High-efficiency genome editing of an extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus using endogenous type I and type III CRISPR-Cas systems

Thermus thermophilus is an attractive species in the bioindustry due to its valuable natural products,abundant thermophilic enzymes,and promising fermentation capacities.However,efficient and versatile genome editing tools are not available for this species.In this study,we developed an efficient genome editing tool for T.thermophilus HB27 based on its endogenous type IB,I-C,and III-A/B CRISPR-Cas systems.First,we systematically characterized the DNA interference capabilities of the different types of the native CRISPR-Cas systems in T.thermophilus HB27.We found that genomic manipulations such as gene deletion,mutation,and in situ tagging could be easily implemented by a series of genome-editing plasmids carrying an artificial self-targeting mini-CRISPR and a donor DNA responsible for the recombinant recovery.We also compared the genome editing efficiency of different CRISPR-Cas systems and the editing plasmids with donor DNAs of different lengths.Additionally,we developed a reporter gene system for T.thermophilus based on a heat-stableβ-galactosidase gene TTP0042,and constructed an engineered strain with a high production capacity of superoxide dismutases by genome modification.

一种高耐热普鲁兰酶的克隆表达、酶学性质及其在粉丝制作中的应用

为了获得一种适合在粉丝制作中使用的高耐热普鲁兰酶,对Thermus thermophilus的普鲁兰酶基因进行了异源表达及应用性质研究。以T.thermophilus XQ5331基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR方法扩增获得普鲁兰酶编码基因TtP5331,在大肠杆菌中实现高效表达。重组酶TtP通过离子交换层析获得初步纯化。酶学性质研究结果显示,重组酶最适作用温度为75℃,最适pH6.5,在最适条件下比酶活为17 U/mg。重组酶TtP在90℃下保温10 min仍能保留约60%的酶活,沸水浴5 min可以完全灭活。在传统粉丝制作工艺基础上,采用先加酶后制芡糊的方式制作粉丝,按照每克芡糊淀粉1 U的量添加TtP处理芡糊,制作的粉丝的断条率为4.5%,与添加明矾获得的粉丝基本一致。以上结果说明,在酶法粉丝制作工艺中,TtP适合在芡糊制作前在淀粉悬液中添加,是一种用量小、使用简便的明矾替代物。