Clinical evaluation of HPV DNA test combined with liquid-based cytology in the diagnosis of cervical disease

Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of the HPV DNA test in conjunction with thin prep cytology test as a screening method of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. To study either the cervical erosion is related to high risk HPV infection or to determine the mean age distribution that is more prone to HPV infection. Material and Methods: The study is a retrospective cohort implemented to determine the real performance of liquid based medium and HPV DNA testing combined in second clinical hospital of Jilin University Changchun, China. The study group included total 150 patients from January 1, 2011 to December 30, 2012. A computerized search identified patients with thin prep test results and high risk HPV DNA testing during a 2-year period was recruited. The patients were chosen after proper speculum examination followed by thin prep cytology (TCT) and HPV DNA test. Cytologic specimens were obtained with endocervical brush, which was rinsed into the vial of Cytyc. The residual samples after the cytology report were taken for reflex HPV DNA test. The manufacture protocol was followed for HPV DNA testing using Hybrid Capture II. Colposcopic biopsy was performed for the diagnosis purpose, in patients who had atypical squamous cells of undeter-mined significance (AUS-US), low grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in cytology and with positive results of highrisk HPV DNA. The diagnostic criteria were based on the Bethesda System (TBS). Findings: The high risk HPV positive women with abnormal cytology had a CIN I risk of 73 (86%), whereas 35 (23.3%) high-risk HPV positive women out of 109 (72.7%) normal cytology who underwent histological biopsy had CIN I 16 (10.7%). The risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with high-risk HPV positive with normal cytology was higher among women invited for the first time 31 - 40 years of age 12 (8%) than among older women 1 (0.7%). Out of 44 (29.3%) women who had I degree erosion with 6 (14%) positive HPV DNA test 38 (86%) had a normal histology biopsy showing no statically significant between them. Conclusion: The data confirm that HR-HPV DNA testing is much more sensitive than cytology alone and that HPV DNA testing helps in identifying women with high risk of serious cervical disease in an efficient and medically acceptable manner. The other most significant advantage of this cervical cancer screening method is that women who are HPV DNA positive can easily and quickly referred for colposcopic examination (within one year), which could identify the precancerous and cancer stage. And those who are HPV DNA negative can safely have much longer screening intervals saving considerable costs. With mean age being 38 ± 10 years, age older than 30 years should undergo HPV DNA testing with cytology triage in primary screening. But in woman younger than 30 years using HPV DNA assay, as an initial screening step can increase the prevalence of abnormal smears and the positive predictive value of HPV followed by TCT. However, close follow-up is essential if the initial biopsy is negative because a considerable number of women may have HPV infection positive in subsequent studies.

Cytological Changes of Oral Cavity and of High/Low Risk HPV Detection in Women with Cervical Pathology

Oropharyngeal tumor is the eight most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Among the causes of oropharyngeal carcinoma significant are cigarette smoking, abuse of alcohol, multi-partners, high risk HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and etc. Cytological material (oral Pap smear) was taken from oral fundus and cheek mucous by the cytobrush. 47 participants with cervix pathology and 42 participants of the control group were investigated. Oral smears were stained by the Papanicolaou method and were diagnosed by a double blind method. After the cytological examination, we carried out detecting low and high risk HPV by chromogenic in-situ hy-bridization (CISH method) to use a positive and negative control. The quantitative statistical analysis was performed by SPSS V.19.0. Numeral data were processed using Pearson correlation and X2 tests. Confidence interval of 95% was regarded statistically significant. Study group’s oral pap smear with atypical cytology was detected in 61.7%. Atypical cytological changes in the control group were confirmed in 38.0%. High risk HPV detection by the CISH, in study group, showed positivity in 46.8% and in the control group—in 4.8%. Participants with cervix pathology will be considered as a risk-group to develop oropharyngeal tumor. Screening program for oropharyngeal cancer combines Pap smear and high risk HPV test together. For the control group, it is recommended to use oral pap smear and in the case of atypical changes using high risk HPV test too.

Follow-up study on ThinPrep cytology test-positive patients in tropical regions

BACKGROUND As shown in the statistics from the World Health Organization,it is estimated that approximately 75000 new cases of cervical cancer occur every year in China.In 2008,33000 people died of cervical cancer in China.It is proven that most women are at risk of cervical cancer.The progression from human papillomavirus(HPV)infection to cervical cancer can be several years or decades,which offers a unique opportunity to prevent cancer.AIM To observe the changes in ThinPrep cytology tests(TCT)and HPV infection in patients who were detected to be positive via TCT screening of cervical cancer and further explore the biopsy results.METHODS This paper performed a follow-up study on 206 cervical cancer screening-positive patients of 12231 total cases from our previous research.We conducted an observational study on the TCT results based on the interpretation of The Bethesda System.RESULTS Over a 5-year period,10 cases received consistent follow-up.The proportions of cases in which glandular epithelial lesions were detected increased over the follow-up period.The differences between the years were statistically significant(P<0.01).Over the 5 years,the proportion of patients whose squamous epithelial lesions transformed into glandular epithelial lesions increased yearly.Annual positive rates of HPV infection were:year 1,73%(24/33);year 2,43%(6/14);year 3,36%(9/25);year 4,50%(9/18);and year 5,25%(6/24).The positive detection rate after biopsy over a 9-year period was 29%.CONCLUSION The follow-up study for 5 years to 9 years revealed a tendency to change from squamous epithelial lesions to glandular epithelial lesions and an improvement of the disease(which had not been reported previously).The HPV test indicated a high negative conversion ratio of the viral infection.However,the follow-up cases were not found to have persistent infection of high-risk HPV.Therefore,early intervention of cervical cancer screening is necessary.Low re-examination compliance,patient education,and preventive measures should be enhanced.

Effectiveness of Co-Testing in Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Macao SAR

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern in Macao SAR despite the implementation of a cervical cancer screening program and HPV vaccination. To improve early detection, Macao SAR introduced HPV DNA testing alongside cytology (co-testing) as the primary screening method in 2019. This study evaluates the effectiveness of co-testing in identifying cervical precancerous lesions (CIN2+) compared to cytology alone. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of women aged 30 - 65 years who participated in the routine cervical cancer screening program in Macao SAR Primary Healthcare Centers from 2019 to 2022. Data from over 70,000 women were analyzed, comparing the detection rates of CIN2+ through co-testing and cytology alone. Women with abnormal cytology or positive HPV results were referred for colposcopy. Results: The introduction of co-testing led to a significant increase in the detection of CIN2+, particularly in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) cytology results. Between 2019 and 2022, the percentage of women with ASCUS/NILM and any high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positive who were diagnosed with CIN2+ after colposcopy were 24%, 13%, 10% and 7.5% respectively. This highlights the ability of co-testing to identify high-risk individuals who would have been missed by cytology alone. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of co-testing in improving the sensitivity of cervical cancer screening in Macao SAR. The inclusion of HPV DNA testing allows for better risk stratification of women with ASCUS/NILM cytology, leading to more targeted referrals for colposcopy and timely detection of precancerous lesions. The initial high positive rate in 2019 (24%) might be attributed to the small sample size and potentially reflects a backlog of undiagnosed cases prior to co-testing implementation. Conclusion: The implementation of co-testing in Macao SAR’s cervical cancer screening program significantly improves the early detection of precancerous lesions, particularly in women with ambiguous cytology results. This proactive approach contributes to reducing cervical cancer morbidity and mortality and improving women’s health outcomes in Macao SAR.

p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology used for triage in cervical cancer opportunistic screening

Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of p16/Ki-67 dual stain used as a triage in cervical cancer screening.Methods:In this study,we did 468 p16/Ki-67 dual stain in human papillomavirus(HPV)16/18-positive or 12 other high-risk HPV(OHR-HPV)positive Thinprep cytologic test(TCT)atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS)/lower-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL)women.We evaluated the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)of the triage test.Results:The sensitivity,specificity,PPV and NPV of p16/Ki-67 dual stain in HPV 16/18-positive women were91.5%/68.4%,77.0%/75.0%,73.9%/59.1%and 92.8%/81.8%.In 12 OHR-HPV positive TCT ASCUS/LSIL women,the results were 79.1%/95.0%,88.5%/66.7%,88.5%/70.4%and 89.2%/94.1%.The risk of precancerous lesions in p16/Ki-67 dual stain positive cases was much higher than before,and the negative cases had lower risk.Besides,there was no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)III case missed after triaged by p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology.In p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology positive women with benign pathology or CIN I,the 1-year progression rate is 20.5%and in p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology negative women,the 1-year progression rate is5.6%.Conclusions:hr-HPV genotyping test plays an important role in cervical cancer screening.p16/Ki-67 dual stain may be a promising triage test.As for chronic cervicitis or CIN I patients,a positive p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology suggests a high risk in progression and need to be followed up closely.

Genetic testing vs microforceps biopsy in pancreatic cysts:Systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and cytology in pancreatic cystic fluid are suboptimal for evaluation of pancreatic cystic neoplasms.Genetic testing and microforceps biopsy are promising tools for pre-operative diagnostic improvement but comparative performance of both methods is unknown.AIM To compare the accuracy of genetic testing and microforceps biopsy in pancreatic cysts referred for surgery.METHODS We performed a literature search in Medline,Scopus,and Web of Science for studies evaluating genetic testing of cystic fluid and microforceps biopsy of pancreatic cysts,with endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration(EUSFNA)prior to surgery and surgical pathology as reference standard for diagnosis.We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy for:1-benign cysts;2-mucinous low-risk cysts;3-high-risk cysts,and the diagnostic yield and rate of correctly identified cysts with microforceps biopsy and molecular analysis.We also assessed publication bias,heterogeneity,and study quality.RESULTS Eight studies,including 1206 patients,of which 203(17%)referred for surgery who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed in the systematic review,and seven studies were included in the meta-analysis.Genetic testing and microforceps biopsies were identical for diagnosis of benign cysts.Molecular analysis was superior for diagnosis of both low and high-risk mucinous cysts,with sensitivities of 0.89(95%CI:0.79-0.95)and 0.57(95%CI:0.42-0.71),specificities of 0.88(95%CI:0.75-0.95)and 0.88(95%CI:0.80-0.93)and AUC of 0.9555 and 0.92,respectively.The diagnostic yield was higher in microforceps biopsies than in genetic analysis(0.73 vs 0.54,respectively)but the rates of correctly identified cysts were identical(0.73 with 95%CI:0.62-0.82 vs 0.71 with 95%CI:0.49-0.86,respectively).CONCLUSION Genetic testing and microforceps biopsies are useful second tests,with identical results in benign pancreatic cysts.Genetic analysis performs better for low-and high-risk cysts but has lower diagnostic yield.

Evaluation of Abuse Drugs and Clinical Laboratory Tests Variations in Whole Blood ＆ Urine Samples of Abusers

In this study, five hundred urine samples and five hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples of addicts in clinics of welfare organization, during detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. The all of samples were tested through as a view of clinical laboratory methods. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ~ 15 and age range of males patients were 45 ~ 15. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. First, all fresh urine and blood samples were examined to confirm presence drugs abuses, depend on their addiction and treatment, so all samples were confirmed by two tests. Then they were examined to other clinical laboratory tests. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anova one way and two ways of Anova Turkey, and p 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The p-value of this study was p = 0.0001. The results of this study were showed that 4% of abusers had mild increase in hematocrite level and 2% of narcotic drugs abusers had mild lower level of blood sugars than normal range and 4% of participants had increase liver enzymes such ALT （alanine transferase）, AST （aspartat transferase）, ALP （alkaline phosphatease） and 1% of them had renal failure. Although blood level BUN （blood urea nitrogen） and creatinin were examined to evaluation of their renal failure .The results in Tabriz/Iran undrevision of welfare organization clinics were approximately showed that positive results of addiction are in each of urine and blood samples. Because some of abusers directly consumed full long time agonist or partial agonists＇ drugs such as methadone and buprenorphine for their maintenance therapy in clinics. Also doing test on blood samples has high importance in distinguishing and confirmation of drugs abuse in samples. Also in this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis, also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse, and serum levels of some other parameters showed all abusers patients situation such as liver and renal dysfimction through clinical laboratory tests.

Correlative analysis between abnormal cervical cytology and pathology of vaginoscopic biopsy or conization

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive value of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)III/ carcinoma in situ (CIS) by correlating analysis between abnormal cervical cytologic findings and pathological diagnosis of vaginoscopic biopsies or conization.Methods: Routine cervical cytology screening was performed in 31,634 cases by fluid-based thin-layer method (ThinPrep cytology test, TCT), 948 patients had both abnormal squamous cell appearance by TCT and pathological diagnosis of vaginoscopic biopsies and /or cervical conization. The predictive value of CINIII/CIS were studied retrospectively by correlating analysis of different cytology abnormalities and pathology diagnosis.Results: Cytologically, 1,260 out of 31,634 TCT tests showed abnormal squamous cells appearance, including atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) 675 cases(2.13%), low squamous intraepithelial lesion (L-SIL) 379 cases(1.20%), high squamous intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL)176 cases(0.56%),cancer 30 cases (0.09%). Among 948 patients with pathological diagnosis, there were CINII-III in 70 cases(7.38%) and CINIII/CIS in 56 cases.(5.91%). The relative risks (RR) of different precancerous TCT results in predicting CIN III/CIS validated by pathology are as follow: AUSCUS 14.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.0-27.0), Lsil 13.9% (95% CI 6.3-30.9), Hsil 126.1 (95% CI 60.6-218.6). The RR of AUSCUS group is not significantly different from that of L-SIL group(P =0.951). However, the RR of CINⅢ/CIS morbidity between the H-SIL or cancer group and the ASCUS or L-SIL group are significantly different (all P value <0.01).Conclusion: Vaginoscopic biopsy could verify pathological CINⅡ-Ⅲ and CINⅢ/CIS from cases with abnormal TCT results. There is significantly greater risk of being CINⅢ/CIS validated by vaginoscopic biopsy in the H-SILpatients,while ASCUS and L-SIL group have the coequal risk.

Concordance in the Interpretation of Cervical Cytology for the Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

Objective: To identify the diagnostic concordance in the interpretation of cervical smears. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study from October 2011 to January 2013. 50 samples were read by every 4 cyto-technologists who are the total staffs that read and interpret cytological specimens from a public health institution of the city of San Luis Potosí, México. The cytological diagnosis was confirmed by a certified pathologist. Checklist was developed to determine the quality of the interpretation composed of three sections: adequate sample, inadequate sample and cytological diagnosis. The diagnostic report was made by Bethesda System 2001 classification. Diagnostic concordance was measured through the Kappa coefficient. To establish the differences in cytological diagnosis between each cyto-technologist, chi square test was applied. Results: The concordance is acceptable in the classification of samples as inadequate (k = 0.66). The negative diagnosis was a significant concordance between each cytotechnologist and pathologist;however, no case had very good concordance. In the epithelial abnormalities, only the cytotechnologist 2 had significant concordance with the pathologist, however, its concordance is low. In the case of glandular abnormalities, only cytotechnologist 1 had no significant concordance with the pathologist. The percentage of true negatives was 30%, true positives 20%, false negatives 50% and false positives 0 %. There are significant differences between the readings of cyto-technologist 1 and 2 (p < 0.008), between 1 to 4 (p < 0.001), between 2 and 3 (p < 0.05), and finally between 3 and 4 (p < 0.003). Conclusions: The concordance between cyto-technologists and pathologists is below the required minimum level set by national and international standards.

人工智能辅助诊断系统在液基细胞学宫颈腺上皮病变筛查中的应用价值

目的:探讨人工智能(AI)辅助系统在宫颈腺上皮病变细胞学诊断中的应用价值。方法:收集诊断为非典型腺细胞(AGC)的液基细胞学薄层宫颈涂片143例,阴性涂片631例,所有涂片均进行AI辅助阅片和中级医师阅片,以主任医师复核的诊断结果为金标准,进行对比分析,并统计特异性、敏感性等指标。结果:宫颈涂片腺上皮细胞病变的检测中,AI辅助阅片系统的阳性率为15.7%、特异性为99.8%,而中级医师阅片的阳性率为18.3%、特异性为99.2%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AI辅助系统的准确率为97.0%,敏感性为84.6%,中级医师阅片的准确率为99.2%,敏感性为99.3%,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AI辅助阅片的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.922,低于中级医师阅片的0.993,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,AI辅助阅片与中级医师阅片的诊断一致率达到99%,相应的Kappa值为0.888,表明两种阅片方法基本一致。结论:AI辅助系统在宫颈腺上皮病变的诊断中展现出较高的特异性,然而其敏感性相对较低,存在一定的漏诊可能性。尽管AI辅助阅片的准确率尚未达到中级医师的水平,但其仍展现出重要的诊断潜力。未来的研究和发展应着重于提升AI辅助阅片系统的敏感性,并通过临床验证来确保其在实际应用中的可靠性和安全性。

纤支镜下刷检薄层液基细胞学检查在肺癌诊断价值的研究

目的:研究纤支镜下刷检薄层液基细胞学检查(LCT)在肺癌诊断价值。方法:选取2023年4月到2024年3月间江门市新会区人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科首诊患者80名,所有患者均采用传统支气管镜活检、刷检涂片细胞学检查和刷检LCT检查的方法。传统刷检涂片细胞学检查(CS)为对照组,支气管镜刷检LCT检查为液基组,支气管镜活检为钳检组。对比各组对肺癌诊断阳性率,分析液基组及对照组对肺癌组织类型的检查情况,对比两组对肺癌组织类型的检查结果。结果:液基组对肺癌诊断的阳性率为40.00%(32/80),较对照组的25.00%(20/80)明显更高(P<0.05)。但液基组与钳检组比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。LCT对肺癌鳞癌诊断的符合率为83.33%(10/12),对腺癌的诊断符合率为42.86%(6/14),对小细胞癌的诊断符合率为75.00%(9/12)。CS对肺癌鳞癌诊断的符合率为41.67%(5/12),对腺癌的诊断符合率为66.67%(8/12),对小细胞癌的诊断符合率为35.71%(5/14)。液基组对于肺癌组织类型为鳞癌以及小细胞癌的符合率较对照组更高(P<0.05),但两组对腺癌的符合率比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:应用纤支镜下刷检LCT检查在肺癌的诊断价值较高,且值得在临床诊断过程中给予推广。

HPV E6/E7 mRNA联合细胞学检查用于子宫颈癌早期筛查的初步评价

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA联合液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)用于宫颈癌早期筛查的初步评价。方法收集2015年10月—2019年7月在本院进行宫颈癌筛查患者825例,均进行HPV E6/E7 mRNA、TCT检测,以组织病理学为金标准,分析HPV E6/E7 mRNA与TCT联合检测用于评估患者宫颈病变风险的诊断效能。结果HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测和TCT检测不同病理分级患者宫颈慢性炎、低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)、高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)、宫颈癌的阳性率分别为12.17%、39.04%、86.61%、87.88%和36.51%、82.89%、82.14%、81.82%。HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测的敏感性为86.90%,特异性为80.44%,准确性为81.58%。TCT检测的敏感性为82.07%,特异性为50.74%,准确性为56.24%。HPV E6/E7 mRNA联合TCT检测的敏感性为70.34%,特异性为83.68%,准确性为81.33%。HPV E6/E7 mRNA与TCT联合检测特异性高于单一检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。HPV E6/E7 mRNA与TCT两种检测方法的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.837和0.664,两者联合检测的AUC为0.860,差异性显著(P<0.001),提示联合诊断可提高诊断宫颈HSIL的性能。结论HPV E6/E7 mRNA联合TCT能够更好预测宫颈病变的进展,且针对高级别病变的筛查具有更高的特异性,可为临床宫颈癌筛查提供参考。

2016—2022年某精神病专科医院1181名女职工宫颈液基薄层细胞技术和人乳头状瘤病毒感染调查

目的分析精神病专科医院1181名女职工宫颈液基细胞学检查(TCT)和人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染状况。方法选取精神病专科医院2016年1月至2022年12月在职的1181名女职工作为研究对象,所有人均行TCT与HPV检查,根据检查结果分析感染情况。结果1181名女职工HPV检测总阳性率为4.91%(58/1181),其中<30岁及40~50岁两个年龄段总阳性率高于其他年龄段(P<0.05)。TCT检测报告异常率为5.42%(64/1181),其中<30岁及40~50岁两个年龄段TCT检查总异常率高于其他年龄段(P<0.05)。初次性生活年龄<16岁女职工相较于初次性生活为其他年龄段女职工高危型HPV、低危型HPV、TCT异常的阳性率更高(P<0.05)。宫颈癌发病率逐年升高,且2021、2022年两个年份TCT与HPV阳性检出率相较于其他年份更高(P<0.05)。TCT分级中,高级别鳞状上皮内病变的高危型HPV阳性检出率高于低级别鳞状上皮内病变和非典型鳞状上皮细胞增生,非典型鳞状上皮细胞增生的HPV阴性率高于低级别鳞状上皮内病变和高级别鳞状上皮内病变(均P<0.05)。结论<30岁、41~50岁两个年龄段以及初次性生活年龄<16岁精神病专科医院女职工为易感人群,应加强对该部分女职工宫颈癌的防治工作,且宫颈癌发病率逐年升高,医院应更加重视医院女职工的宫颈癌预防健康宣教工作。

液基细胞学检查结合人乳头瘤病毒检测在绝经后女性宫颈癌机会性筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨液基细胞学检查(TCT)结合人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测在绝经后女性宫颈癌机会性筛查中的应用价值。方法选取2022年6月至2023年6月在吉林医药学院附属医院妇科门诊接受诊治的1022例绝经后妇女为研究对象,分别进行TCT、阴道镜组织检查和HPV检查,以阴道镜组织检查为金标准,采用ROC分析评价TCT、HPV与二者联合对绝经后宫颈癌的诊断效能。结果1022份TCT检测样本中,TCT结果为正常或炎症反应919例(89.9%),而TCT检查异常者103例(10.1%)。阴道细胞学的分类及报告系统(TBS)报告为非典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASC-US)53例(51.5%),低度鳞状上皮内瘤变(LSIL)23例(22.3%),高度鳞状上皮内瘤变(HSIL)21例(20.4%),鳞状细胞癌(SCC)6例(5.8%)。阴道镜组织病理结果显示,炎症反应34例(33.0%),上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ37例(35.9%);CINⅡ16例(15.5%);CINⅢ11例(10.7%),SCC 5例(4.9%)。TCT检查异常者中有69例(66.9%)为阴道镜检查异常,TCT结果与病理学结果总体符合率为56.3%(58/103)。随着TBS分类级别越高,HPV阳性率越高,HSIL组和SCC组的HPV阳性率高于LSIL组和ASC-US组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC分析结果显示,TCT诊断的AUC高于HPV,为0.785(95%CI:0.694~0.895),敏感度较高的是TCT检查,但是特异度较高的是HPV检测。二者联合诊断的AUC进一步提高,为0.813(95%CI:0.723~0.924),敏感度和特异度分别是84.3%和88.5%。结论HPV检查结合TCT检查在绝经后女性宫颈癌机会性筛查中具有重要应用价值,建议临床加以推广。

人乳头瘤病毒E6/E7 mRNA检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值。方法选取2000例接受宫颈癌筛查的女性,均接受液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)和HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测,以阴道镜病理活检结果作为金标准,评估TCT、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定性、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定量单独及联合检测对宫颈癌的诊断价值。结果2000例筛查女性中,正常或炎症1917例,低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)60例,高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)14例,宫颈癌9例。TCT检测结果显示,无上皮内瘤变或恶性病变(NILM)1753例,未明确意义的非典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS)/非典型腺细胞(AGC)168例,LSIL 57例,HSIL 13例,宫颈癌9例。HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测结果显示,阳性178例,阴性1822例,随着组织学严重程度的增加,HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测的病毒拷贝数逐渐增加。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示,TCT、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定性、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定量联合检测诊断宫颈癌的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.896(95%CI:0.882~0.909),此时的灵敏度为0.880,特异度为0.836。结论HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测作为宫颈癌初筛方案具有一定的可行性,TCT、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定性、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定量联合检测在宫颈癌筛查中有较高的价值。

人乳头瘤病毒DNA、E6/E7 mRNA及液基薄层细胞学检查对女性宫颈癌的筛查价值

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)DNA、E6/E7 mRNA及液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)对女性宫颈癌的筛查价值。方法选取28021例体检女性,均接受HPV DNA、E6/E7 mRNA和TCT单项或多项检测,记录HPV DNA、E6/E7 mRNA、TCT单独及联合检测对宫颈癌的检出情况。以组织活检结果为金标准,评估HPV DNA、E6/E7 mRNA、TCT单独或联合检测对宫颈癌的筛查价值。结果TCT、HPV DNA、E6/E7 mRNA对宫颈癌的检出率分别为8.8%、26.9%、29.7%。各方法单独检测时,TCT单独检测筛查宫颈癌的特异度最高(85.53%),但灵敏度最低(28.44%),HPV DNA单独检测筛查宫颈癌的灵敏度最高(60.25%)。两种方法联合检测时,HPV DNA+E6/E7 mRNA联合检测筛查宫颈癌的灵敏度最高(81.75%),特异度最低(26.34%),TCT+HPV DNA联合检测筛查宫颈癌的特异度(61.08%)和阴性预测值(57.11%)最高,任意两种方法联合检测筛查宫颈癌的灵敏度、特异度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。TCT+HPV DNA+E6/E7 mRNA联合检测筛查宫颈癌的灵敏度、特异度与HPV DNA+E6/E7 mRNA检测比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),但灵敏度高于TCT+E6/E7 mRNA联合检测,特异度低于TCT+E6/E7 mRNA联合检测,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论HPV DNA检测适合作为女性健康体检者宫颈癌筛查的首选方法,E6/E7 mRNA与TCT检测可作为宫颈癌进一步检查的优选。HPV DNA+E6/E7 mRNA联合检测具有较高的灵敏度和阳性预测值,可作为年轻女性宫颈癌筛查的优选方案,联合检测对提高阳性率及降低假阳性率有帮助。

HPV检测联合液基薄层细胞学检测宫颈癌的诊断价值分析

目的 研究液基薄层细胞学(Thinprep-Cytologic Test, TCT)检测联合人乳头瘤病者(Human Papillomavirus, HPV)检测对宫颈癌的诊断价值。方法 选取2022年1月—2023年10月淄博市妇幼保健院新院区检验科的100例疑似宫颈癌前病变患者为研究对象,均实施HPV检测、TCT以及联合检测,以阴道镜下取宫颈活检病理诊断结果为金标准,分析上述单一及联合检测的阳性率以及诊断价值。结果 100例受检者中,HPV检查阳性检出率为20.00%,TCT阳性检出率为27.00%,TCT+HPV阳性检出率为35.00%;TCT+HPV的准确度(96.00%)、灵敏度(91.89%)高于TCT和HPV,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.000、15.457、7.974、18.231,P均<0.05)。结论 TCT+HPV具有较高的特异度、灵敏度及准确度,在宫颈癌诊断中具有积极意义。

血清学检测联合细胞学检测在高龄产妇产前诊断中的价值

目的:探讨血清学检测联合细胞学检测在高龄产妇产前诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2022年4月—2023年4月深圳市第九人民医院收治的120例高龄产妇的临床资料。采用全自动时间分辨荧光免疫分析仪对产妇的血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)及游离雌三醇(uE3)水平进行血清学检测,采用无创DNA进行细胞学检测。以羊膜穿刺后染色体检查结果为金标准,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估两种检测手段对胎儿染色体异常的检测效能,并对妊娠结局进行随访。结果:120例产妇中,经染色体核型分析,胎儿染色体异常有32例。细胞学、血清学单独及联合检测胎儿染色体异常的AUC分别为0.882、0.878、0.952;敏感度分别为84.4%、81.2%、93.8%;特异度分别为92.0%、94.3%、96.6%。32例检测出胎儿染色体异常的孕妇中,30例选择引产,2例选择正常分娩,正常分娩胎儿为47,XXY和47,XYY。结论:血清学检测联合细胞学检测在高龄产妇产前诊断中具有重要价值,能有效提升诊断准确性,优化临床决策,对保障高龄产妇母婴健康具有重要意义。

PAX1甲基化与p16/Ki-67联合检测提高宫颈癌非典型鳞状细胞的诊断效能

目的 比较配对盒家族基因1(paired boxed gene 1,PAXl)甲基化与p16/Ki-67双染单独及联合检测在薄层液基细胞学检查(thinprep cytologic test, TCT)为意义不明的非典型鳞状细胞(atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, ASC-US)及低级别鳞状上皮内病变(low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, LSIL)人群中的诊断效能。方法 选择郑州大学第一附属医院2021-2022年247例TCT结果为ASC-US和LSIL患者,以阴道镜下病理结果为金标准,敏感度、特异性、准确度与ROC曲线下面积(area under the subject curve, AUC)为评价指标,比较PAX1甲基化和p16/Ki-67双染单独及联合检测的检验效能。结果 PAX1甲基化与p16/Ki-67双染的阳性率随着阴道镜下病理结果的严重程度而增加,PAX1甲基化和p16/Ki-67联合检测在TCT为ASC-US人群中的敏感度为91.25%、特异度为97.72%、准确度为95.51%,优于甲基化、p16/Ki-67双染单独检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 PAX1甲基化和p16/Ki-67双染联合检测可以提高TCT结果为ASC-US患者的诊断效能。

宫颈癌筛查中TCT联合HPV的应用价值及与阴道感染关系

目的:探讨薄层液基细胞学(TCT)联合人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值,分析宫颈癌与阴道感染的关系。方法:收集2022年7月-2023年7月本中心行宫颈病变筛查的483名女性临床资料,纳入对象均行TCT、HPV检测,依据病理诊断结果分为非宫颈癌组(n=467)和宫颈癌(n=16),受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析TCT、HPV检测筛查宫颈癌价值;比较两组阴道感染率、阴道微生态情况。结果:以病理结果为依据,诊断宫颈癌TCT检测准确率为92.3%,HPV检测准确率为92.6%,2项联合检测准确率为98.1%;ROC分析,2项联合检测诊断宫颈癌的曲线下面积(0.953)高于TCT(0.777)、HPV(0.808),联合检测诊断特异度(96.8%)和敏感度(93.8%)更高(P<0.05);宫颈癌组阴道感染率(93.8%)高于非宫颈癌组(29.1%),过氧化氢(56.3%)、乳杆菌(50.0%)阳性率高于非宫颈癌组(31,1%、21.0%),唾液酸苷酶(6.3%)、白细胞酯酶(43.8%)阳性率低于非宫颈癌组(28.9%、75.4%)(均P<0.05)。结论:TCT联合HPV检测筛查宫颈癌价值较高,宫颈癌患者阴道感染率升高,阴道微生态发生变化,临床需多加关注。