases in permafrost thickness not only strongly retarded the open talik formation time, but also delayed the permafrost lateral thaw process after the formation of open talik. Increasing the permafrost thickness by 33.3% and 66.7% led to open talik formation time increases of 83.66% and 207.43%, respectively, and resulted in increases in the lateral thaw duration of permafrost under the modeled thermokarst lake by 28.86% and 46.54%, respectively, after the formation of the open taliks. 展开更多
关键词 permafrost thickness thermokarst lakes talik development lateral thaw modeling
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Dating of two thermokarst lakes in Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 被引量:1
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作者 ZhanJu Lin FuJun Niu +2 位作者 Jing Luo MingHao Liu GuoAn Yin 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2014年第5期504-510,共7页
Most of the thermokarst lakes are spread appreciably in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,where ice-rich permafrost exists.Two typical thermokarst lakes with differing area and depth were examined to ascertain... Most of the thermokarst lakes are spread appreciably in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,where ice-rich permafrost exists.Two typical thermokarst lakes with differing area and depth were examined to ascertain their age.We obtained lake-bottom samples of 50 cm length from lake BLH-A and 25 cm length from lake BLH-B.Environmental 137 Cs and 210 Pb and radiocarbon age dating techniques were applied to the 50 cm and 25 cm samples,respectively.The results indicate that the initiation of BLH-A is about 800-900 a B.P.,and approximately 1,450±30 a B.P.to 2,230±30 a B.P.for BLH-B.These results will provide scientific bases for sedimentological study and thermokarst activity in Beiluhe Basin. 展开更多
关键词 DATING radiocarbon thermokarst lake Beiluhe Basin Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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Advances in thermokarst lake research in permafrost regions
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作者 FuJun Niu GuoDong Cheng +1 位作者 Jing Luo ZhanJu Lin 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2014年第4期388-397,共10页
A thermokarst lake is defined as a lake occupying a closed depression formed by ground settlement following thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice. As it is the most visible morphologic landscape... A thermokarst lake is defined as a lake occupying a closed depression formed by ground settlement following thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice. As it is the most visible morphologic landscape developed during the process of permafrost degradation, we reviewed recent literature on thermokarst studies, and summarized the main study topics as: development and temporal evolution, carbon release, and ecological and engineering influence of thermokarst lakes. The climate warming, forest fires, surface water pooling, geotectonic fault and anthropogenic activity are the main influencing factors that cause an increase of ground temperatures and melting of ice-rich permafrost, resulting in thermokarst lake formation. Normally a thermokarst lake develops in 3–5 stages from initiation to permafrost recovery. Geo-rectified aerial photographs and remote sensing images show that thermokarst lakes have been mainly experiencing the process of shrinkage or disappearance in most regions of the Arctic, while both lake numbers and areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have increased. Field studies and modeling indicates that carbon release from thermokarst lakes can feedback significantly to global warming, thus enhancing our understanding of the influences of thermokarst lakes on the ecological environment, and on regional groundwater through drainage. Based on field monitoring and numerical simulations, infrastructure stability can be affected by thermal erosion of nearby thermokarst lakes. This review was undertaken to enhance our understanding of thermokarst lakes, and providing references for future comprehensive studies on thermokarst lakes. 展开更多
关键词 thermokarst lake PERMAFROST ground ice ENVIRONMENT engineering influence
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Thermokarst Lake Changes in the Southern Fringe of Siberian Permafrost Region in Mongolia Using Corona, Landsat, and ALOS Satellite Imagery from 1962 to 2007
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作者 Adiya Saruulzaya Mamoru Ishikawa Yamkhin Jambaljav 《Advances in Remote Sensing》 2016年第4期215-231,共17页
This study presents thermokarst lake changes at seven different sites in the continuous and isolated permafrost zones in Mongolia. Lakes larger than 0.1 ha were analyzed using Corona KH-4, KH-4A and KH-4B (1962-1968),... This study presents thermokarst lake changes at seven different sites in the continuous and isolated permafrost zones in Mongolia. Lakes larger than 0.1 ha were analyzed using Corona KH-4, KH-4A and KH-4B (1962-1968), Landsat ETM + (1999-2001), and ALOS/AVNIR-2 (2006-2007) satellite imagery. Between 1962 and 2007, the total number and area of lakes increased by +21% (347 to 420), and +7% (3680 ha to 3936 ha) in the continuous permafrost zone, respectively. These changes correspond to the appearance of 85 new lakes (166 ha) during the last 45 years. In contrast, lakes in the isolated permafrost zone have decreased by –42% (118 to 68) in number and –12% (422 ha to 371 ha) in area from 1962 to 2007. The changes in lake area and number are likely attributed to shifts in climate regimes and local permafrost conditions. Since 1962, the mean annual air temperature and potential evapotranspiration have increased significantly in the northern continuous permafrost zone compared to the southern isolated permafrost zone. Due to ongoing atmospheric warming without any significant trend in annual precipitation, patches of ice-rich subsurface have thawed, and the number and area of lakes have accordingly developed in the continuous permafrost zone. Shrinking of thermokarst lakes in the isolated permafrost zone may be due to disappearing permafrost, deepening of the active layer, and increased water loss through surface evaporation and subsurface drainage. 展开更多
关键词 thermokarst lake Siberian Permafrost Region Mongolia CORONA LANDSAT ALOS
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Evaluation of the energy budget of thermokarst lake in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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作者 Ze-Yong GAO Fu-Jun NIU +4 位作者 Yi-Bo WANG Jing LUO Guo-An YIN Yun-Hu SHANG Zhan-Ju LIN 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期636-646,共11页
Thermokarst lake formation accelerates permafrost degradation due to climate warming,thereby releasing significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere,complicating hydrological cycles,and causing environmental damag... Thermokarst lake formation accelerates permafrost degradation due to climate warming,thereby releasing significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere,complicating hydrological cycles,and causing environmental damage.However,the energy transfer mechanism from the surface to the sediment of thermokarst lakes remains largely unexplored,thereby limiting our understanding of the magnitude and duration of biogeochemical processes and hydrological cycles.Therefore,herein,a typical thermokarst lake situated in the center of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)was selected for observation and energy budget modeling.Our results showed that the net radiation of the thermokarst lake surface was 95.1,156.9,and 32.3 W m^(-2) for the annual,ice-free,and ice-covered periods,respectively,and was approximately 76%of the net radiation consumed by latent heat flux.Alternations in heat storage in the thermokarst lake initially increased from January to April,then decreased from April to December,with a maximum change of 48.1 W m^(-2) in April.The annual average heat fuxes from lake water to sediments were 1.4 W m^(-2);higher heat fluxes occurred during the ice-free season at a range of 4.9-12.0 W m^(-2).The imbalance between heat absorption and release in the millennium scale caused the underlying permafrost of the thermokarst lake to completely thaw.At present,the ground temperature beneath the lake bottom at a depth of 15 m has reached 2.0℃.The temperatures and vapor-pressure conditions of air and lake surfaces control the energy budget of the thermokarst lake.Our findings indicate that changes in the hydrologic regime shifts and biogeochemical processes are more frequent under climate warming and permafrost degradation. 展开更多
关键词 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau thermokarst lake Energy budget Permafrost degradation Hydrological cycle
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The first 10 m resolution thermokarst lake and pond dataset for the Lena Basin in the 2020 thawing season
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作者 Yining Yu Fengming Hui +2 位作者 Yu Zhou Chong Liu Xiao Cheng 《Big Earth Data》 EI CSCD 2024年第2期302-332,共31页
Climate warming rates in the Arctic are far greater than the global average,exerting stronger impacts on permafrost degradation and thermokarst landform development.Thermokarst lakes and ponds(TLPs),which are widely d... Climate warming rates in the Arctic are far greater than the global average,exerting stronger impacts on permafrost degradation and thermokarst landform development.Thermokarst lakes and ponds(TLPs),which are widely distributed in the Lena Basin in the Russian Arctic,play a vital role in altering local ecosystem.However,the detailed distribution of TLPs in the Lena Basin still remains poorly known.In this study,we built the first 10 m resolution TLP dataset for the Lena Basin in the 2020 thawing season by utilizing 4902 Sentinel-2 images.A robust mapping workflow was developed and implemented in the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.The accu-racy assessment demonstrates a satisfactory accuracy(93.63%),and our results exhibit a better consistency with real TLPs than global water body products.A total of 380,477 TLPs(~0.53%of the total surface area of the Lena Basin)were identified,showing an uneven distribution in the five sub-basins.The TLPs were found to be mainly located within plain areas,with an active layer thickness in the range of 80-100 cm.The higher ground ice content and mean annual ground temperature were favorable for TLP development.This dataset will be valuable for investigating the complex interac-tion between TLPs and permafrost.It will also serve as a baseline product for better incorporating thermokarst processes into perma-frostclimate models. 展开更多
关键词 thermokarst lakes and ponds Lena Basin PERMAFROST GEE Sentinel-2
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Effect of a thermokarst lake on soil physical properties and infiltration processes in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China 被引量:8
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作者 WANG YiBo GAO ZeYong +3 位作者 WEN Jing LIU GuoHua GENG Di LI XiaoBing 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第10期2357-2365,共9页
Changes in the hydrological processes in alpine soil constitute one of the several key problems encountered with studying watershed hydrology and ecosystem stability against the background of global warming. A typical... Changes in the hydrological processes in alpine soil constitute one of the several key problems encountered with studying watershed hydrology and ecosystem stability against the background of global warming. A typically developing thermokarst lake was chosen as a subject for a study using model simulation based on observations of soil physical properties, infiltration processes, and soil moisture. The results showed that the selected thermokarst lake imposed certain changes on the soil infiltration processes and, with the degree of impact intensifying, the initial infiltration rate decreased. The greatest reduction was achieved in the area of moderate impact. However, the stable infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration gradually increased in the surface layer at a depth of 10 and 20 cm, both decreasing initially and then increasing, which is correlated significantly with soil textures. Moreover, the cumulative infiltration changed in line with steady infiltration rate. Based on a comparative analysis, the Horton model helps better understand the effect on the soil infiltration processes of the cold alpine meadow close to the chosen thermokarst lake. In conclusion, the formation of the thermokarst lake reduced the water holding capacity of the alpine meadow soil and caused the hydraulic conductivity to increase, resulting in the reduction of runoff capacity in the area of the thermokarst lake. 展开更多
关键词 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau thermokarst lake soil infiltration SIMULATION
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Thermokarst lake changes between 1969 and 2010 in the Beilu River Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China 被引量:7
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作者 罗京 牛富俊 +2 位作者 林战举 刘明浩 尹国安 《Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第5期556-564,共9页
This work presents changes of thermokarst lakes from Beilu River Basin on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over the past four decades (1969-2010) using aerial and satellite image interpretation. The results indicated that ... This work presents changes of thermokarst lakes from Beilu River Basin on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over the past four decades (1969-2010) using aerial and satellite image interpretation. The results indicated that thermokarst lake activity had generally increased rapidly between 1969 and 2010. The number of thermokarst lakes had increased by approximately 534, and their coverage expanded by about 410 ha. The two main changes observed were an increase in the number of small lakes and the expansion of larger lakes. These changes are likely the result of persistent climate warming and a gradually increasing imbalance between precipitation and evapotranspiration (PET). However, some non-climatic factors, such as the lake-bottom substrate and local engineering activities, have also influenced the lake changes. If air temperature and P-ET continue to rise, the number of thermokarst lakes and the area they cover may continue to increase in the future. 展开更多
关键词 PERMAFROST thermokarst lakes Remote sensing Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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Thermal effect of thermokarst lake on the permafrost under embankment 被引量:4
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作者 PENG Er-Xing SHENG Yu +2 位作者 HU Xiao-Ying WU Ji-Chun CAO Wei 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第1期76-82,共7页
In permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,road disaster caused by permafrost degradation cannot be ignored.As a common thermal disaster in permafrost regions,thermokarst lake has serious thermal erosion on pe... In permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,road disaster caused by permafrost degradation cannot be ignored.As a common thermal disaster in permafrost regions,thermokarst lake has serious thermal erosion on permafrost and results in permafrost degradation aggravating.This study focused on two subgrade cross-sections of Gonghe-Yushu Highway in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to analyze thermal effect of thermokarst lake on the permafrost under embankment.The analysis infers that thermokarst lake can transfer heat to permafrost under the embankment,as a heat resource,and the heat flux decreases with the distance away from thermokarst lake in horizontal and vertical direction.Thermokarst lake can cause average ground temperature of permafrost under the embankment increasing,and with less distance from the thermokarst lake the temperature increases more severely.Thermokarst lake results in 14 m thickness melting interlayer in soil under lake and change shape of melting area. 展开更多
关键词 thermokarst lake PERMAFROST Ground temperature Heat budget
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北极地区热融湖塘甲烷排放特征及影响因素
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作者 刘治银 张玉兰 +2 位作者 康世昌 付佳星 高坛光 《冰川冻土》 CSCD 2024年第2期457-474,共18页
北极地区显著升温导致多年冻土快速退化,进而发育形成大量热融湖塘,是温室气体排放热点。通过对1992—2023年2月北极热融湖塘甲烷(CH_(4))研究结果的整合梳理,本研究系统揭示了北极地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放特征、热融湖塘的CH_(4)循环过... 北极地区显著升温导致多年冻土快速退化,进而发育形成大量热融湖塘,是温室气体排放热点。通过对1992—2023年2月北极热融湖塘甲烷(CH_(4))研究结果的整合梳理,本研究系统揭示了北极地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放特征、热融湖塘的CH_(4)循环过程以及微生物机制。结果显示:北极地区CH_(4)年平均排放通量约为(7.78±19.60)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1),不同区域存在显著差异,高排放区出现在东西伯利亚和阿拉斯加地区[(23.40±26.50)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1);(11.00±26.40)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1)]。冒泡排放是北极热融湖塘CH_(4)排放的主导途径,年排放通量约为(13.80±28.60)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1),占比可达52.02%。湖塘沉积物类型对热融湖塘CH_(4)排放具有重要影响,叶叨码冻土区的排放为(17.90±32.90)g CH_(4)·m^(-2)·a^(-1),是非叶叨码冻土区的3.24倍。同时,泥炭地热融湖塘CH_(4)的主要排放途径及变化存在一定的不确定性,其对气温升高的响应可能略不同于其他湖泊,对气候变化具有高度敏感性。热融湖塘扩张与排水的变化趋势以及CH_(4)产生过程与氧化过程对热融湖塘的CH_(4)排放潜力同样具有重要影响。目前,北极地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放的系观测仍然存在诸多空白,尤其缺乏多种排放途径的联合观测,对CH_(4)微生物过程认识不足。该研究能够进一步加深对北极地区热融湖塘排放特征及具体排放机制的认识,为评估该地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放潜力及其对气候变化的影响提供科学参考。 展开更多
关键词 热融湖塘 甲烷 北极 多年冻土 气候变化
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多年冻土区热融湖塘演化及其环境效应研究进展
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作者 张丹丹 王昱 +2 位作者 杨玉忠 周露 姚何琳 《冰川冻土》 CSCD 2024年第3期956-966,共11页
近几十年随着全球气候变暖及人类活动的增强,冻土退化趋势显著,这一过程改变了寒区的水文地质条件,从而引起一系列的生态环境变化。热融湖塘是冻土退化的产物,其形成与发展又会引起冻土环境的改变,进而对全球气候变化产生影响。因此,针... 近几十年随着全球气候变暖及人类活动的增强,冻土退化趋势显著,这一过程改变了寒区的水文地质条件,从而引起一系列的生态环境变化。热融湖塘是冻土退化的产物,其形成与发展又会引起冻土环境的改变,进而对全球气候变化产生影响。因此,针对多年冻土退化过程中日趋严重的热喀斯特现象,以及由此而产生的冻土融穿、地下水位改变、热融湖塘扩张等问题,对目前多年冻土区热融湖塘的水文变化研究现状进行分析整理。本文主要从以下五个方面展开了论述:(1)热融湖塘演化过程及主要影响因素分析;(2)热融湖塘水文过程时空变化规律及影响因素分析;(3)热融湖塘水量平衡过程研究及影响因素;(4)热融湖塘变化对区域水质的影响;(5)热融湖塘对碳循环的影响。最后,提出在后期研究中应基于同位素技术,充分考虑湖塘周边环境,并结合气候变化、多年冻土退化状况进行多因素分析,以期能为深入开展研究冻土退化背景下冻土水文过程、区域水资源演变以及对生态环境的影响提供参考依据。 展开更多
关键词 多年冻土退化 热融湖塘 水文变化 水量平衡 水化学
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温度对青藏高原热融湖塘沉积物甲烷产量的影响 被引量:1
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作者 成倬鋆 刘桂民 +8 位作者 王耀新 母梅 朱永基 董文文 牟翠翠 马鹏 李羽莹 王莉 吴晓东 《冰川冻土》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第2期548-557,共10页
气候变暖导致多年冻土退化,加快热融湖塘的形成和扩张,进而增加多年冻土区的碳释放。热融湖塘沉积物理化特征与甲烷产量有着重要关系,而这一关系的明确有助于揭示青藏高原热融湖塘甲烷释放对气候变化的响应。本研究选择青藏高原中东部8... 气候变暖导致多年冻土退化,加快热融湖塘的形成和扩张,进而增加多年冻土区的碳释放。热融湖塘沉积物理化特征与甲烷产量有着重要关系,而这一关系的明确有助于揭示青藏高原热融湖塘甲烷释放对气候变化的响应。本研究选择青藏高原中东部8个热融湖塘为研究对象,通过室内培养实验探究不同温度(5℃、10℃和15℃)下两种主要植被类型区热融湖塘甲烷产量及其与沉积物理化性质的关系。结果表明:培养周期内(50天),甲烷产量最大值出现在10℃培养条件下高寒沼泽草甸区的MD-3样品,产量高达167.63μg·g^(-1)沉积物;最小值出现在15℃培养下高寒沼泽草甸区的AD-2样品,产量为0.01μg·g^(-1)沉积物。从理化性质与甲烷产量的关系来看,热融湖塘深度和氨氮含量都与甲烷产量显著正相关(P<0.05),而pH值(7.08~8.40)与甲烷产量显著负相关(P<0.05),如玛多地区氨氮高、pH低,其热融湖塘沉积物的甲烷产量远大于安多地区。另外,温度敏感性指数Q_(10)值的分析结果表明,温度升高对61.11%的甲烷产量有促进作用,对18.06%的甲烷产量有抑制影响,说明温度是影响热融湖塘沉积物甲烷产量的重要因素。本研究分析了不同培养温度下两种主要植被类型区热融湖塘沉积物的甲烷产量差异及其影响因素,为认识热融湖塘温室气体的排放潜力及模拟提供了科学数据。 展开更多
关键词 青藏高原 多年冻土 热融湖塘 甲烷产量 温度
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北半球热融湖塘分布及其甲烷排放潜力 被引量:3
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作者 母梅 牟翠翠 +5 位作者 刘和斌 乔源 谢宇琴 张国飞 贾睿 王兴宇 《冰川冻土》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第2期535-547,共13页
热融湖塘作为多年冻土退化产生的分布最广的热喀斯特景观,是大气中甲烷(CH_(4))的重要来源。热融湖塘的形成和演化及其对全球大气CH_(4)循环的影响是气候变化研究领域的重要问题之一。本文综合阐述了北半球多年冻土区热融湖塘的演化、... 热融湖塘作为多年冻土退化产生的分布最广的热喀斯特景观,是大气中甲烷(CH_(4))的重要来源。热融湖塘的形成和演化及其对全球大气CH_(4)循环的影响是气候变化研究领域的重要问题之一。本文综合阐述了北半球多年冻土区热融湖塘的演化、分布及变化特征,揭示了热融湖塘CH_(4)的产生、氧化、排放过程及其影响因素。研究表明,环北极地区热融湖塘总面积约为1.4×10^(6)km^(2),虽然部分地区可能导致湖塘扩张或形成新的湖塘,但整体上湖塘覆盖面积呈减少趋势;青藏高原热融湖塘总面积约为2.83×10^(3)km^(2),表现为中部地区湖塘数量和面积显著增加,黄河源地区呈减少趋势。受有机质稳定性和微生物群落差异的影响,热融湖塘表层富含有机质的淤泥层及融化的深层冻土层CH_(4)产生潜力较大,但CH_(4)氧化过程极大地限制了湖塘CH_(4)的排放。目前,环北极地区热融湖塘CH_(4)排放量为1.9~6.3 Tg CH_(4)·a^(-1),但仍存在较大的不确定性。未来研究应进一步加强遥感技术,提高热融湖塘的识别精度,尤其关注热融湖塘的排水情况,为湖塘的发展预测及多年冻土碳反馈评估提供支撑。此外,还需在典型区域、监测空白或稀疏地区开展长期连续的野外监测工作,深入探究热融湖塘CH_(4)产生和氧化的影响机制。最后,未来应将底物有效性(微生物可以直接分解利用的有机质的量)、微生物特性、水热变化及植被等影响甲烷产生和排放过程的因素纳入地球化学模型中,以更好地预测和评估热融湖塘碳排放对全球气候变暖的贡献。 展开更多
关键词 多年冻土 热融湖塘 空间分布 甲烷排放
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青藏高原热融湖塘沉积物理化性质特征
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作者 成倬鋆 刘桂民 +7 位作者 王耀新 母梅 董文文 牟翠翠 马鹏 李羽莹 王莉 吴晓东 《环境科学与技术》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第2期64-71,共8页
热融湖塘是多年冻土区常见的地貌,全球气候变暖导致多年冻土退化会加快热融湖塘的形成和扩张,进而会增加多年冻土区碳的释放。热融湖塘沉积物与温室气体释放有着重要的关系,明确其沉积物碳氮含量等理化性质特征有助于认识青藏高原C、N... 热融湖塘是多年冻土区常见的地貌,全球气候变暖导致多年冻土退化会加快热融湖塘的形成和扩张,进而会增加多年冻土区碳的释放。热融湖塘沉积物与温室气体释放有着重要的关系,明确其沉积物碳氮含量等理化性质特征有助于认识青藏高原C、N循环对全球气候变化的响应。该研究选择青藏高原中东部116个热融湖塘为研究对象,采集热融湖塘沉积物样品,测定其总碳(TC)、有机碳(OC)、总氮(TN)、pH、沉积物粒径等理化性质,分析TC、OC、TN含量分布特征和各理化性质之间的关系。结果表明,TC、OC、TN含量均为高寒沼泽草甸区>高寒草甸区>高寒草原区>高寒荒漠区,沉积物粒径中粉粒加黏粒含量为高寒沼泽草甸区>高寒草原区>高寒草甸区>高寒荒漠区。研究表明:(1)沉积物TC含量为0.78~110.71 g/kg,OC含量为0.87~85.91 g/kg,TN含量为0.19~7.5 g/kg;(2)沉积物粒径与TC、OC和TN极显著相关(p<0.01);(3)热融湖塘深度与TC、OC和TN呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),表明热融湖塘越深,C、N含量越高;(4)高寒沼泽草甸区热融湖塘沉积物OC(15.37 g/kg)和氨氮(10.05 mg/kg)含量高,pH(7.99)相对较低,具有产甲烷优势。研究表明,热融湖塘沉积物性质与其所在流域的植被类型有关,植被类型是评估热融湖塘温室气体释放的重要因素。 展开更多
关键词 青藏高原 多年冻土 热融湖塘 碳氮特征 沉积物粒径
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青藏高原北麓河地区典型热融湖塘周边多年冻土特征研究 被引量:27
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作者 罗京 牛富俊 +1 位作者 林战举 鲁嘉濠 《冰川冻土》 CSCD 北大核心 2012年第5期1110-1117,共8页
青藏高原多年冻土区广泛分布着热融湖塘,热融湖塘的形成会对周边的多年冻土产生显著的影响.选取北麓河地区一典型热融湖,运用探地雷达技术对该湖塘周边的多年冻土进行了探测.结果表明:湖岸坍塌剧烈区一侧的多年冻土上限深度大于湖岸轻... 青藏高原多年冻土区广泛分布着热融湖塘,热融湖塘的形成会对周边的多年冻土产生显著的影响.选取北麓河地区一典型热融湖,运用探地雷达技术对该湖塘周边的多年冻土进行了探测.结果表明:湖岸坍塌剧烈区一侧的多年冻土上限深度大于湖岸轻微坍塌区和湖岸稳定区,并且在湖水的热作用下,湖岸多年冻土的上限深度随离湖岸距离的减小而增大;湖岸坍塌剧烈区上限附近的地下冰含量也明显高于湖岸轻微坍塌区和湖岸稳定区.同时,通过对湖岸测温孔的地温观测数据的分析可以看出,湖岸地温正在逐年升高且升高的速率快于天然状态,湖岸地温随离湖岸距离的减小逐渐增大. 展开更多
关键词 青藏高原 热融湖塘 探地雷达 多年冻土
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多年冻土区热融湖研究现状与展望 被引量:13
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作者 杨振 温智 +3 位作者 牛富俊 王大雁 俞祁浩 张明礼 《冰川冻土》 CSCD 北大核心 2013年第6期1519-1526,共8页
热融湖是多年冻土区地下冰融化形成的典型地貌单元,热融湖及其变化对多年冻土热状态、水文过程、生态环境、冻土工程稳定性等有着重要的影响.热融湖还是重要的温室气体源,与全球气候系统存在着复杂而显著的互馈过程,是气候与环境变化的... 热融湖是多年冻土区地下冰融化形成的典型地貌单元,热融湖及其变化对多年冻土热状态、水文过程、生态环境、冻土工程稳定性等有着重要的影响.热融湖还是重要的温室气体源,与全球气候系统存在着复杂而显著的互馈过程,是气候与环境变化的指示器.因此,开展热融湖的相关研究是近年来冻土学研究的热点之一.通过文献综述,从以下方面评述了热融湖研究的现状与进展:1)热融湖形态特征及其演化过程;2)热融湖热状况及其热效应研究;3)热融湖和多年冻土区土壤-植被生态系统的相互作用研究;4)热融湖对大气中温室气体的贡献.最后,讨论了该领域目前面临的主要问题,提出了应在热融湖演化的基础理论、动态变化过程的预测、热融湖的冻土水文效应、区域尺度热融湖与冻土、生态、水文和气候耦合过程的综合等方面进一步开展研究,为定量预测和评价冻土区热融湖环境工程效应,应发展不同尺度的计算模型. 展开更多
关键词 多年冻土 热融湖 研究现状 展望
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青藏工程走廊典型热融灾害现象及其热影响研究 被引量:13
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作者 罗京 牛富俊 +2 位作者 林战举 刘明浩 尹国安 《工程地质学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2014年第2期326-333,共8页
在全球变暖及人类工程活动的影响下,青藏工程走廊内的热融灾害普遍发育。研究走廊内各类热融灾害的发育现状及其对多年冻土的热影响对今后的工程规划和冻土环境保护具有一定的指导意义。本文通过大量的野外调查工作,总结了走廊内热融灾... 在全球变暖及人类工程活动的影响下,青藏工程走廊内的热融灾害普遍发育。研究走廊内各类热融灾害的发育现状及其对多年冻土的热影响对今后的工程规划和冻土环境保护具有一定的指导意义。本文通过大量的野外调查工作,总结了走廊内热融灾害的类型及其发育现状,并选取3种典型热融灾害进行现场地温监测,分析其对多年冻土的热影响方式和程度。研究结果表明:3种热融灾害对其发育区域及附近的多年冻土都产生了巨大的热影响,热融滑塌和热融沟主要影响浅层的地温状况,而热融湖塘的影响范围更大,其发育甚至会导致湖塘下部形成多年融区。此外,侧向热流计算结果表明,3种热融灾害全年都在向其周边的多年冻土放热,通过对比发现热融湖塘的侧向热侵蚀能力最强,其次是热融沟,侧向热侵蚀最小的是热融滑塌。 展开更多
关键词 热融灾害 多年冻土 热融湖塘 热融滑塌 热融沟
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长江源北麓河流域多年冻土区热融湖塘形成对高寒草甸土壤环境的影响 被引量:30
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作者 王一博 吴青柏 牛富俊 《冰川冻土》 CSCD 北大核心 2011年第3期659-667,共9页
通过对长江源北麓河流域多年冻土区热融湖塘及湖塘影响周边条件下高寒草甸土壤理化性质的比较研究,结果表明:热融湖塘的形成对高寒草甸土壤环境产生了明显影响,热融湖塘形成对土壤质地、含水量、容重以及土壤养分等产生强烈改变,尤其表... 通过对长江源北麓河流域多年冻土区热融湖塘及湖塘影响周边条件下高寒草甸土壤理化性质的比较研究,结果表明:热融湖塘的形成对高寒草甸土壤环境产生了明显影响,热融湖塘形成对土壤质地、含水量、容重以及土壤养分等产生强烈改变,尤其表层土壤;土壤机质(SOM)、全氮(N)等化学物质和其他养分成分在不同退化的土壤中都有所改变.有机质和全N的含量随植被退化变化最多,呈现原始未退化迹地>热融湖塘影响迹地>湖塘核心迹地的趋势,全P和全K的含量变化较小,土壤水分含量也有相同的变化趋势.通过分析发现,热融湖塘的形成和发展导致土壤环境退化增强,土壤质地的改变和土壤养分成分的改变有严格的相关性,与土壤物质之间的变化有密切的关系,说明热融湖塘的形成对冻土区生态环境产生一定的影响. 展开更多
关键词 多年冻土 热融湖塘 高寒草甸 土壤属性
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季节性冰封热融浅湖水温原位观测及其分层特征 被引量:13
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作者 黄文峰 韩红卫 +1 位作者 牛富俊 李志军 《水科学进展》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第2期280-289,共10页
为探究季节性冰封浅湖热力学特征,于2010年10月至2013年7月对高原腹地一典型热融湖塘冰层生消、水/冰温及气象条件开展原位观测,分析了水温分布时间变化、温跃层以及冰生消对水温结构的影响。结果发现:冰面升华显著,贯穿整个冰期;水温... 为探究季节性冰封浅湖热力学特征,于2010年10月至2013年7月对高原腹地一典型热融湖塘冰层生消、水/冰温及气象条件开展原位观测,分析了水温分布时间变化、温跃层以及冰生消对水温结构的影响。结果发现:冰面升华显著,贯穿整个冰期;水温日变化、季节变化和垂直结构受气温、大气辐射、风速、冰生消和湖底沉积层热贡献影响显著;在"无冰期—结冰前—冰生长期—冰融化期—融化后—无冰期"年循环过程中水温垂直结构分别呈现出"分层—翻转—逆温分层—逆温与正温共存—翻转—分层"的循环过程。分层期水温结构仅由上部混合层和温跃层构成,且偶因强风搅动而全湖翻转混合。可见,相比大中型湖泊,季节性冰封浅湖热力学结构差异显著。 展开更多
关键词 热融湖塘 水温 温度分层 湖冰 青藏高原
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