Comparison of central macular thickness between two spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in elderly non-mydriatic eyes

AIM: To compare central macular thickness (CMT) measurements obtained by two spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) exams, and to evaluate measurement reproducibility and agreement between these two exams, and to investigate the relationship between CMT and possible influencing factors such as age, sex, eye (OD/OS), and operators in elderly non-mydriatic eyes. METHODS: Seventy-two normal subjects were included. Every subject underwent CMT measurement twice using one of two SD-OCT (OSE-2000, Moptim, Shenzhen, China & 3-D OCT-1000, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) instruments respectively where we randomly chose one eye in each patient for the test; these exams were performed by two operators over an hour period with a brief rest between sessions. Comparison of the OSE-2000 and 3-D OCT-1000 CMT measurements was based on paired- t test The mean difference between the CMT measurements was calculated. General linear model analyzed the relationships among eye (OD/OS), operator, sex, and CMT values using age as co-variant. All tests were considered statistically significant at P <0.05. The main outcome measures included CMT. RESULTS: When evaluated with general linear model analysis, CMT measurements were found to have high reproducibility across the two instruments between the two operators for the OSE-2000 single line scan and 3-D OCT-1000 macular scans (P=0.731; P=0.443). There was statistically significant difference in CMT values between the two instruments (P<0.001) and the mean difference was -46.83 mu m at 95% confidence limits (-49.15,-44.51). Age was positively correlated with CMT (beta coefficient =0.516, P=0.001; beta coefficient=0.453, P =0.009) and sex was correlated with CMT from the OSE-2000 (P=0.021) but not with the 3-D OCT-1000 (P=0.056). According to the actual thickness measurements, the CMT of the male was thicker than the female's but there was no statistical difference. There was interaction between sex and eye in OSE-2000 and not in 3-D OCT-1000 (P=0.02; P =0.374). No significant correlation was found between CMT and the influencing factor of eye in both of the instruments (P=0.884; P=0.492). CONCLUSION: Reproducibility of CMT measurement using the two SD-OCTs is excellent in normal eyes according to the operator factor analysis. OSE-2000 has a different posterior retinal boundary of CMT measurement, which results in the CMT value differences, compared with the 3-D OCT-1000. Age is positively correlated with CMT measurement while sex is correlated with CMT in the OSE-2000 but not in the 3-D OCT-1000 and eye (OD/OS) had no correlation with CMT values. Mydriatic drops may not be necessary for CMT measurement using high scan rate SD-OCT in normal eyes in dark room.

Comparison of conbercept and ranibizumab for the treatment efficacy of diabetic macular edema: a Metaanalysis and systematic review

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC) and ranibizumab(IVR) in patients with diabetic macular edema.METHODS: Reviewers have searched 12 databases, including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Springer, ScienceDirect, OVID, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov, cqVIP, WanFangdata and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), up to December 28, 2018. Rev Man 5.3(Cochrane Library Software, Oxford, UK) was employed for statistical analysis. Fixed and random effects models were applied to assess heterogeneity. Odds ratio(OR) was applied for dichotomous variables;weighted mean difference(WMD) was applied for continuous variables. The confidence interval(CI) was set at 95%. Central macular thickness(CMT) and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) were employed to analyze the improvement of DME patients. Inclusion criteria for picking out studies were retrospective studies and randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that compared IVC and IVR for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.RESULTS: Four retrospective studies and five RCTs were included with a total of 609 patients. No statistically significant difference was observed in mean CMT and mean BCVA in the baseline parameters [BCVA(WMD:-0.48;95%CI:-1.06 to 0.10;P=0.1), CMT(WMD:-0.83;95%CI:-15.15 to 13.49;P=0.91). No significant difference was found in the improvement of BCVA and adverse event(AE) in IVC group, compared with IVR group after treatment of loading dosage [the 1 st month BCVA(WMD: 0.01;95%CI:-0.26 to 0.27;P=0.96), the 3 rd month BCVA(WMD:-0.04;95%CI:-0.14 to 0.06;P=0.46);the 6 th month BCVA(WMD:-0.24;95%CI:-1.62 to 1.14;P=0.73)], AE(OR: 0.84;95%CI: 0.38 to 1.84;P=0.66)]. A slight difference was found in the effectiveness rate(OR: 1.70;95%CI: 0.97 to 2.96;P=0.06), There were statistically significant differences between IVC and IVR treatment in terms of CMT (1 st month CMT(WMD:-19.88;95%CI:-27.94 to-11.82;P<0.001), 3 rd month CMT(WMD:-23.31;95%CI:-43.30 to-3.33;P=0.02), 6 th month CMT(WMD:-74.74;95%CI:-106.22 to-43.26;P<0.001))CONCLUSION: Pooled evidence suggests that both IVC and IVR are effective in the therapy of diabetic macular edema and affirms that IVC presents superiority over IVR therapy in regard of CMT in patients with diabetic macular edema, but no statistically significant difference with regard to visual improvement. Relevant RCTs with longerterm follow-up are necessary to back up our conclusion.

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs combined with laser photocoagulation maintain retinal ganglion cell integrity in patients with diabetic macular edema: study protocol for a prospective, non-randomized, controlled clinical trial

The integrity of retinal ganglion cells is tightly associated with diabetic macular degeneration that leads to damage and death of retinal ganglion cells,affecting vision.The major clinical treatments for diabetic macular edema are anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and laser photocoagulation.However,although the macular thickness can be normalized with each of these two therapies used alone,the vision does not improve in many patients.This might result from the incomplete recovery of retinal ganglion cell injury.Therefore,a prospective,non-randomized,controlled clinical trial was designed to investigate the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs combined with laser photocoagulation on the integrity of retinal ganglion cells in patients with diabetic macular edema and its relationship with vision recovery.In this trial,150 patients with diabetic macular edema will be equally divided into three groups according to therapeutic methods,followed by treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs,laser photocoagulation therapy,and their combination.All patients will be followed up for 12 months.The primary outcome measure is retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness at 12 months after treatment.The secondary outcome measures include retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness before and 1,3,6,and 9 months after treatment,retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,best-corrected visual acuity,macular area thickness,and choroidal thickness before and 1,3,6,9,and 12 months after treatment.Safety measure is the incidence of adverse events at 1,3,6,9,and 12 months after treatment.The study protocol hopes to validate the better efficacy and safety of the combined treatment in patients with diabetic macula compared with the other two monotherapies alone during the 12-month follow-up period.The trial is designed to focus on clarifying the time-effect relationship between imaging measures related to the integrity of retinal ganglion cells and best-corrected visual acuity.The trial protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University with approval No.(2023)(26)on April 25,2023,and was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number:ChiCTR2300072478,June 14,2023,protocol version:2.0).

Comparison of intravitreal aflibercept and dexamethasone implant in the treatment of macular edema associated with diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion:a Meta-analysis and systematic review

·AIM:To compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept with dexamethasone implant in the treatment of macular edema(ME)associated with diabetic retinopathy(DR)or retinal vein occlusion(RVO).·METHODS:A comprehensive search of studies comparing dexamethasone and aflibercept in patients with ME was conducted at PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from the beginning of library to April 16,2021.Extracting the data including bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA),central retinal thickness(CRT),number of injections and serious adverse events(SAEs)from the final qualified articles.RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis of the included studies.·RESULTS:Totally 7 studies with 369 eyes were included.The causes of ME in the final screening study included RVO and DR.Compared with the aflibercept treatment group,the BCVA of the dexamethasone implant treatment group showed no significant difference in the follow-up for 3 mo[mean difference(MD):-0.05,95%confidence interval(CI):-0.11,0.02;P=0.17]and 12 mo(MD:-0.01,95%CI:-0.38,0.37;P=0.98),but it was slightly worse than the aflibercept group at 6 mo(MD:0.12.95%CI:0.03,0.21;P=0.008).In terms of CRT reduction,there was no significant difference between the two groups at 3 mo(MD:-28.14,95%CI:-79.95,23.67;P=0.29),6 mo(MD:27.67,95%CI:-84.89,140.24;P=0.63),and 12 mo(MD:-59.00,95%CI:-127.37,9.37;P=0.09).However,dexamethasone implant had fewer injections,but more adverse events such as elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)and cataract.·CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of aflibercept and dexamethasone implant can both effectively increase BCVA and reduce CRT.Compared with aflibercept,dexamethasone implant is not inferior in improving vision and reducing CRT in the initial treatment period(3 mo)and long-term treatment period(12 mo).Besides,it has fewer injections and more likely to cause elevated IOP and cataract.

Foveal thickness reduction after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in chronic diabetic macular edema

AIM：To report foveal thickness reduction in eyes with resolution of macular edema and recovery of a foveal depression after one-year of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor（anti-VEGF） therapy for center-involving diabetic macular edema（DME）.METHODS：Foveal thickness was assessed with optical coherence tomography to determine the central subfield foveal thickness（CSFT） and macular volume in 42 eyes with DME（CSFT〉275 μm）. Evaluations also included measurement of best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）, and were performed at baseline, and upon foveal depression recovery achieved after 12 monthly intravitreal injections of either 1.5 mg/0.06 mL bevacizumab（n=21） or 0.5 mg/0.05 mL ranibizumab（n=21）. Data was compared to 42 eyes of normally sighted, non-diabetic, healthy individuals with similar age, gender and race distributions.RESULTS：Mean baseline BCVA was 0.59±0.04 and 0.32± 0.03 log MAR（P〈0.001） after treatment and resolution of DME, with all, but 3 eyes, showing BCVA improvement. Mean CSFT before treatment was 422.0±20.0 μm, and after treatment, decreased to 241.6±4.6 μm（P〈0.001）, which is significantly thinner than CSFT found in control subjects（272.0±3.4 μm; P〈0.001）. Moreover, in 33/42 DM eyes（79%）, CSTF was thinner than the matched control eye. Macular volume showed comparable results, but with lower differences between groups（control：8.5±0.4 mm^3; DME：8.2±1.0 mm^3; P=0.0267）.CONCLUSION：DME eyes show significantly lower foveal thickness than matched controls after DME resolution achieved with one-year anti-VEGF therapy. Further investigation into the reasonsfor this presumable retinal atrophy using fluorescein angiography and functional parameters as well as establishing possible predictors is warranted. This finding should be considered during the treatment of DME.

Effects of vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling in patients with diabetic macular edema

BACKGROUND Diabetic macular edema(DME),a chronic microvascular complication of diabetes,is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness.Pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)can restore the normal macular structure and reduce macular edema,whereas internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling is used to treat tractional macular diseases.Despite the advantages,there is limited research on the combined effects of PPV with ILM peeling.AIM To observe the effects of PPV combined with ILM peeling on postoperative central macular thickness(CMT),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),cystoid macular edema(CME)volume,and complications in patients with DME.METHODS Eighty-one patients(92 eyes)diagnosed with DME at the Beijing Shanqu Liangxiang Hospital between January and December 2022 were randomly divided to undergo PPV alone(control group:41 patients,47 eyes)or PPV+ILM peeling(stripping group:40 patients,45 eyes);a single surgeon performed all surgeries.The two groups were compared preoperatively and 1 and 3 months postoperatively.RESULTS Preoperatively,both groups had comparable values of CMT,BCVA,and CME volume(P>0.05).After surgery(both 1 and 3 months),both groups showed significant reductions in CMT,BCVA,and CME volume compared to preoperative levels,with the stripping group showing more significant reductions compared to the control group(P<0.05).Further repeated-measures ANOVA analysis for within-group differences revealed significant effects of group and time,and interaction effects for CMT,BCVA,and CME volume(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications between the groups(retinal detachment:control=2,stripping=1;endophthalmitis:Control=4,stripping=1;no cases of secondary glaucoma or macular holes;χ^(2)=0.296,P=0.587).CONCLUSION PPV with ILM peeling can significantly improve the visual acuity of patients with DME,reduce CMT,and improve CME with fewer complications.

Microvascular changes after conbercept therapy in central retinal vein occlusion analyzed by optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM: To investigate microvascular changes in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO) complicated by macular edema before and after intravitreal conbercept injection and evaluate correlations between these changes and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and retinal thickness. METHODS: Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients with macular edema caused by CRVO were included in this retrospective study. All patients received a single intravitreal conbercept injection to treat macular edema. BCVA and the results of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) automatic measurements of the vessel density in the superficial(SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus(DCP), the foveal avascular zone(FAZ) area, the FAZ perimeter(PERIM), the vessel density within a 300-μm wide ring surrounding the FAZ(FD-300), the acircularity index(AI), the choriocapillaris flow area, and retinal thickness were recorded before and at one month after treatment and compared with the results observed in age-and sexmatched healthy subjects. RESULTS: The vessel density in the SCP and DCP, the FD-300, and the flow area of the choriocapillaris were allsignificantly lower in CRVO eyes than in healthy eyes, while the AI and retinal thickness were significantly higher(all P<0.05). After treatment, retinal thickness was significantly decreased, and the mean BCVA had markedly improved from 20/167 to 20/65(P=0.0092). The flow area of the choriocapillaris was also significantly improved, which may result from the reduction of shadowing effect caused by the attenuation of macular edema. However, there were no significant changes in SCP and DCP vessel density after treatment. The flow area of the choriocapillaris at baseline was negatively correlated with retinal thickness.CONCLUSION: OCTA enables the non-invasive, layerspecific and quantitative assessment of microvascular changes both before and after treatment, and can therefore be used as a valuable imaging tool for the evaluation of the follow-up in CRVO patients.

Predicting anatomical results of surgical treatment of idiopathic macular hole

AIM： To determine the parameters most informative in predicting the anatomical results of surgical treatment of idiopathic full-thickness macular hole （IMH）. METHODS： One hundred and sixty-two consecutive patients （170 eyes） after primary operation for IMH were enrolled. Outcomes were classified as anatomical success when both IMH closure and restoration of the outer retinal structure were achieved. ＂Prospective＂ group included 108 patients （115 eyes） followed with optical coherence tomography （OCT） and microperimetry for ly after surgery. Potential prognostic criteria, except microperimetry data, were tested in ＂retrospective＂ group （54 patients, 55 eyes）. Prognostic value of each parameter was determined using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） analysis. Combined predictive power of the best prognostic parameters was tested with the use of linear discriminant analysis. RESULTS： IMH closure was achieved in 106 eyes （92%） in the prospective group and 49 eyes （89%） in the retrospective group. Despite anatomical closure, the outer retinal structure was not restored in two eyes in the first group and in one eye in the second group. Preoperative central subfield retinal thickness demonstrated the best discriminatory capability between eyes with anatomical success and failure： area under the ROC-curve （AUC） 0.938 （95% Ch 0.881-0.995）, sensitivity 64% at fixed specificity 95% （cut-off value 300um） in the prospective group; sensitivity 57% and specificity 90% in the retrospective group. Other continuous parameters except tractional hole index （AUC： 0.796, 95% Ch 0.591- 1.000） had significantly lower AUCs （P〈0.05）. The best combination of the parameters, established by discriminant analysis in the prospective group, could not confirm its predictive value in the retrospective group. CONCLUSION： Preoperative central subfield retinal thickness is a strong and probably the best predictor of anatomical results of IMH surgical treatment.

Impact of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in prevention of macular edema following cataract surgery in diabetic patients

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic administration of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs） on macular edema following cataract surgery in diabetic patients, and to compare between types of NSAIDs（ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% and nepafenac 0.1%）. METHODS： Group 1（control） received artificial tears substitute as a placebo group, group 2（nepafenac） received topical nepafenac 0.1%, and group 3（ketorolac） received topical ketorolac tromethamine 0.4%. Patients were examined postoperatively after completing one week, one month, two months and three months＇ intervals for evaluating cystoid macular edema（CME） development. The main study outcomes were achieving the best corrected visual acuity（BCVA） and change in the central macular thickness（CMT） measured with optical coherence topography（OCT）.RESULTS： Eighty eyes of 76 patients were included in this study. BCVA showed a statistically significant difference at the third month postoperative follow up between the control group and the NSAIDs groups（P=0.04）. There was an increase in the CMT in all cases starting from postoperative first week until third month. CMT showed a statistically significant difference between control group and NSAIDs groups from postoperative first month until third month（P=0.008, 0.027, 0.004）. There was no statistically significant difference between nepafenac and ketorolac groups in BCVA and OCT CMT. CONCLUSION： Prophylactic preoperative and postoperative NSAIDs may have a role in reducing the frequency and severity of CME in diabetic eyes following cataract surgery.

Long-term clinical effects of intravitreal injections of conbercept for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization in patients with pathological myopia

AIM:To observe the long-term clinical efficacy of intravitreal injections of conbercept,a novel vascular growth factor inhibitor,for the treatment of pathological myopia choroidal neovascularization(PM-CNV).METHODS:A total of 67 eyes(from 67 patients;mean age,54.90±12.7y)with PM-CNV were retrospectively researched.Based on the different schemes used for the administration of the drug,the patients were divided into two groups:group A(n=35;average age,53.31±13.6y;average diopter,9.25±1.72 D),which received only one injection of pro re nata(PRN;1+PRN regimen),and group B(n=32;average age,56.49±11.8y;average diopter,9.63±2.24 D),which received one injection per month for 3mo(3+PRN regimen).Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)analysis,intraocular pressure(IOP)examination,slit-lamp microscopy,fundus examination and optical coherence tomography were per formed at each follow-up.The recurrence and treatment times of CNV were recorded.The patients were followed up for at least 12mo.RESULTS:The BCVA was increased in 29 eyes(82.9%)in group A and 30 eyes(93.75%)in group B;no increase or decrease was observed in 6(17.1%)and 2(6.25%)eyes in groups A and B,respectively.The BCVA(log MAR)values before treatment(0.67±0.48 and 0.71±0.56)were significantly higher than those 12mo after treatment(0.31±0.26 and 0.33±0.17)in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.05).The mean central macular thickness(CMT)values had significantly decreased from 346.49±65.99 and 360.10±82.31μm at baseline to 257.29±40.47 and 251.97±48.26μm in groups A and B,respectively,after 12mo of treatment.A total of 21 eyes in group A needed reinjection(60%;average number of injections,2.51±0.98);the corresponding values in group B were 6 eyes(18.75%;average number of injections,3.74±1.22).There were no adverse ocular and systemic complications during the treatment and follow-up.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of conbercept with 1+PRN or 3+PRN improve the visual acuity,reduce macular edema and reduce the level of CMT in patients with PM-CNV.The 3+PRN regimen demonstrates a lower recurrence rate of CNV than the 1+PRN regimen,but requires more treatment.However,both treatment regimens demonstrate long-term safety and efficacy for the treatment of PM-CNV.

Optic disc area in different types of glaucoma

AIMTo evaluate the possible relationship of optic disc area with retina nerve fiber layer in different glaucoma subtypes.METHODSOne eye each was chosen from 45 patients with ocular hypertension, 45 patients with primary open angle glaucoma, 45 patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and 45 healthy controls followed in our hospital. The records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Optic disc area and circumpapillary retina nerve fiber layer measurements were obtained using optical coherence tomography. Central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry.RESULTSThe median disc area in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma was significantly higher than the patients with ocular hypertension (2.19 vs 1.90 mm2, P=0.030). The median retina nerve fiber layer was thinner in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma than the patients with ocular hypertension for superior, inferior and temporal quadrants. After adjustment for age, no difference in central corneal thickness was found between the groups. Greater disc area was associated with thicker retinal nerve fiber layer for superior, inferior and nasal quadrants in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma. There was no correlation between disc area and central corneal thickness measurements of the groups.CONCLUSIONDisc size affects the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma and is a possible risk factor for glaucomatous optic nerve damage.

Non-linear relationship between age and subfoveal choroidal thickness in Chinese patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

BACKGROUND No study has investigated the change regularity between age and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)in proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).AIM To investigate the relationship between the SFCT and age in Chinese patients with PDR.METHODS This was a cross-sectional retrospective study.The participants were hospitalized individuals with type 2 diabetes who underwent vitrectomy for PDR.Contralateral eyes that met the criteria were included in the study.All necessary laboratory tests were performed at the time of admission.Central macular thickness(CMT)and SFCT were two quantitative assessments made using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography.CMT was measured automatically and SFCT was measured manually with digital calipers provided by the Heidelberg Eye Explorer software.RESULTS The final analysis included a total of 234 individuals with PDR.The average age was 55.60 years old±10.03 years old,and 57.69%of the population was male.Univariate analysis revealed a significant negative connection between age and SFCT in patients with PDR[β=-2.44,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-3.46 to-1.42;P<0.0001].In the fully adjusted model,the correlation between SFCT and age remained steady(β=-1.68,95%CI:-2.97 to-0.39;P=0.0117).Spline smoothing showed that the relationship between SFCT and age in patients with PDR was non-linear,with an inflection point at 54 years of age.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that age is a key determinant of choroidal thickness.The non-linear link between SFCT and age in PDR patients should be taken into account.

Six-year outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration with ranibizumab

AIM： To evaluate the outcomes of （6y ranibizumab therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration （AMD）.METHODS： HELIX was a retrospective, observational effectiveness study using medical records of patients treated in three clinics in Belgium. Patients had neovascular AMD and were initially treated with intravitreal ranibizumab （0.5 mg） between November 1, 2007 and October 31, 2008, had （6y of data available, and were treated on an ongoing, as-needed basis. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA） and central retinal thickness （CRT）.RESULTS： The sample consisted of 88 eyes from 69 patients. Mean age was 76.4±6.5y, most patients were female （62.3%）. Most eyes （62.5%） were treatment-naive, 33 previously treated eyes had received predominantly other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and verteporfin. Mean baseline BCVA was 57.4±12.7 ETDRS letters and CRT was 291.5±86.1 （m. On average, patients received 20.6±11.9 ranibizumab injections over the （6y. Intervals between injections were on average 12.7±16.1wk. Mean change in BCVA from baseline to last observation for the sample was less than one letter （-0.9±17.3 letters）, with an average loss of -3.2±15.6 letters in previously treated eyes versus a gain of 0.6±18.4 letters in treatment-na？ve eyes. When considering a loss of 〈15 letters over 6y as stabilization of disease, 75.9% of all eyes showed a positive （improvement or stabilization） outcome. Mean change in CRT from baseline to last observation for the sample was -26.9±148.4 （m with the greatest reduction observed in treatment-naive eyes.CONCLUSION： This retrospective study of 69 neovascular AMD patients treated for （6y with ranibizumab demonstrates long-term visual stabilization. In light of the natural evolution of the disease, these data confirm that ranibizumab is effective long-term under real-world conditions of heterogeneity of patients, clinicians, and centers.

Intravitreal dexamethasone implant in naive and previously treated patients with diabetic macular edema:a retrospective study

AIM:To assess the effect of the intravitreal dexamethasone implant(DEX)Ozurdex on the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and central retinal thickness(CRT)in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS:Totally 43 eyes(24 naive and 19 previously treated)were included in the study.Retrospective and single-center study involved patients with a clinical diagnosed of DME,who received treatment with DEX implant and had a follow-up of at least 12 mo.Primary endpoints included changes in BCVA and CRT.RESULTS:At month 12,mean improvement in BCVA from baseline was 20.4±20.8 letters and 6.8±6.9 letters in naive and previously treated patients,respectively(P=0.0132).The naive patients achieved the BCVA improvement significantly faster(2.4±1.5 mo)than the previously treated ones(3.5±2.4 mo,P=0.0298;MannWhitney test).The proportion of eyes gaining≥15 letters was 54.2%and 21.1%in the non-previously treated and previously treated groups,respectively(P=0.0293).CRT was significantly reduced from 484.0±119.8 and 487.5±159.9μm to 272.0±39.2 and 233.5±65.7μm in the naive and previously treated patients,respectively;P<0.0001 each,respectively.The presence of subretinal fluid was significantly associated with the proportion of patients achieving a BCVA improvement≥5 letters[HR(95%CI),1.23(1.04 to 1.45),P=0.0145];≥10 letters[HR(95%CI),1.75(1.10 to 2.77),P=0.0182];and≥15 letters[HR(95%CI),2.04(1.03 to 4.02),P=0.0407].Naive patients received less DEX implants throughout the study than the previously treated ones(1.8±0.6 vs 2.3±0.6,P=0.0172,respectively).Totally 9 patients(20.9%)have developed ocular hypertension,which was successfully controlled with topical hypotensive drugs.Of the 23 phakic eyes at baseline,5 eyes(21.7%)either had new onset lens opacity or progression of an existing opacity during the study follow-up.Four of them(2 in the naive group and 2 in the previously treated one)required cataract surgery at months 4,6,6,and 6,respectively.CONCLUSION:The results obtained in this study may support the early use of DEX Ozurdex as first line therapy in naive patients.

Results of intravitreal dexamethasone implant 0.7 mg (Ozurdex^(█)) in non-infectious posterior uveitis

· AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexamethasone implant in patients with non-infectious posterior uveitis with cystoid macular edema(CME).·METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients reports with CME secondary to non-infectious uveitis treated with dexamethasone implant. Data included type of posterior uveitis, any systemic immunosuppressive therapy, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS) best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT) on optical coherence tomography(OCT) and signs of intraocular inflammation at baseline and then at 2wk postoperatively and monthly thereafter. Follow-up is up to 10 mo. Any per-operative and post-operative complications were recorded.·RESULTS: Six eyes of 4 patients with CME due to non-infectious posterior uveitis treated with dexamethasone implant. Diagnosis included idiopathic panuveitis, birdshot chorioretinopathy and idiopathic intermediate uveitis. At baseline mean ETDRS BCVA was63 letters and mean CMT 556 μm at 2wk postoperatively mean ETDRS BCVA improved to 70 letters and mean CMT decreased to 329 μm. All eyes showed clinical evidence of decreased inflammation. The duration of effect of the implant was 5 to 6mo and retreatment was required in 2 eyes. Two patients required antiglaucoma therapy for increased intraocular pressures.·CONCLUSION: In patients with non-infectious posterior uveitis dexamethasone implant can be a short-term effective treatment option for controlling intraocular inflammation.

视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿患者基线房水细胞因子水平与抗VEGF疗效的相关性

目的利用基线房水细胞因子预测视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿(RVO-ME)患者抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗3个月后黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)和最佳矫正视力(BCVA)的改善情况。方法选择2021年10月至2023年1月在南京医科大学附属眼科医院首诊为RVO-ME的患者30例(30眼),在抗VEGF药物注射前行前房穿刺收集房水。采用Luminex液相芯片技术测定患者房水中VEGF、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、白细胞介素(IL)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)等11种细胞因子的水平。分析RVO-ME患者基线房水细胞因子水平与CMT、BCVA(logMAR)以及其变化值(基线与抗VEGF治疗3个月后差值)的相关性;在基线时与抗VEGF治疗3个月后分别分析CMT和BCVA(logMAR)间的相关性。CMT、BCVA应答者定义为从基线到抗VEGF治疗3个月后CMT、BCVA(logMAR)减少50%及以上的患者,使用Logistic回归模型分析基线房水细胞因子与RVO-ME患者抗VEGF治疗3个月后成为CMT或BCVA应答者的关系。结果与基线时相比,抗VEGF治疗3个月后RVO-ME患者CMT明显下降,BCVA明显改善(均为P<0.001)。RVO-ME患者基线时、抗VEGF治疗3个月后CMT与BCVA(logMAR)之间均呈正相关(P=0.026、0.002)。基线时,RVO-ME患者VEGF、IL-8水平与CMT均呈正相关(P=0.032、0.035);IL-6、IL-8水平与BCVA(logMAR)均呈正相关(P=0.018、0.002)。RVO-ME患者基线IL-8水平与CMT变化值呈负相关(P=0.024)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,基线ICAM-1水平升高增加RVO-ME患者抗VEGF治疗3个月后BCVA无应答的风险(P=0.023)。结论基线IL-8与ICAM-1可能是RVO-ME抗VEGF治疗后CMT及BCVA改善的预测因子。

无灌注区、黄斑区双激光方案在视网膜静脉分枝阻塞继发黄斑水肿患者中的应用分析

目的 探讨无灌注区、黄斑区双激光方案在视网膜静脉分枝阻塞(BRVO)继发黄斑水肿(ME)患者中的应用分析。方法 根据随机数字表法将浙江省丽水市人民医院2021年5月至2022年5月收治的150例BRVO继发ME患者分为对照组(雷珠单抗玻璃体腔内注射治疗)和双激光组(雷珠单抗联合无灌注区、黄斑区双激光治疗),各75例。治疗后3个月,比较两组临床效果、恢复情况[最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼内压(IOP)、黄斑中心视网膜厚度(CMT)]、黄斑区血流情况及荧光素眼底血管造影检查结果。结果 双激光组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月,两组BCVA高于治疗前,IOP、CMT低于治疗前,且双激光组BCVA高于对照组,IOR、CMT低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月,两组浅、深层毛细血管血流密度均高于治疗前,且双激光组高于对照组(P<0.05)。双激光组囊样渗漏、弥漫渗漏、局部渗漏发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗联合无灌注区、黄斑区双激光治疗BRVO继发ME可提高雷珠单抗的效果,促进患者视力恢复,还可改善黄斑区血流状况,减少血管渗漏发生。

DME患者黄斑微循环和细胞因子与抗VEGF疗效的关系

目的探讨糖尿病黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)患者抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)治疗后黄斑区微循环和房水细胞因子表达的变化,并分析其与抗VEGF疗效的关系。方法选取2021年10月至2023年8月于南昌市第一医院就诊的DME患者62例(91眼),均行玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗。根据黄斑中心厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)的降幅将其分为疗效显著组(CMT降幅≥100μm,59眼)和非疗效显著组(CMT降幅<100μm或增加,32眼)。分析抗VEGF治疗后CMT、黄斑浅层毛细血管丛(superficial capillary plexus,SCP)血管密度(vessel density,VD)、中心凹无血管区(fovea avascular area,FAZ)、VEGF、白细胞介素(interleuki,IL)-6、IL-8、IL-10的变化。采用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评估各指标的疗效预测价值。结果治疗前,疗效显著组患眼房水的VEGF、IL-10均显著高于非疗效显著组,IL-8水平显著低于非疗效显著组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患眼房水的VEGF、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10均显著低于本组治疗前(P<0.05),疗效显著组患眼房水的VEGF、IL-6、IL-8均显著低于非疗效显著组,IL-10水平显著高于非疗效显著组(P<0.05);抗VEGF治疗前后,两组患眼的FAZ面积和SCP-VD均无显著变化(P>0.05)。相关性分析显示,基线房水VEGF(r=0.571,P<0.001)、IL-10(r=0.382,P=0.008)与CMT降幅呈正相关;IL-8与CMT降幅呈负相关性(r=–0.689,P<0.001);IL-6、FAZ面积、SCP-VD与CMT降幅无相关性(P>0.05);细胞因子水平与FAZ面积和SCP-VD无相关性(P>0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,基线房水IL-8、VEGF和IL-10预测抗VEGF疗效的曲线下面积分别为0.825、0.813和0.676。结论DME患者的基线房水VEGF、IL-8、IL-10水平与抗VEGF疗效相关,且能够预测抗VEGF疗效。

玻璃体切割术在增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变治疗中的应用效果

目的:探讨玻璃体切割术在增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)治疗中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年1月—2023年12月北海市人民医院收治的60例PDR患者,所有患者在入院后均开展视力、眼压、眼底照相、眼底荧光素血管造影以及光学相干断层扫描检查等,并开展25 G微创玻璃体切割术进行治疗,观察患者术中各方面情况以及术后恢复情况。结果:60例患者中55例双眼均表现为PDR,仅5例患者表现为单眼PDR。所有患者在手术过程中未观察到新鲜玻璃体出血以及视网膜出血症状,均顺利开展玻璃体切割术治疗。术后恢复过程中患者眼部黄斑中心区厚度、视力优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后患者泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌距离长于术前,眼表疾病指数量表低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在术后恢复中3例出现并发症,1例眼压增加、1例视网膜水肿、1例眼部干涩。结论:及时诊断并进行玻璃体切割术治疗可有效改善患者的视力和眼部症状,降低眼部黄斑中心区厚度,改善泪膜功能,有助于患者康复。

糖明组方加减联合康柏西普玻璃体腔注射治疗硅油取出术后糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效及对视力及眼底血流的影响

目的探究糖明组方加减治疗与康柏西普玻璃体腔注射治疗硅油取出术后糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效,并观察患者视力及眼底血流情况。方法前瞻性选取2022年3月至2023年3月在河北省沧州中西医结合医院接受糖尿病性视网膜病变引起牵拉性视网膜脱离行过玻璃体切除手术的患者,术中均给予硅油填充,并于3个月后取出,对患者进行随访,将术后发生黄斑水肿的107例患者作为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将其分组:对照组(n=53)和试验组(n=54)。对照组使用康柏西普治疗,试验组使用糖明组方加减联合康柏西普治疗。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前、治疗后1、2、3个月的视力[最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心视网膜厚度(CMT)],治疗前、治疗后3个月的眼底血流[视网膜浅层毛细血管丛(SCP)、深层毛细血管(DCP)血管密度及黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积]差异,并记录患者的并发症发生情况。结果试验组患者的治疗有效率为96.30%,高于对照组(83.02%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后1、2、3个月,两组的BCVA均较治疗前升高,CMT均较治疗前降低,且试验组的BCVA分别为0.41±0.05、0.42±0.06、0.44±0.05,均高于对照组(0.26±0.06、0.31±0.08、0.33±0.06),CMT分别为(311.05±56.15)、(291.23±33.46)、(281.46±52.45)μm,均低于对照组[(400.26±60.12)、(399.45±67.45)、(377.15±52.15)μm],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月与治疗前比较、两组患者的SCP、DCP血管密度及FAZ比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组患者结膜出血、玻璃体混浊、高眼压等总并发症发生率为3.70%,低于对照组(15.09%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论糖明组方加减联合康柏西普玻璃体腔注射方案治疗硅油取出术后糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床效果优于单独使用康柏西普,且具有更低的并发症风险。