Numerical control(NC) bending experiments with different process parameters were carried out for 5052O aluminum alloy tubes with outer diameter of 70 mm, wall thickness of 1.5 mm, and centerline bending radius of 105 ...Numerical control(NC) bending experiments with different process parameters were carried out for 5052O aluminum alloy tubes with outer diameter of 70 mm, wall thickness of 1.5 mm, and centerline bending radius of 105 mm. And the effects of process parameters on tube wall thinning and cross section distortion were investigated. Meanwhile, acceptable bending of the 5052O aluminum tubes was accomplished based on the above experiments. The results show that the effects of process parameters on bending process for large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes are similar to those for small diameter thin-walled tubes, but the forming quality of the large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes is much more sensitive to the process parameters and thus it is more difficult to form.展开更多
In three and six-axis free-bending equipment,the deformation zone length(A)is a fixed mechanical structure parameter modified when the relevant structure is redesigned and manufactured.In this study,a six degree of fr...In three and six-axis free-bending equipment,the deformation zone length(A)is a fixed mechanical structure parameter modified when the relevant structure is redesigned and manufactured.In this study,a six degree of freedom(6-DOF)parallel mechanism was used as the control mechanism of the bending die,and a new method of changing the deformation zone length(A)was proposed.Firstly,an idealized geometric model of free bending-based active motion was established.Then,the influence of the deformation zone length(A)on the bending moment and the bending radius of the tube was analyzed.In addition,the finite element simulation and a kinematic model of free bending-based active motion controlled by the 6-DOF parallel mechanism were established,and bending processes of the SS304 tube with different deformation zone lengths were investigated.Afterwards,the impact of the deformation zone length(A)on the bending radius,bending moment,wall thickness,and motion of the parallel mechanism were analyzed.Finally,experiments were carried out on the free-bending equipment based on the 6-DOF parallel mechanism.Experiments verified the rules in the theoretical analysis,finite element simulation,and kinematic simulation.展开更多
With increasing diameters of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs), the tube forming limits, i.e. the minimum bending factors, and their predictions under multi-index constraints including wrinkling, thinning and f...With increasing diameters of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs), the tube forming limits, i.e. the minimum bending factors, and their predictions under multi-index constraints including wrinkling, thinning and flattening have been being a key problem to be urgently solved for improving tube forming potential in numerical control (NC) bending processes of AATTs with large diameters. Thus in this paper, a search algorithm of the forming limits is put forward based on a 3D elastic-plastic finite element (FE) model and a wrinkling energy prediction model for the bending processes under axial compression loading (ACL) or not. This algorithm enables to be considered the effects of process parameter combinations including die, friction parameters on the multi-indices. Based on this algorithm, the forming limits of the different size tubes are obtained, and the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are also revealed. The followings are found: the first, within the appropriate ranges of friction and clearances between the different dies and the tubes enabling the bending processes with smaller bending factors, the ACL enables the tube limit bending processes after a decrease of the mandrel ball thickness and diameters; then, without considering the effects of the tube geometry sizes on the tube constitutive equations, the forming limits will be decided by the limit thinning values for the tubes with diameters smaller than 80 mm, while the wrinkling for the tubes with diameters no less than 80 mm. The forming limits obtained from this algorithm are smaller than the analytical results, and reduced by 57.39%; the last, the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are verified by experimental results.展开更多
Tube thinning control without wrinkling occurring is a key problem urgently to be solved for improving the forming qualities in numerical control (NC) bending processes of large-diameter Al-alloy thin-walled tubes ...Tube thinning control without wrinkling occurring is a key problem urgently to be solved for improving the forming qualities in numerical control (NC) bending processes of large-diameter Al-alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs). It may be a way solving this problem to exert axial compression loads (ACL) on the tube end in the bending. Thus, this article establishes a three-dimensional (3D) elastic-plastic explicit finite element (FE) model for the bending under ACL and has its reliability verified. Through a multi-index orthogonal experiment design, a combination of process parameters, each expressed by a proper range, for this FE model is derived to overcome the compression instability on tube ends. By combining the FE model with a wrinkling energy prediction model, an in-depth study is conducted on the forming characteristics of large-diameter AATTs with small bending radii and it can be concluded that (1) The larger the tube diameters and the smaller the bending radii, the larger the induced tangent tension stress zones on tube intrados, by which the tube maximum tangent compression stress zones will be partitioned in the bending processes; thus, the smaller the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees and the larger the compression instability possibilities on tube ends. (2) The tube wrinkling possibilities under ACL are larger than without ACL acting in the earlier forming periods, and smaller in the later ones. (3) For the tubes with a size factor less than 80, the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees are stronger than in increasing wrinkling possibilities.展开更多
基金Project(50225518) supported by the National Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young ScholarsProject(59975076, 50175092) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(04H53057) supported by the Aviation Science Foundation of China
文摘Numerical control(NC) bending experiments with different process parameters were carried out for 5052O aluminum alloy tubes with outer diameter of 70 mm, wall thickness of 1.5 mm, and centerline bending radius of 105 mm. And the effects of process parameters on tube wall thinning and cross section distortion were investigated. Meanwhile, acceptable bending of the 5052O aluminum tubes was accomplished based on the above experiments. The results show that the effects of process parameters on bending process for large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes are similar to those for small diameter thin-walled tubes, but the forming quality of the large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes is much more sensitive to the process parameters and thus it is more difficult to form.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos:U1937206,52175328,52105360)the Opening Project of State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment&Technology(No.DMETKF2021004)+3 种基金Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Project(No.BE2019007-2)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.NS2021046)Ningbo"science and technology innovation 2025"major special project(No.2020Z078)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200453).
文摘In three and six-axis free-bending equipment,the deformation zone length(A)is a fixed mechanical structure parameter modified when the relevant structure is redesigned and manufactured.In this study,a six degree of freedom(6-DOF)parallel mechanism was used as the control mechanism of the bending die,and a new method of changing the deformation zone length(A)was proposed.Firstly,an idealized geometric model of free bending-based active motion was established.Then,the influence of the deformation zone length(A)on the bending moment and the bending radius of the tube was analyzed.In addition,the finite element simulation and a kinematic model of free bending-based active motion controlled by the 6-DOF parallel mechanism were established,and bending processes of the SS304 tube with different deformation zone lengths were investigated.Afterwards,the impact of the deformation zone length(A)on the bending radius,bending moment,wall thickness,and motion of the parallel mechanism were analyzed.Finally,experiments were carried out on the free-bending equipment based on the 6-DOF parallel mechanism.Experiments verified the rules in the theoretical analysis,finite element simulation,and kinematic simulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 59975076, 50175092, 50905144)the National Science Found of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 50225518)
文摘With increasing diameters of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs), the tube forming limits, i.e. the minimum bending factors, and their predictions under multi-index constraints including wrinkling, thinning and flattening have been being a key problem to be urgently solved for improving tube forming potential in numerical control (NC) bending processes of AATTs with large diameters. Thus in this paper, a search algorithm of the forming limits is put forward based on a 3D elastic-plastic finite element (FE) model and a wrinkling energy prediction model for the bending processes under axial compression loading (ACL) or not. This algorithm enables to be considered the effects of process parameter combinations including die, friction parameters on the multi-indices. Based on this algorithm, the forming limits of the different size tubes are obtained, and the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are also revealed. The followings are found: the first, within the appropriate ranges of friction and clearances between the different dies and the tubes enabling the bending processes with smaller bending factors, the ACL enables the tube limit bending processes after a decrease of the mandrel ball thickness and diameters; then, without considering the effects of the tube geometry sizes on the tube constitutive equations, the forming limits will be decided by the limit thinning values for the tubes with diameters smaller than 80 mm, while the wrinkling for the tubes with diameters no less than 80 mm. The forming limits obtained from this algorithm are smaller than the analytical results, and reduced by 57.39%; the last, the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are verified by experimental results.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (59975076, 50175092)National Science Fund of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (50225518)
文摘Tube thinning control without wrinkling occurring is a key problem urgently to be solved for improving the forming qualities in numerical control (NC) bending processes of large-diameter Al-alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs). It may be a way solving this problem to exert axial compression loads (ACL) on the tube end in the bending. Thus, this article establishes a three-dimensional (3D) elastic-plastic explicit finite element (FE) model for the bending under ACL and has its reliability verified. Through a multi-index orthogonal experiment design, a combination of process parameters, each expressed by a proper range, for this FE model is derived to overcome the compression instability on tube ends. By combining the FE model with a wrinkling energy prediction model, an in-depth study is conducted on the forming characteristics of large-diameter AATTs with small bending radii and it can be concluded that (1) The larger the tube diameters and the smaller the bending radii, the larger the induced tangent tension stress zones on tube intrados, by which the tube maximum tangent compression stress zones will be partitioned in the bending processes; thus, the smaller the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees and the larger the compression instability possibilities on tube ends. (2) The tube wrinkling possibilities under ACL are larger than without ACL acting in the earlier forming periods, and smaller in the later ones. (3) For the tubes with a size factor less than 80, the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees are stronger than in increasing wrinkling possibilities.