Factors affecting thin coal seam shearer drum coal-loading performance by a model test method

To solve the problem of a low coal-loading rate being exhibited by the drum shearer on Chinese thin coal seams,systematic tests and research were performed to study the pivotal factors’influences on drum coal-loading rate using a model test method.The effects of the drum hub diameter,cutting depth,vane helix angle,drum rotation speed and hauling speed on drum coal-loading rate were determined under circumstances of coal-loading with drum ejection and pushing modes,and reasons for these phenomena were analyzed.The results indicate that the influence of the drum cutting depth on the drum coal-loading rate is the most significant.The parameters of hub diameter,drum rotation speed and hauling speed can influence the drum coal-loading rate by cutting the coals’filling rate in the drum.The parameters of vane helix angle and drum rotation speed can influence drum coal-loading rates by influencing the ratio of cutting coals’tangential and axial speed in the drum.The coal-loading rate with drum ejection is clearly higher than that observed with drum pushing.Research in this study can provide support to design the drum structure and select drum operational parameters for a thin coal seam shearer.

The adjusting mining technology of combining fully mechanized with individual prop,rotating,hilt,irregular form,and double unit face on thin coal seam of Tianchen Mine

Analyzed the situations and characteristics of thin coal seam mining and its mining technologies,and introduced the mining innovation technology used by Tianchen Coal Mine of Zhaozhuang Coal Company of China.This innovation technology combined the fully mechanized mining with individual props,and the working face of mining is over length,irregular form and double units.The rotational adjusting mining technology on thin coal seam is also practiced in this new mining technology.The detail technologies,such as outlays of working face and ways,mining methods,equipments of cutting,transporting and sporting,have been introduced.So that,using the synthetic and creative mining tech- nologies,Tianchen Coal Mine solves the mining problems of thin coal seam successfully.

New development of longwall mining equipment based on automation and intelligent technology for thin seam coal

The paper introduced complete sets of automatic equipment and technology used in thin seam coal face, and proposed the comprehensive mechanization and automation of safe and high efficiency mining models based on the thin seam drum shearer. The key technology of short length and high power thin seam drum shearer, and new type roof support with big extension ratio and plate canopy were introduced. The new research achievement on automatic control system of complete sets of equipment for the thin seam coal, which composed of electronic-hydraulic system, compact thin seam roof supports, high effective shearer with intelligent control system, and characterized by automatical follow-up and remote control technology, was described in this paper..

松软薄煤层条带消突下斜定向钻孔成孔护孔技术研究与应用

针对松软薄煤层煤巷条带消突长距离下斜钻孔,存在成孔难、易钻遇煤层顶底板、积水堵塞瓦斯抽采通道的难题,提出了氮气排渣下斜定向钻进成孔与护孔技术,采用高压氮气排渣、大功率气动螺杆钻具定向、“波浪式”轨迹控制和三层管护孔排水技术,在河南省平煤股份一矿开展现场试验,完成8个孔深超300 m下斜定向长钻孔,煤层钻遇率90%以上,全孔段下三层护排水管,平均下入深度302 m,支管平均抽采纯量1.66 m^(3)/min,平均瓦斯浓度17.5%。试验结果表明:该技术可有效解决松软薄煤层下斜钻孔长距离定向成孔、全孔段筛管护孔和排水的技术难题,提高了钻孔成孔深度和煤层钻遇率,实现了下斜孔全孔段护孔和排水,保障了瓦斯抽采效果,为松软薄煤层煤巷条带长距离消突提供技术保障,在类似地层条件具有广泛的应用推广价值。

新型螺旋钻采煤机的设计及试验

针对旧式螺旋钻采煤机工作过程存在机组体积庞大笨重、拆装钻杆难度大、效率低等问题,设计出一种适合400~500 mm厚极薄煤层开采的新型螺旋钻采煤机。采用四钻头结构,通过左右钻杆传递动力给前端传动齿轮箱,带动四个钻头同时钻进。该采煤机在试验过程中取得了良好的效果,提高了工作效率,降低了工人的劳动强度。

薄煤层灰岩顶板巷道围岩稳定性控制

为合理控制薄煤层灰岩顶板巷道稳定性,避免过度支护引起巷道顶板失稳。以鲁西某矿薄煤层灰岩顶板巷道为研究对象,运用数值模拟、理论计算等研究方法,研究了不同类型灰岩顶板采场应力分布特征、围岩矿压显现规律及其塑性破坏形态特征,灰岩临界安全厚度影响性分析。研究结果发现:实体巷道的应力环境较好,应力集中程度相对较低,而沿空巷受2次采动影响范围更大、应力集中程度更高。煤矿巷道围岩在不同应力环境下需要不同程度的支护,主要集中在加强巷道两帮的支护和在特定情况下加强超前影响范围内的支护。

我国“十四五”煤层气勘探开发新进展与前景展望

煤层气开发有助于推动我国早日实现碳达峰碳中和目标。我国煤层气开发已基本实现产业化,但受理论技术等因素制约,发展规模与丰富的资源条件不匹配。“十四五”以来,我国煤层气勘探开发取得5个方面的新进展:一是我国开始进入深层煤层气规模开发新阶段,煤层气产量增速明显加快;二是深层煤层气勘探开发取得重大突破,极大拓展了产业发展空间;三是老气田低效区、薄煤层等难采资源增产改造效果显著;四是与“十三五”期间相比,攻关领域由中—浅层煤层气为主转为以深层煤层气为主,以水平井大规模分段压裂技术为代表的煤层气理论技术在地质认识、钻完井、压裂、排采四大关键环节均取得重大创新,产气效果明显提升;五是煤层气产业发展政策环境持续优化。初步研判,我国深层煤层气资源丰富,埋深大于1500m的煤层气资源量约是1500m以浅的资源量2倍以上;我国已探明煤层气储量以中—浅层为主,但采出程度仅为7%,剩余资源规模可观,而老气田还发育丰富的薄煤层气,已证实是现实接替资源。因此,深层煤层气的重大突破和老气田增产改造的成功成为引领我国煤层气产业加速发展的主要推动力,发展前景良好。在综合多家机构和专家研究结果的基础上,研究认为我国煤层气产量2025年有望达到100×10^(8)m^(3),2035年达到300×10^(8)m^(3)。但我国煤层气快速发展面临着深煤层、薄煤层等新领域煤层气地质理论认识有待深入系统研究,深层煤层气勘探开发工程技术仍处于攻关阶段,产业发展政策支持力度仍有待完善等挑战。因此,建议加强新领域煤层气风险勘探和选区评价、加强高效勘探开发理论技术攻关以及加强煤层气产业政策支持和发展引导。

西南地区急倾斜薄煤层充水采空区地面注浆堵水工艺研究及应用

针对金沙水电站蓄水区南岸的相关煤矿采空区的治理,选择帷幕注浆堵水为治理方案。通过钻孔将水泥浆充填采空区及其上部裂隙,切断金沙江与矿井之间的径流通道,其中帷幕孔注浆采用水泥-水玻璃双液浆注浆工艺,一般注浆孔采用水泥浆单液注浆工艺。室内凝结时间检测试验的结果中,水泥浆的终凝时间随着水灰比的增大而逐渐从500 s以上下降到20 s左右,根据试验结果确定了合适的水泥浆配比。注浆堵水质量检测得到4组水泥芯体的采空区无侧限抗压强度均值分别为1.21、1.21、1.36、1.29 MPa,注浆段波速值为365~384m/s。抗压强度大于1 MPa,横波波速大于350 m/s,表明注浆堵水工艺实施后的质量评价结果整体满足要求,具有可行性与实用性。

Experimental and theoretical investigation on mechanisms performance of the rock-coal-bolt(RCB)composite system

For coal mines,rock,coal,and rock bolt are the critical constituent materials for surrounding rock in the underground engineering.The stability of the“rock-coal-bolt”(RCB)composite system is affected by the structure and fracture of the coal-rock mass.More rock bolts installed on the rock,more complex condition of the engineering stress environment will be(tensile-shear composite stress is principal).In this paper,experimental analysis and theoretical verification were performed on the RCB composite system with different angles.The results revealed that the failure of the rock-coal(RC)composite specimen was caused by tensile and shear cracks.After anchoring,the reinforcement body formed inside the composite system limits the area where the crack could occur in the specimen.Specifically,shearing damage occurred only around the bolt,and the stress-strain curve presented a better post-peak mechanical property.The mechanical mechanism of the bolt under the combined action of tension and shear stress was analyzed.Additionally,a rock-coal-bolt tensile-shear mechanical(RCBTSM)model was established.The relationship(similar to the exponential function)between the bolt tensile-shear stress and the angle was obtained.Moreover,the influences of the dilatancy angle and bolt diameter of the RCB composite system were also considered and analyzed.Most of the bolts are subjected to the tensile-shearing action in the post-peak stage.The implications of these results for engineering practice indicated that the bolts of the RCB composite system should be prevented from entering the limit shearing state early.

基于随机森林算法的薄煤层工作面开采效能预测研究

薄煤层开采环境恶劣,开采效能受井下多种因素影响。为研究各因素对开采效能的影响程度,预测薄煤层开采效能,首先,从130个已开采薄煤层工作面中提取了煤层厚度、工作面长度、煤层平均倾角、煤层硬度、煤层断层、煤层顶底板、煤层水文、煤层夹矸、瓦斯矿井类型、煤层自燃性、煤层稳定性、煤层层状起伏、采煤工艺、工作面月产量和工作面主要装备等15种开采效能影响因素,将其详细划分为20个影响因子;其次,筛选了37个数据较完整的工作面样本,并基于随机森林算法、网格搜索法和3折交叉验证法训练了薄煤层工作面开采效能最优预测模型,其测试集准确率约95.2%,R2为0.924;同时,最优模型绘制了开采效能影响权重图,月产量、采煤机装备、工作面长度和煤层厚度对开采效能影响较大,其他参数影响较小;最后,以双阳煤矿某薄煤层工作面为例,对其开采效能进行预测,并从工作面产量、工人工效和装备利用率三方面对预测值进行理论校验,校验结果在随机森林模型的预测范围内,验证了随机森林开采效能预测模型的可靠性,为薄煤层工作面开采设计提供了一种参考。

“三硬”薄煤层沿空留巷围岩破坏特征及控制技术研究

为解决薄煤层沿空留巷应力条件复杂、留巷难度大以及巷道围岩长时稳定性的难题,以陕西汇森煤业凉水井煤矿4301工作面为研究对象,采用理论分析、数值模拟、工程实践等方法,对浅埋“三硬”薄煤层沿空留巷围岩破坏特征及控制对策进行研究,分析巷旁支护体结构参数对于巷道稳定性的影响。结果表明:给顶板提供充足的支护强度以及合适的可缩量,是巷旁充填体整体稳定的前提;高水充填材料单轴加压下的力学行为可分为“均匀压密、弹性变形、动态失稳、劣化破坏”4个阶段;在充填体宽度增加过程中,最大应力表现为先增后减再增的趋势,在充填体1.6 m宽时出现稳定承载应力核;理论计算的切顶最佳高度为10.7 m。工程实践表明,工作面后方60 m范围无大变形和明显应力集中,围岩整体控制效果良好、结构稳定,留巷效果达到设计要求。

浅埋极薄煤层无煤柱开采覆岩运移与地表损伤特征研究

为了探究浅埋极薄煤层切顶卸压无煤柱开采与常规留煤柱开采覆岩运移与地表损伤区别,以子长矿区浅埋极薄煤层为背景,基于关键层理论,得到了硬岩破断距及覆岩的垮落高度临界值的计算公式,结合3DEC数值模拟及现场试验,对比分析了无煤柱开采与留煤柱开采条件下浅埋极薄煤层覆岩运移破断及地表损伤特征,确定了极薄煤层覆岩两带高度。结果表明:当工作面回采达到60 m时,两带发育高度基本稳定,当大于60 m时,工作面后方覆岩裂隙由开裂逐渐闭合,裂隙区随工作面回采向前方移动,两带高度稳定在24.6~27.7 m;相较于常规留煤柱开采,切顶留巷无煤柱开采方式下覆岩呈连续移动变形,可有效修复煤层开采工作面两侧非连续移动变形导致的覆岩裂隙及地表损伤裂缝,消除了常规留煤柱开采方式下相邻工作面间区段煤柱两侧覆岩裂隙,现场观测较好地验证了该结果。

近距离薄煤层群首采层卸压瓦斯协同抽采技术研究

为有效解决近距离薄煤层群开采首采层上、下邻近层大量卸压瓦斯涌入的治理问题,以某煤矿为研究对象,采用理论分析和数值模拟的方法,研究近距离薄煤层群开采条件下卸压瓦斯运移规律,并根据富集特征确定卸压瓦斯抽采钻孔的空间位置。研究结果表明:首采层开采覆岩导气裂隙带最大发育高为10.3~23.2 m。设计超大直径顺层预抽钻孔高0.8 m,宽2.08 m;顶板定向长钻孔终孔最优抽采位置为垂直距离开采层顶板15.0~23.0 m,水平距离回风侧20.5~27.5 m;2条埋管抽采最佳错距为距底板高1.1,1.7 m,深入采空区11.3,20.8 m。优化后的布置参数应用于现场实践,试验工作面回采期间上隅角瓦斯体积分数保持在0.7%以下。研究结果能够实现近距离薄煤层群开采条件下卸压瓦斯高效抽采,保证矿井安全高效生产。

采煤机截割部振动特性研究

为了解决采煤机截割部截割夹矸煤层易损坏的问题,以MG2×55/250-BW型薄煤层采煤机为研究对象,利用数值模拟软件对滚筒截割过程进行仿真研究,发现随着截割时间的增大,此时滚筒受载呈现不规律波动情况。同时对不同牵引速度及滚筒转速下滚筒受载均值及极值进行研究,发现随着牵引速度的增大,此时的螺旋滚筒受载均值及受载最大值均呈现出逐步增大的趋势;而随着滚筒转速的增大,此时滚筒受载的均值及最大值均呈现逐步降低的趋势;给出最佳牵引速度为4.5 m/min、滚筒转速为85 r/min,此时的截割效率及截割系数综合较佳。

叠加扰动下的薄煤层采煤机自主调速截割控制技术

常规采煤机调速截割控制多采用直接转矩控制技术,该方法易受到煤层应力集中系数的影响,导致控制后的截割比能耗较大,控制效果不佳。为此,提出叠加扰动下的薄煤层采煤机自主调速截割控制技术。根据薄煤层力学模型,分析采煤机滚筒在叠加扰动下的受力情况,并参照煤层的临界宽度计算煤层的应力集中系数,结合截齿修正函数对煤层截割阻抗进行识别,分析采煤机的截割运动参数,并对其进行优化。采用模糊控制原理,设计调速截割控制策略,通过调整截割阻力范围实现对采煤机调速截割控制。以实际采煤矿区为例,运用所提方法对实验采煤机进行自主调速截割控制。结果表明,设计的方法能够良好地控制采煤机的牵引速度,得到的截割比能耗较低。

Application of Seismic Inversion Using Logging Data as Constraints in Coalfield

Seismic inversion and basic theory are briefly presented and the main idea of this method is introduced. Both non-linear wave equation inversion technique and Complete Utilization of Samples Information (CUSI) neural network analysis are used in lithological interpretation in Jibei coal field. The prediction results indicate that this method can provide reliable data for thin coal exploitation and promising area evaluation.

采煤机可调高拖缆装置的设计

采煤机是采煤工作的主体设备,供电线缆通过拖缆结构与移动的采煤机保持联接。在采煤机正常工作时需要电缆持续不断地供电,避免其运行时挤压、弯折供电线缆是采煤工作持续高效进行的保证之一。部分采煤机拖行电缆会出现线缆弯折、层叠的情况,为防止影响工作面正常生产,需要抬高拖行电缆以通过叠高的供电线缆。为此,拖缆装置应具备在不改变拖缆水平距离的情况下向上抬高一定距离的能力。介绍一种带有可拉伸铰接板的拖缆装置,通过滑动铰接板的伸缩配合延长臂架以适应拖行电缆的需要,结构简单易于实现,可投入生产使用。

急倾斜采煤机牵引系统研究

对满足采高1.2~2.0 m、适应最大倾角68°的急倾斜薄煤层采煤机牵引传动系统关键技术进行研究。分别研究了紧凑型大扭矩牵引传动系统总体技术、急倾斜高可靠性行走系统、重载调速和负荷平衡技术三方面关键内容,可有效提高急倾斜薄煤层采煤机的牵引爬坡能力和控制可靠性。该研究成果已在四川达竹集团、川煤集团等国内大型煤炭生产企业推广应用,极大促进了急倾斜采煤机技术的进步和煤矿生产效率的提高,为复杂地质条件下急倾斜薄煤层的安全开采提供了装备技术保障,推广应用前景十分广阔。

薄煤层工作面切顶卸压留巷技术研究

为提高矿井煤炭资源回收率并提高煤炭开采效率,结合3503综采工作面开采煤层厚度薄的特点,针对性提出切顶卸压留巷技术方案,并进行工程应用。在回风巷切顶卸压留巷期间,通过锚索超前补强可提高留巷段顶板强度,为留巷工作开展创造良好条件;使用DCA-45型切缝机提高切顶钻孔施工质量,通过聚能爆破方式提高切缝效果;在滞后支护段采用密集单体进行补强,可减少采动压力、采空区顶板垮落等对留巷段围岩变形影响。现场应用后,留巷段顶板在滞后采面30 m范围内下沉量增加速度较快,随着与采面距离增加留巷段下沉量逐渐趋稳,最终下沉量控制在165 mm以内。

A Comparative Study of the Coal-forming Characteristics of Marginal Sea Basins and Epicontinental Sea Basins

The coal-forming characteristics,as well as the similarities and differences between epicontinental sea basins and continental marginal sea basins developed during different time periods,were analyzed in this study by adopting comparative analysis thoughts and methods.The results obtained in this study revealed that epicontinental basins and marginal sea basins are both characterized by the main development of thin coal seams or extremely thin coal seams.In addition,changes in sea levels were determined to be the main controlling factors for coal formation,and there were similarities in the continent-sea interactions and coal-forming sedimentary systems of the different basins.However,there were also significant differences observed in the sea level change events,basin basement structural characteristics,coal seam stability levels,accumulation and aggregation characteristics,and the migration patterns of coal-forming materials.For example,the marginal sea basins in the South China Sea were found to be characterized by strong tectonic activities,diversity and complexity.The basin structures showed complex patterns of depressions,uplifts and concave or sag uplifts,which tended to lead to greater complexity in the paleogeographic patterns of the coal formations.This had subsequently resulted in complex coal-forming processes and paleogeographic characteristics,in which the coal-forming zones displayed bead-like distributions,and the enrichment areas and centers were scattered.The practical significance of studying the similarities and differences of the coal-forming characteristics between epicontinental basins and marginal sea basins is that the results can potentially be used to guide the predictions of coal-measure coal seam distributions in South China Sea,as well as provide valuable guidance for future explorations of natural gas reservoirs related to coal measures in the South China Sea area.