Quantum dynamics within curved thin layers with deviation

Combining the deviation between thin layers' adjacent surfaces with the confining potential method applied to the quantum curved systems,we derive the effective Schr?dinger equation describing the particle constrained within a curved layer,accompanied by a general geometric potential V_(gq) composed of a compression-corrected geometric potential V_(gq)~*and a novel potential V_(gq)~(**) brought by the deviation.Applying this analysis to the cylindrical layer emerges two types of deviation-induced geometric potential,resulting from the the cases of slant deviation and tangent deviation,respectively,which strongly renormalizes the purely geometric potential and contribute to the energy spectrum based on a very substantial deepening of bound states they offer.

Thin Layer Identification of Jiedu Shengxue Granules and Determination of Notoginsenoside R1 Content

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of hospital preparation Jiedu Shengxue granules.[Methods]Scleromitrion diffusum and Prunella vulgaris in Jiedu Shengxue granules were qualitatively identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was established to determine the content of notoginsenoside R1 in the granule.[Results]The traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Jiedu Shengxue granules could be identified by TLC,and the characteristic spots were stable and clear.Notoginsenoside R1 had a good linear relationship in the range of 10.45-104.5μg/mL,with an average recovery of 98.52%and RSD=2.36%.[Conclusions]TLC and HPLC,as the quality control methods of Jiedu Shengxue granules,have high accuracy and good repeatability,which lays a foundation for the quality control of this mixture.

Determination of Natural Logarithm of Diffusion Coefficient and Activation Energy of Thin Layer Drying Process of Ginger Rhizome Slices

This study is an extension of the previous work done with ARS-680 Environmental Chamber. Drying is a complex operation that demands much energy and time. Drying is essentially important for preservation of ginger rhizome. Drying of ginger was modeled, and then the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy were determined. For this purpose, the experiments were done at six levels of varied temperatures: 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and 60°C. The values of effective diffusion coefficients obtained in this work for the variously treated ginger rhizomes closely agreed with the average effective diffusion coefficients of other notable authors who determined the drying kinetics and convective heat transfer coefficients of ginger slices.

Preparation Process and Thin Layer Chromatography Identification of Wufang Babu Poultice

[Objectives] To establish the process flow of preparation of Wufang Babu Poultice and the identification method of thin layer chromatography (TLC). [Methods] For the forming process of Wufang Babu Poultice, the preparation method of mixed pharmaceutical powder with suitable pharmaceutical excipients was adopted. Qualitative identification of medicinal materials in Wufang Babu Poultice (Strychni Semen, Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma, Dipsaci Radix, and Angelicae Sinensis Radix) was carried out by TLC. [Results] Mixed pharmaceutical powder mixed with glycerol, gelatin and other pharmaceutical excipients can be prepared for forming. The test solution chromatography of each medicinal material (Strychni Semen, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Dipsaci Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix) showed pigment spots of the same color at the same position as its corresponding control medicinal materials and reference chromatography, and the display was clear. [Conclusions] The preparation process is simple and feasible, and can be used as the forming process of Wufang Babu Poultice. The TLC determination method is simple to operate, has good specificity, and has no effect on negative results, and can be used for identification of Wufang Babu Poultice.

Early Stage Hydration Mechanism of Cellulose Ether Modified Thin Layer Cement Pastes

The early stage hydration mechanism of cellulose ether modified thin layer cement pastes was studied, using brick as the matrix. Samples of 6 h, 24 h, and 3 d and 7 d hydration time were analyzed to study the hydration law on the surface of high water-absorbing matrix. Hydration products were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively analyzed using XRD, TG-DSC-DTG, FTIR and SEM. The experimental results show that there is no enough water for 2 mm thick cement pastes to hydrate, because of rapid water absorption of matrix. Trace amounts of Ca （OH）2 was detected after three days hydration. With the prolongation of hydration time, the category and concentration of hydration products do not change. Compared with 2 mm thick cement pastes, 6 mm thick cement pastes and 10 mm thick cement pastes have lower dehydration rate and water loss. The humidity field of the cement paste show different changes within the same time. 6 mm thick cement paste and 10 mm thick cement pastes have longer time and more water to hydrate. Ca（OH）2 and ettringite were detected after 6 hours hydration and the concentrations of hydration products increased from 24 hours to 7 days.

Measurement of Attenuation of Ultrasonic Propagating through the Thin Layer Media with Time Delay Spectrum

The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient is one of the most important acoustic parameters to character the performance of a thin layer media, but it can not be measured due to mutual superposition of multiple reflected waves at the same interface in ultrasonic testing. Ultrasonic pulse echo and lamb wave to evaluate the thin layer media can not obtain attenuation coefficient at present. In this paper, analytical method was used to study the acoustics characteristic of thin layer media with the ultrasonic echo testing. Meanwhile, the process of ultrasonic attenuation measurement was presented. Simulation and experimental investigation is focused on a thin layer of rubber. Attenuation coefficient was introduced and evaluation mathematics model was established by the two echoes cross-correlation with and without the thin layer media based on the time delay spectrum. It involved the parameters related to the acoustic properties of the thin layer media. Through calculating the sound velocity and acoustic impedance with the evaluation model, it can deduce the relation between the attenuation coefficient and the frequency. Through analyzing the simulation results, it indicated that the attenuation coefficients were invariable with the varying of the frequency. However, the attenuation coefficients increased with the frequency increasing by ultrasonic testing the thin layer of rubber. The reason was that the attenuation factor was not taken into account during the simulation. This method overcomes shortcomings that the traditional ultrasonic testing can not evaluate the thin layer media whose thickness is less than motivation wavelength. It is a new solution to study the attenuation characteristic and on-line nondestructive evaluation in the thin layer media.

Secondary metabolite credentials ofEvolvulus alsinoides by high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)

Plants and plant-based products are the bases of many modern pharmaceuticals that are current in use today for various diseases.The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical constituents and high performance thin layer chromatography（HPTLC） finger printing of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides.Phytochemical screening was done by standard procedures and HPTLC method was also established to analyze alkaloids,flavonoids and phenolic compounds from the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides.Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that ethanol extracted more secondary metabolites than other solvents.HPTLC fingerprinting analysis showed the presence of various alkaloids,flavonoids and phenols（quercetin） in the ethanolic extract.It can be concluded that Evolvulus alsinoides may serve as a source of potent antioxidants that may be used in the prevention of various diseases such as cancer,diabetes and cardiovascular diseases due to the presence of phenolic compounds.HPTLC finger print of Evolvulus alsinoides may be useful in the differentiation of the species from adulterants and act as a biochemical marker for this medicinally important plant in the pharmaceutical industry and plant systematic studies.

Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction-thin layer chromatography with solid-phase extraction-high-performance thin layer chromatography in detection of urinary morphine

Liquid-liquid extraction-thin layer chromatography （LLE-TLC） has been a common and routine combined method for detection of drugs in biological materials. Solid-phase extraction （SPE） is gradually replacing the tra- ditional LLE method. High performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC） has several advantages over TLC. The present work studied the higher efficiency of a new SPE-HPTLC method over that of a routine LLE-TLC method, in extraction and detection of urinary morphine. Fifty-eight urine samples, primarily identified as mor- phine-positive samples by a strip test, ＇were re-screened by LLE-TLC and SPE-HPTLC. The results of LLE-TLC and SPE-HPTLC were then compared with each other. The results showed that the SPE-HPTLC detected 74% of total samples as morphine-positive samples whereas the LLE-TLC detected 48% of the same samples. We further discussed the effect of codeine abuse on TLC analysis of urinary morphine. Regarding the importance of morphine detection in urine, the present combined SPE-HPTLC method is suggested as a replacement method for detection of urinary morphine by many reference laboratories.

Effect of SDBS on interfacial electron transfer at the liquid/liquid interface by thin layer method

The effect of an adsorbed anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） on electron transfer （ET） reaction between ferricyanide aqueous solution and decamethylferrocene （DMFc） located on the adjacent organic phase was investigated for the first time by thin layer method. The adsorption of SDBS at the interface resulted in a decay in the cathodic plateau current of bimolecular reaction with increasing concentrations of SDBS in aqueous phase. However, the rate constant of electron transfer （ket） increased monotonically as the SDBS concentrations increased from 0 to 200 p, moFL. The experimental results showed that SDBS formed patches on the interface and influenced the structure of electrical double layer. 2009 Xiao Quan Lu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Determination of the parameters of a linear-viscoelastic thin layer using the normally-incident ultrasonic waves

This paper proposes a method of simultaneous determination of the four layer parameters （mass density, longitudinal velocity, the thickness and attenuation） of an immersed linear-viscoelastic thin layer by using the normally-incident reflected and transmitted ultrasonic waves. The analytical formula of the layer thickness related to the measured trans- mitted transfer functions is derived. The two determination steps of the four layer parameters are developed, in which acoustic impedance, time-of-flight and attenuation are first determined by the reflected transfer functions. Using the derived formula, it successively calculates and determines the layer thickness, longitudinal velocity and mass density by the measured transmitted transfer functions. According to the two determination steps, a more feasible and simplified measurement setups is described. It is found that only three signals （the reference waves, the reflected and transmitted waves） need to be recorded in the whole measurement for the determination of the four layer parameters. A study of the stability of the determination method against the experimental noises and the error analysis of the four layer parameters are made. This study lays the theoretical foundation of the practical measurement of a linear-viscoelastic thin layer.

Evaluation of quantitative variation of secondary metabolites in Bergenia ciliata(Haw.)using high performance thin layer chromatography

Dear Editor： Therapeutically active metabolite contents in a med- icinal plant vary in nature, which may impact on its therapeutic efficacy. Bergenia （Saxifragaceae） is an evergreen perennial herb widely distributed in Central and East Asia with about 30 species reported worldwide. It grows at a range of altitudes from the Khasia hills at 400 feet to the temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan at 7,000-10,000 feet. Its distribution over a wide range of altitudinal zones makes it a good candidate for studying variations in its metabolic profiles under different climatic conditions. Bergenin （C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid） has been identified as a potent active secondary metabolite in Bergenia and other therapeutically active constituents including, among others, gallic acid （3,4,5 trihydroxybenzoic acid）, （＋） catechin, and gallicin （Fig. 1）.

A Convective Thin Layer Drying Model with Shrinkage for Kent Mango Slices

In this work, a model of convective drying of mango slices was developed and validated by experiments. This model was established by considering slices shrinkage in the energy and the mass balances during the thin layer drying. The drying kinetics and the temperature curves of the product were simulated using the model at various drying temperatures. The simulated curves were then compared to the experimental curves obtained using a convective dryer controlled in temperature and moisture. The results showed that the drying curves were suitably fitted by the thin layer drying model with a correlation coefficient r2 = 0.997. Thus, taking shrinkage into account, it is possible to predict more effectively the thin layer drying kinetics of mango slices. This study therefore contributed to the mango drying modelling and to the mango dryer setting.

Increasing analyzable steel thickness for thin layer activation experiments

The thin layer activation technique(TLA)is very effective in wear analysis for tribological systems where disassembly is costly or impractical.Since its development in the 1970s,TLA has been applied through direct irradiation of solid targets using ionizing particle beams to obtain an activation with a specific profile.This profile is then used to measure wear in a variety of experiments.These experiments rely heavily on how deep the normalized activation occurs.Depths of 30μm to 50μm are obtained for constant activation by the standard method,which for many experiments is sufficient.However,many others would benefit greatly from a 300μm constant activation layer,such as high-performance engines,softer alloys(brakes),and oil transport systems.Achieving this aim was the goal of this paper.First,we needed to find an adequate irradiation line for the TLA technique.Then,another technique/system was developed(the Attenuation Wheel),which would bring the depth of constant activation from 50μm to 300μm.

On the viability of wearing evaluation by Thin Layer Activation in the presence of non-occupationally exposed individuals

Thin Layer Activation is a nuclear technique that has key advantages over other wear measuring techniques for mechanical systems,especially for in site experiments on equipment important to safety in nuclear plants.Still,it incurs radioactive dose and,thus,must be proved radiologically safe before use,otherwise,the utilization of this technique may be hindered inviable.Proving said technique is safe previous to any operational/monetary cost is key,providing a methodology for this early assertion is the main contribution of this work—here,only non-occupationally exposed individuals are considered.This work offers a methodology,through a case study,to ascertain the Thin Layer Activation parameters to obtain safe levels of radioactive dose while maintaining statistically reliable results.This methodology consists of using simulations,through the Monte Carlo Method,to obtain the floors and ceilings for the previously mentioned activation parameters based on operation and work conditions on site.

Application of Thin Layer Chromatography in Preparation of Drug Containing Serum of Eucalyptus Oil

[Objectives] To explore whether the thin layer chromatography( TLC) can be used to guide the preparation of drug containing serum of eucalyptus oil. [Methods]Eucalyptus oil samples with different dilution ratio were detected by TLC. Eucalyptus oil was intragastrically administered to mice,serum samples of different eucalyptus oil doses,different intragastric administration methods and different blood sampling times were collected. The above samples were detected by TLC,and the above results were verified by gas chromatography. [Results] TLC can detect concentration difference of eucalyptus oil samples with different dilution ratio. TLC can provide qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of eucalyptus oil in serum. High,medium and low dose of eucalyptus oil in serum had different effects on the growth of MCF-7 cells in the SD rats( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions] TLC can be used to guide the preparation of drug containing serum of eucalyptus oil.

A NOVEL OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT THIN LAYER ELECTRODE FOR IN SITU IR SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY

A novel design of IR OTTLE is shown to have sufficient sensitivity and experi- mental simplicity for obtaining IR spectra of the species generated during electrochemical oxidation-reduction.

DETERMINING THE CONTENT OF JASMINODIN IN MEI RONG CAPSULE WITH THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

Objective Jasminodin in Mei Rong capsule was determined by the method or thin layer chromatog- raphy. Mothods The sample Jasminodin was extracted with methanol and then the extract was chromatographed on silica gel GF254 plate with chloroform-methanol-water(10:3:1) as mobile phase and the chromatograms were scanned by using Shimadzu CS-930 dual wavelength TLCS in zegzag scanning mode at λ_s 370nm and λR 250nm. Results Callbration graph was rectilinear between 2.7μg^16.2μg per spot for the jasminodin. Conclusion Satisfa- tory results were obtained with the average recovery ratio of 99.76%,RSD 2.27%.

Identification of Ethnic Medicine Polygonum capitatum by Thin Layer Chromatography

[Objectives]To establish a thin-layer chromatography identification method for the ethnic medicinal materials of Polygonum capitatum.[Methods]The thin layer chromatography(TLC)method was used to identify materials.[Results]The TLC identification showed that in the chromatogram of the test sample,there were spots of the same color in the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference medicinal material,and the reproducibility was good.[Conclusions]The TLC identification and the determination results of the inspection items can provide a basis for the quality control of the medicinal materials of P.capitatum.

A Semi-Vectorial Morphological Segmentation Multi-Component Images of Coumarins on Thin Layer Combined with Laser for Better Separation

In this work, we propose an approach for the separation of coumarins from thin-layer morphological segmentation based on the acquisition of multicomponent images integrating different types of coumarins. The first step is to make a segmentation by region, by thresholding, by contour, etc. of each component of the digital image. Then, we proceeded to the calculations of parameters of the regions such as the color standard deviation, the color entropy, the average color of the pixels, the eccentricity from an algorithm on the matlab software. The mean color values atR = 91.20 in red, atB = 213.21 in blue showed the presence of samidin in the extract. The color entropy values HG = 5.25 in green and HB = 4.04 in blue also show the presence of visnadine in the leaves of Desmodium adscendens. These values are used to consolidate the database of separation and discrimination of the types of coumarins. The relevance of our coumarin separation or coumarin recognition method has been highlighted compared to other methods, such as the one based on the calculation of frontal ratios which cannot discriminate between two coumarins having the same frontal ratio. The robustness of our method is proven with respect to the separation and identification of some coumarins, in particular samidin and anglicine.

Uniform AlF_3 thin layer to improve rate capability of LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3) Mn_(1/3)O_2 material for Li-ion batteries

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was coated with uniform nano-sized AlF3 layer by chemical precipitation method to improve its rate capability.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),charge-discharge cycling,cyclic voltammetry (CV),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).Uniform coated layer with a thickness of about 3 nm was observed on the surface of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 particle by TEM.At 0.5C and 2C rates,1.5% (mass fraction) AlF3-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/Li in 2.8-4.3 V versus Li/Li+ after 80 cycles showed less than 3% of capacity fading,while those of the bare one were 16.5% and 45.9%,respectively.At 5C rate,the capacity retention of the coated sample after 50 cycles maintained 91.4% of the initial discharge capacity,while that of the bare one decreased to 52.6%.EIS result showed that a little change of charge transfer resistance of the coated sample resulting from uniform thin AlF3 layer was proposed as the main reason why its rate capability was improved obviously.CV result further indicated a greater reversibility for the electrode processes and better electrochemical performance of AlF3-coated layer.