Rheological and mechanical properties of wood fiber-PP/PE blend composites

For evaluation of the rheological and mechanical properties of highly filled wood plastic composites （WPCs）, polypropylene/polyethylene （PP/PE） blends were grafted with maleic anhydride （MAH） to enhance the interfacial adhesion between wood fiber and matrix. WPCs were prepared from wood fiber up to 60 wt.% and modified PP/PE was blended by extrusion. The rheological properties were studied by using dynamic measurement. According to the strain sweep test, the linear viscoelastic region of composites in the melt was determined. The result showed that the storage modulus was independent of the strain at low strain region （〈0.1%）. The frequency sweep resuits indicated that all composites exhibited shear thinning behavior, and both the storage modulus and complex viscosity of MAH modified composites were decreased comparing to those unmodified. Flexural properties and impact strength of the prepared WPCs were measured according to the relevant standard specifications. The flexural and impact strength of the manufactured composites significantly increased and reached a maximum when MAH dosage was 1.0 wt%, whereas the flexural modulus after an initial decreased, also increased with MAH dosage. The increase in mechanical properties indicated that the presence of anhydride groups enhanced the interracial adhesion between wood fiber and PP/PE blends.

Modeling and Free Vibration Behavior of Rotating Composite Thin-walled Closed-section Beams with SMA Fibers

Smart structure with active materials embedded in a rotating composite thin-walled beam is a class of typical structure which is using in study of vibration control of helicopter blades and wind turbine blades. The dynamic behavior investigation of these structures has significance in theory and practice. However, so far dynamic study on the above-mentioned structures is limited only the rotating composite beams with piezoelectric actuation. The free vibration of the rotating composite thin-walled beams with shape memory alloy（SMA） fiber actuation is studied. SMA fiber actuators are embedded into the walls of the composite beam. The equations of motion are derived based on Hamilton＇s principle and the asymptotically correct constitutive relation of single-cell cross-section accounting for SMA fiber actuation. The partial differential equations of motion are reduced to the ordinary differential equations of motion by using the Galerkin＇s method. The formulation for free vibration analysis includes anisotropy, pitch and precone angle, centrifugal force and SMA actuation effect. Numerical results of natural frequency are obtained for two configuration composite beams. It is shown that natural frequencies of the composite thin-walled beam decrease as SMA fiber volume and initial strain increase and the decrease in natural frequency becomes more significant as SMA fiber volume increases. The actuation performance of SMA fibers is found to be closely related to the rotational speeds and ply-angle. In addition, the effect of the pitch angle appears to be more significant for the lower-bending mode ones. Finally, in all cases, the precone angle appears to have marginal effect on free vibration frequencies. The developed model can be capable of describing natural vibration behaviors of rotating composite thin-walled beam with active SMA fiber actuation. The present work extends the previous analysis done for modeling passive rotating composite thin-walled beam.

Static behavior of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints with bolted partial-depth flush end plate:experimental study

A new type of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joint has been proposed in this paper.Five semi-rigid composite beam-to-column joint specimens subjected to hogging moments under monotonic loading were tested to study the static behavior of this new type of joint.The main variable parameters for the five joint specimens were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the joint type.The experimental results designated that the magnitude of extension of the longitudinal reinforcement is the most important factor that influenced the moment-rotation characteristic of the new type of joint.The concrete slabs could resist 3.8%-19.1% of the total shear load applied to the cross-sections near the beam-to-column connection.The edge stiffened elements,such as the flange of the lipped I-section thin-walled steel beam,were capable of having considerable inelastic deformation capacity although they had comparatively large width-to-thickness ratios.The shear failure of the concrete cantilever edge strip must be taken into account in practical design because it has significant influence on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement in the new type of external joints.

Carbon-13 Solid State NMR Techniques to Evaluate the Morphology of PP/TiO2 Composites

Solid state NMR was successfully used to determine the proton spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρH) for systems based on polypropylene (PP) and PP with titanium dioxide (TiO2) organically modified or unmodified incorporated, in order to understand the molecular behavior of these systems. These techniques were employed in the samples organically modified and unmodified TiO2 to investigate the effect of organic modification on the dispersion and distribution of the particles in the PP matrix. The results were analyzed in terms of the effect of the particles organic modified or not according to the intermolecular interaction in the composites. According to the T1ρH values, all composites showed at least two domains: the short values were related to the rigid part, which included the crystalline and amorphous phase constricted in it, while the longer times were attributed to the amorphous region, which had higher molecular mobility compared to the rigid region of the materials. The increase in the relaxation time parameter in the composites compared to the pure PP was associated to the strong interaction between titanium dioxide particles and the polymer chains. This effect was more pronounced for the systems containing organically modified TiO2. According to the results, it could be inferred that intermolecular interaction occurred in the CH2 and CH groups, being more intense with CH2 groups. Finally, the solid state NMR techniques were able to evaluate the molecular dynamics of those systems.

Dynamic mechanical properties of PTFE-based composites filled with multi-component

To improve performance of PTFE-based damping material,composites with several fillers were prepared by compressing and sintering. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by means of viscoanalyser. Temperature-dependent loss factors,storage modulus and loss modulus were obtained. And SEM was employed to study the compatibility between PTFE and fillers. The results show that,when blending PPS and PEEK at proper content,the loss factor curve appears double peaks,which can widen the high-damping temperature region of the composites. Blending graphite or alumina can increase the storage modulus obviously,but decrease the value of loss factor. And because graphite or alumina combines with matrix poorly,glide would happen at interface when bearing external load. The interface friction can dissipate vibration energy,which increases the loss modulus of the composites. Blending PPS,PEEK and graphite or alumina at right content,PTFE-based composites can meet demands as damping material in practical engineering.

The Development of Thermal Conductive Polymer Composites for Heat Sink

The thermal and mechanical properties of the polyamide 6/boron nitride and polyphenylene sulfide/graphite composites have been investigated as a function of composition and size of fillers. The addition of highly thermal conductive h-BN and graphite gives rise to large increase （about 2 times） of thermal conductivity of individual polymer. In PPS/graphite system, the higher conductivity value was obtained when smaller graphites were added. Meanwhile, the tensile and flexural strength are reduced upon increasing filler loading.

自成核行为在CF/PPS复合材料中的差异性与普适性

以半结晶高分子为基体的碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料,其基体的结晶行为将受到碳纤维表面性质与热历史的共同影响。当这种材料在经历反复加热冷却的热循环过程时,基体会产生自成核行为,其结晶过程变得更加复杂。通过三种T300级碳纤维分别制备了碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚(CF/PPS)复合材料,并探究了二次熔融温度与CF/PPS复合材料结晶行为的关系,揭示了不同碳纤维表面性质对CF/PPS复合材料自成核行为的影响。在此基础上阐明了CF/PPS复合材料基体自成核与CF异相成核的竞争关系。最后,通过冲压成型制得具有自成核行为的CF/PPS复合材料角片,验证了自成核对于CF/PPS复合材料二次热成型技术的有效性与重要性。

Biological oyster shell waste enhances polyphenylene sulfide composites and endows them with antibacterial properties

To date,there is no research that deals with biological waste as fillers in polyphenylene sulfide(PPS).In this study,oyster shells were recycled and treated to prepare thermally-treated oyster shells(TOS),which were used as PPS fillers to make new bio-based antibacterial composite materials.The effect of varying the content of TOS was studied by means of structure and performance characterization.PPS/TOS composites were demonstrated to have an antibacterial effect on the growth of E coli and S.aureus.Qualitative analysis showed that when the TOS content was≥30%and 40%,the composite materials had an apparent inhibition zone.Quantitative analysis showed that the antibacterial activity increased with the TOS content.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the formation of hydrogen bonds between the molecular chains of TOS and PPS and the occurrence of a coordination reaction.At 10%TOS,the composite tensile strength reached a maximum value of 72.5 MPa,which is 9.65%higher than that of pure PPS.The trend of bending properties is the same as that of tensile properties,showing that the maximum property was reached for the composite with 10%TOS.At the same time,the crystallinity and contact angle were the highest,and the permeability coefficient was the lowest.The fatigue test results indicated that for the composite with 10%TOS,the tensile strength was 23%lower than static tensile strength,and the yield strength was 10%lower than the static yield strength.The results of the study showed that TOS not only could reduce the cost of PPS,but also could impart antibacterial properties and enhance the mechanical and,barrier properties,the thermostability,as well as the crystallinity.

CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES FROM POLYPYRROLE ELECTROPOLYMERIZED IN A POLYURETHANE MATRIX

In order to improve the mechanical properties of polypyrrole, composites were made by electropolymerizing polypyrrole in a polyurethane matrix. Polypyrrole/polyurethane (PPY/PU) composite films containing CLO_4^-, BF_4^- or CH_3-C_6H_4-SO_3^- counter ions were made in a variety of solvent systems and characterized by SEM, electronic conductivity, FTIR, and mechanical properties. Composite films showing much greater fiexibility than pure polypyrrole were obtained, but their electronic conductivities were substantially lower. Measured eonductivities ranged from 0.001 to 8 S/cm, tensile strengths from 44 to 592 psi, and elongation to failure from 3 to 70%.

In-depth analysis of the influence of bio-silica filler(Didymosphenia geminata frustules)on the properties of Mg matrix composites

A novel metal matrix composites(MMC)with Mg matrix reinforced with natural filler in the form of Didymosphenia geminata frustules(algae with distinctive siliceous shells)are presented in this work.Pulse plasma sintering(PPS)was used to manufacture Mg-based composites with 1,5 and 10 vol.%ceramic filler.As a reference,pure Mg was sintered.The results show that the addition of 1 vol.%Didymosphenia geminata frustules to the Mg matrix increases its corrosion resistance by supporting passivation reactions,and do not affect the morphology of L929 fibroblasts.Addition of 5 vol.%the filler does not cause cytotoxic effects,but it supports microgalvanic reactions leading to the greater corrosion rate.Higher content than 5 vol.%the filler causes significant microgalvanic corrosion,as well as increases cytotoxicity due to the greater micro-galvanic effect of the composites containing 10 and 15 vol.%diatoms.The results of contact angle measurements show the hydrophilic character of the investigated materials,with slightly increase in numerical values with addition of amount of ceramic reinforcement.The addition of Didymosphenia geminata frustules causes changes in a thermo-elastic properties such as mean apparent value of coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)and thermal conductivity(λ).The addition of siliceous reinforcement resulted in a linear decrease of CTE and reduction in thermal conductivity over the entire temperature range.With the increasing addition of Didymosphenia geminata frustules,an increase in strength with a decrease in compressive strain is observed.In all composites an increase in microhardness was attained.The results clearly indicate that filler in the form of Didymosphenia geminata frustules may significantly change the most important properties of pure Mg,indicating its wide potential in the application of Mg-based composites with a special focus on biomedical use.

PE/PP混杂纤维应变硬化碱激发复合材料力学性能研究

应变硬化碱激发复合材料(SHAAC)兼具低碳环保和高韧性的优点,但高昂的成本限制了其工程应用。为降低成本,研究采用PP纤维替代PE纤维,开发了一种混杂PE/PP纤维SHAAC,并通过轴压与轴拉试验及成本分析,探讨了不同PP纤维替代率(0%、25%、50%、75%和100%,体积分数)对混杂PE/PP纤维SHAAC的轴压、轴拉性能和成本的影响。结果表明:采用PP纤维替代PE纤维时,SHAAC的轴压、轴拉强度及裂缝控制能力随着纤维替代率的增加而降低,但在PP纤维替代率低于75%时,SHAAC仍可呈现伪应变硬化和多缝开裂现象;当PP纤维替代率为50%时,SHAAC极限拉伸应变最高(8.40%),且能保持较高的轴压和轴拉性能,同时成本可降低29.00%,且综合性能与成本比值最高。

模拟地震作用下PP-ECC桥墩抗弯性能试验研究

为研究聚丙烯纤维水泥基复合材料(PP-ECC)桥墩与普通混凝土桥墩在压弯荷载作用下承载力差异,本文通过拟静力试验对6个局部采用PP-ECC桥墩和2个普通混凝土桥墩的抗弯性能进行试验研究。结合PP-ECC桥墩的破坏过程,确定PP-ECC桥墩的压弯破坏的特征点,之后基于PP-ECC材料的简化本构模型推导出PP-ECC桥墩的理论开裂、屈服和极限荷载公式。对PP-ECC材料进行单轴拉伸和单轴压缩试验,得到简化PP-ECC本构模型的特征参数,通过试验结果对计算结果进行验证,并对比不同轴压比和PP-ECC区高度下桥墩的抗弯承载力、最大变形的差异。结果表明:PP-ECC桥墩在开裂之后,受拉区PP-ECC并未退出工作,而是协同受拉钢筋参与截面受力;PP-ECC桥墩在达到极限荷载时,裂缝稳态发展,没有出现普通混凝土桥墩保护层混凝土大面积剥落的情况;局部采用PP-ECC桥墩极限荷载时最大变形较普通混凝土桥墩有较大提升,且增加轴压比会降低桥墩的变形能力;在较高轴压比下增加PP-ECC区高度,桥墩的抗弯承载力提升了8.8%;使用简化本构模型计算PP-ECC桥墩特征点抗弯承载力时计算精度为0.86~1.13,且方差分析值偏小,具备良好的计算精度。

高性能PPS网基PSF-ZrO_(2)复合隔膜的制备及其性能研究

聚苯硫醚(PPS)网基聚砜(PSF)-氧化锆(ZrO_(2))复合隔膜作为一种新型的高性能碱性水电解制氢隔膜,具有良好机械性能、低面电阻和高化学稳定性等优点。采用预热压成型和浸没沉淀相转换法制备出复合隔膜,研究了铸膜液中PSF、ZrO_(2)纳米颗粒、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)含量对隔膜性能的影响。分析比较了复合隔膜(命名为PPZS)和商业化Zirfon UTP 500隔膜的性能。结果显示PPZS复合隔膜的抗拉强度达到36.36 MPa,面电阻达到0.21Ω·cm^(2),泡点压力达到0.268 MPa,表现出优异的碱性水电解制氢综合性能。

低密度PP增强复合材料在重卡保险杠上的轻量化应用分析

基于两种材料性能要求,分析研究低密度PP增强复合材料与传统PP增强复合材料在汽车保险杠上格栅、下格栅以及大灯装饰板等产品上的模态、强度性能,并验证效果。结果发现:在密度为0.978g/cm^(3)左右的情况下,低密度PP增强复合材料相比传统PP增强复合材料可减重10%以上,抗拉强度提升4.89%以上,但弯曲模量降低8.64%以上。从产品性能来说,保险杠部位的前四阶模态均大于等于35 Hz,同时最大应力强度仅为1.12 MPa,不存在断裂风险,满足设计要求。

PP/云母复合材料力学性能研究

研究了不同粒径云母、第三组份对PP材料力学性能影响,并用偏光显微镜观察了PP球晶。结果表明:用马来酸酐接技聚丙烯与WD 52偶联剂处理过的填充体系综合性能最优,并使PP球晶细化。

PP/弹性体/纳米CaCO_3复合材料的研究

研究了弹性体、纳米CaCO3等对PP的力学性能的影响 ,研究结果表明 ,将弹性体和纳米CaCO3共用 ,对PP有较好的增韧效果。TEM观察显示 。

微纳米SiO_2/PP复合材料增强增韧的实验研究

为了研究无机刚性颗粒对通用塑料聚丙烯(PP)的力学性能的影响,采用熔融共混方法制备了经硅烷偶联剂A-151处理的SiO2/PP复合材料,并通过其缺口冲击、拉伸、弯曲试验和冲击断面的形貌观察,分析研究了微纳米SiO2颗粒大小、填充量、表面改性以及不同颗粒大小SiO2混合物对PP复合材料增韧、增强效果的影响。实验结果表明:纳米SiO2的加入可以同时改善其韧性、刚性和强度;填充量相同,颗粒越细,SiO2/PP复合材料的力学性能越好。SiO2经改性后填充到PP基体中,明显改善了颗粒在基体中的分散性及基体与颗粒之间界面结合性能,使复合材料的综合力学性能得到提高。不同颗粒大小的SiO2混合后填充到PP基体中,混合SiO2的协同效应使复合材料拉伸、弯曲性能进一步提高,对PP基体具有更好的增强效果,但其冲击性能下降。

PPS／Al2O3导热复合材料的性能及其应用

以微米级三氧化二铝(Al2O3)为导热填料,制备了聚苯硫醚(PPS)/Al2O3导热复合材料,研究了硅烷偶联剂表面改性对PPS/Al2O3复合材料力学性能和导热性能的影响。研究表明,硅烷偶联剂对Al2O3的表面改性提高了PPS/Al2O3导热复合材料的力学性能,且材料的热导率随着Al2O3含量的增加而增大,当Al2O3的质量分数为70%时,未改性和改性Al2O3填充PPS导热复合材料的热导率分别达到2.279 W/(m.K)和2.392 W/(m.K),后者的热导率在Al2O3含量较高时偏离Agari理论曲线。SEM分析表明,改性Al2O3在PPS中分散均匀,两者结合紧密。经应用研究表明,PPS/改性Al2O3质量比为40/60的导热复合材料完全可满足发动机零部件、高耐热电子元器件对材料导热与力学性能的要求。

界面改性剂及硫酸钙晶须对PP复合材料结晶性能的影响

测试了两种界面改性剂MPP的结晶性能 ,并分别将MPP1、MPP2加入到PP/硫酸钙晶须的复合体系中 ,经DSC测试结果表明 :(1)硫酸钙晶须的加入起到了异相成核作用 ,使复合材料的结晶温度升高 ,结晶度也有所提高 ,含有MPP的复合体系其结晶性能高于未加入MPP的体系 ,而含有MPP1的体系的结晶性能又比含MPP2的体系高 ;(2 )加入MPP以后复合体系的玻璃化温度比纯PP有一定的提高。并用SEM观测含有MPP1的复合体系能促进晶须的分散 ,使两相界面粘结性能提高 。