The wheat_ Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines Z1,Z2 contain a pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes 2Ai_2 carrying the gene with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Genomic in situ hybridizat...The wheat_ Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines Z1,Z2 contain a pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes 2Ai_2 carrying the gene with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to analyze the chromosome constitution of Z1,Z2 by using genomic DNA probes from Th. intermedium and Pseudoroegneria strigosa . The results showed that the chromosome constitution of either Z1 or Z2 composes of 42 wheat chromosomes and two Th. intermedium chromosomes (2Ai_2). The 2Ai_2 chromosome is St_E intercalary translocation, in which the E genomic chromosome segment translocated into the middle region of the long arm of chromosome belonging to St genome. With the genomic DNA probe of Ps. strigosa , the GISH pattern specific to the 2Ai_2 chromosome may be used as a molecular cytogenetic marker. A detailed RFLP analysis on Z1, Z2 and their parents was carried out by using 12 probes on the wheat group 2 chromosomes. Twenty RFLP markers specific to the 2Ai_2 chromosome were identified. Two RAPD markers of OPR16 -350 and OPH09 -1580 , specific to the 2Ai_2 chromosome, were identified from 280 RAPD primers. These molecular markers could be used to assisted_select translocation lines with small segment of the 2Ai_2 chromosome and provide tools to localize the BYDV resistance.展开更多
The wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium （Host） Barkworth ＆ DR Dewey, shows many beneficial characteristics, such as big spikes and high resistance to many diseases. To transfer the beneficial genes of this species, ...The wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium （Host） Barkworth ＆ DR Dewey, shows many beneficial characteristics, such as big spikes and high resistance to many diseases. To transfer the beneficial genes of this species, many wheat- Thinopyrum intermedium alien chromosome lines were developed. Of them, Shannong 0095 （SN0095）, a disomic substitution, has long spikes and flag-leaves, and thus may be an important genetic resource for wheat yield improvement. In order to realize its heterosis and combining ability on major yield traits, a 7 ×7 complete diallel design was made according to Griffing＇s Method-1. The results showed that heterosis for spike length （SPL）, flag-leaf area （FLA）, number of spikes per plant （NSP）, number of spikelets per spike （NSL）, kernels per spike （KPS）, 1 000-kernel weight （TKW） and grain yield per plant （GYP） existed in all the crosses by SN0095, but heterobeltiosis occurred only for KPS, TKW, and GYP. The relative mid-parent heterosis （RMH） and relative high-parent heterosis （RHH） for GYP, which valued as high as 35.32 and 29.92% respectively, were the highest among all the traits mearsured. Though additive and non-additive gene effects and cytoplasmic effects （or cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction effects） were found in governing all the traits measured above, additive gene action played a predominant role. The results also showed that SN0095 was the best-general combiner for SPL and FLA, and high-general combiner for NSP amongst all the parents. Estimates of specific combining ability （SCA） showed that SN0095 could also make high-SCA combinations for GYP, such as SN0095 × Jimai 19 （JMI9）. SN0095 could be a unique and important parent in hybrid wheat breeding programs.展开更多
Thinopyrum intermedium has been used as a resource for improving resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and yield potential in common wheat. Wheat line SN304 was derived from a cross between common wheat cultivar Y...Thinopyrum intermedium has been used as a resource for improving resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and yield potential in common wheat. Wheat line SN304 was derived from a cross between common wheat cultivar Yannong 15 and Th. intermedium. Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) produced no hybridization signal in SN304 using Th. intermedium genomic DNA as a probe, but fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) using oligonucleotides AFA-3, AFA-4, pAs1-1, pAs1-3, pAs1-4, pAs1-6, pSc119.2-1,and(GAA)10 as probes detected hybridization signals on chromosomes 2 A, 7 A, 2 B, 3 B, 6 B, and 7 B in SN304 that differed from Yannong 15. Results of specific markers also indicated that there were Th. intermedium chromatin introgressions on different chromosomes in SN304. In a hydroponic culture experiment, SN304 not only produced more biomass and higher stem and leaf dry weight but also accumulated more phosphorus than Yannong 15 under phosphorus-deficiency stress. Moreover, SN304 produced a lower pH and released more organic acids, especially oxalic acid, than Yannong 15, which suggests that SN304 exudates enabled more absorbance of P than Yannong 15 under comparable conditions.The results indicate that SN304 is a wheat-Th. intermedium introgression line with tolerance to phosphorus-deficiency stress.展开更多
Background Kernza®intermediate wheatgrass is a perennial grain and forage crop that can provide several ecosystem services.Major research efforts focused on Kernza have taken place in high latitudes.The goal of t...Background Kernza®intermediate wheatgrass is a perennial grain and forage crop that can provide several ecosystem services.Major research efforts focused on Kernza have taken place in high latitudes.The goal of this study was to evaluate,for the first time,the agronomic performance of Kernza in a low-latitude region with mild winters.Methods A KS-cycle 4 Kernza population(A)was planted in spring in Wisconsin,USA,and selected in one cycle for lower vernalization requirements,obtaining a new population(B).These two populations,at three nitrogen(N)fertilization rates,were evaluated in a full factorial,completely randomized field experiment in Uruguay over 2 years.Results The populations were similar in grain yields and flowering time in the 1st year,but population B had 63%lower grain yield in the 2nd year and 20%lower forage yield throughout the experiment.Increasing the N rate to 160 kg ha−1 led to a 63%increase in grain yield and 28%increase in forage yield across populations.Forage yields and nutritive values were similar to those reported in the northern hemisphere.However,grain yields for both the 1st(316 kg ha−1)and 2nd year(41 kg ha−1)were lower due to reduced flowering and weed competition.Conclusions Expansion of Kernza to lower-latitude regions will require further breeding to improve reproductive performance.展开更多
The wheat line H960642 is a homozygous wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line with resistance to BYDV by genomie in situ hybridization (GISH) and RFLP analysis. The genomie DNA of Th. intermedium was used as ...The wheat line H960642 is a homozygous wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line with resistance to BYDV by genomie in situ hybridization (GISH) and RFLP analysis. The genomie DNA of Th. intermedium was used as a probe, and eonunon wheat genomie DNA as a blocking in GISH experiment. The results showed that the chromosome segments of Th. intermedium were transferred to the distal end of a pair of wheat chromosomes. RFLP analysis indicated that the transloeation line H960642 is a T7DS·7DL-7XL translocation by using 8 probes mapped on the homoeologous group 7 in wheat. The tranalocation breakpoint is located between Xpsr680 and Xpsr965 about 90—99 cM from the centromere. The RFLP markers psr680 and psr687 were closoly linked with the BYDV resistance gene. The gene is located on the distal end of 7XL around Xpsr680 and Xpsr687.展开更多
偃麦草属是小麦近缘种属中应用较为广泛的野生资源之一,作为小麦遗传改良和种质创新的重要基因源,在创制小麦桥梁材料和遗传育种方面发挥了重要作用。小偃麦创制工作始于20世纪20年代,是通过远缘杂交,将偃麦草属植物的染色体或染色体组...偃麦草属是小麦近缘种属中应用较为广泛的野生资源之一,作为小麦遗传改良和种质创新的重要基因源,在创制小麦桥梁材料和遗传育种方面发挥了重要作用。小偃麦创制工作始于20世纪20年代,是通过远缘杂交,将偃麦草属植物的染色体或染色体组遗传成分导入到普通小麦中,培育小偃麦(部分)双二倍体、异附加系、异代换系、易位系和渐渗系。小偃麦(部分)双二倍体主要是八倍体小偃麦(AABBDDXX, 2n=8x=56)和六倍体小偃麦(AABBXX,2n=6x=42),来源于偃麦草的染色体组(XX)多为混合染色体组(异源染色体组)。我国自20世纪50年代开始小麦与偃麦草远缘杂交工作,创制了类型丰富的小偃麦,在小麦抗病研究和新种质创制方面表现突出,在此基础上培育出一系列高产优质的小麦品种。小偃麦创制过程中,中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth&D. R. Dewey)和3种长穗偃麦草(Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D. R.Dewey×ponticum(Podp.) Barkworth&D. R. Dewey)因易于同小麦杂交,具有抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱、抗小麦多种病虫害等特性,成为创制小偃麦的主要亲本来源,应用范围最广。本研究从5部分综述小偃麦的创制与应用研究进展,旨在为小偃麦的研发利用和小麦遗传资源创新提供科学依据。展开更多
文摘The wheat_ Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines Z1,Z2 contain a pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes 2Ai_2 carrying the gene with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to analyze the chromosome constitution of Z1,Z2 by using genomic DNA probes from Th. intermedium and Pseudoroegneria strigosa . The results showed that the chromosome constitution of either Z1 or Z2 composes of 42 wheat chromosomes and two Th. intermedium chromosomes (2Ai_2). The 2Ai_2 chromosome is St_E intercalary translocation, in which the E genomic chromosome segment translocated into the middle region of the long arm of chromosome belonging to St genome. With the genomic DNA probe of Ps. strigosa , the GISH pattern specific to the 2Ai_2 chromosome may be used as a molecular cytogenetic marker. A detailed RFLP analysis on Z1, Z2 and their parents was carried out by using 12 probes on the wheat group 2 chromosomes. Twenty RFLP markers specific to the 2Ai_2 chromosome were identified. Two RAPD markers of OPR16 -350 and OPH09 -1580 , specific to the 2Ai_2 chromosome, were identified from 280 RAPD primers. These molecular markers could be used to assisted_select translocation lines with small segment of the 2Ai_2 chromosome and provide tools to localize the BYDV resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30571156)
文摘The wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium （Host） Barkworth ＆ DR Dewey, shows many beneficial characteristics, such as big spikes and high resistance to many diseases. To transfer the beneficial genes of this species, many wheat- Thinopyrum intermedium alien chromosome lines were developed. Of them, Shannong 0095 （SN0095）, a disomic substitution, has long spikes and flag-leaves, and thus may be an important genetic resource for wheat yield improvement. In order to realize its heterosis and combining ability on major yield traits, a 7 ×7 complete diallel design was made according to Griffing＇s Method-1. The results showed that heterosis for spike length （SPL）, flag-leaf area （FLA）, number of spikes per plant （NSP）, number of spikelets per spike （NSL）, kernels per spike （KPS）, 1 000-kernel weight （TKW） and grain yield per plant （GYP） existed in all the crosses by SN0095, but heterobeltiosis occurred only for KPS, TKW, and GYP. The relative mid-parent heterosis （RMH） and relative high-parent heterosis （RHH） for GYP, which valued as high as 35.32 and 29.92% respectively, were the highest among all the traits mearsured. Though additive and non-additive gene effects and cytoplasmic effects （or cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction effects） were found in governing all the traits measured above, additive gene action played a predominant role. The results also showed that SN0095 was the best-general combiner for SPL and FLA, and high-general combiner for NSP amongst all the parents. Estimates of specific combining ability （SCA） showed that SN0095 could also make high-SCA combinations for GYP, such as SN0095 × Jimai 19 （JMI9）. SN0095 could be a unique and important parent in hybrid wheat breeding programs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0102000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671675)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2015CM034 and ZR2016CM30)。
文摘Thinopyrum intermedium has been used as a resource for improving resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and yield potential in common wheat. Wheat line SN304 was derived from a cross between common wheat cultivar Yannong 15 and Th. intermedium. Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) produced no hybridization signal in SN304 using Th. intermedium genomic DNA as a probe, but fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) using oligonucleotides AFA-3, AFA-4, pAs1-1, pAs1-3, pAs1-4, pAs1-6, pSc119.2-1,and(GAA)10 as probes detected hybridization signals on chromosomes 2 A, 7 A, 2 B, 3 B, 6 B, and 7 B in SN304 that differed from Yannong 15. Results of specific markers also indicated that there were Th. intermedium chromatin introgressions on different chromosomes in SN304. In a hydroponic culture experiment, SN304 not only produced more biomass and higher stem and leaf dry weight but also accumulated more phosphorus than Yannong 15 under phosphorus-deficiency stress. Moreover, SN304 produced a lower pH and released more organic acids, especially oxalic acid, than Yannong 15, which suggests that SN304 exudates enabled more absorbance of P than Yannong 15 under comparable conditions.The results indicate that SN304 is a wheat-Th. intermedium introgression line with tolerance to phosphorus-deficiency stress.
基金This research was funded by competitive grants from Fondo María Viñas of ANII(Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación,Uruguay)to A.L.,and full-time funds(DT,UDELAR,Uruguay)granted to A.L.
文摘Background Kernza®intermediate wheatgrass is a perennial grain and forage crop that can provide several ecosystem services.Major research efforts focused on Kernza have taken place in high latitudes.The goal of this study was to evaluate,for the first time,the agronomic performance of Kernza in a low-latitude region with mild winters.Methods A KS-cycle 4 Kernza population(A)was planted in spring in Wisconsin,USA,and selected in one cycle for lower vernalization requirements,obtaining a new population(B).These two populations,at three nitrogen(N)fertilization rates,were evaluated in a full factorial,completely randomized field experiment in Uruguay over 2 years.Results The populations were similar in grain yields and flowering time in the 1st year,but population B had 63%lower grain yield in the 2nd year and 20%lower forage yield throughout the experiment.Increasing the N rate to 160 kg ha−1 led to a 63%increase in grain yield and 28%increase in forage yield across populations.Forage yields and nutritive values were similar to those reported in the northern hemisphere.However,grain yields for both the 1st(316 kg ha−1)and 2nd year(41 kg ha−1)were lower due to reduced flowering and weed competition.Conclusions Expansion of Kernza to lower-latitude regions will require further breeding to improve reproductive performance.
基金Project supported by the 863 program and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39680027).
文摘The wheat line H960642 is a homozygous wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line with resistance to BYDV by genomie in situ hybridization (GISH) and RFLP analysis. The genomie DNA of Th. intermedium was used as a probe, and eonunon wheat genomie DNA as a blocking in GISH experiment. The results showed that the chromosome segments of Th. intermedium were transferred to the distal end of a pair of wheat chromosomes. RFLP analysis indicated that the transloeation line H960642 is a T7DS·7DL-7XL translocation by using 8 probes mapped on the homoeologous group 7 in wheat. The tranalocation breakpoint is located between Xpsr680 and Xpsr965 about 90—99 cM from the centromere. The RFLP markers psr680 and psr687 were closoly linked with the BYDV resistance gene. The gene is located on the distal end of 7XL around Xpsr680 and Xpsr687.
文摘偃麦草属是小麦近缘种属中应用较为广泛的野生资源之一,作为小麦遗传改良和种质创新的重要基因源,在创制小麦桥梁材料和遗传育种方面发挥了重要作用。小偃麦创制工作始于20世纪20年代,是通过远缘杂交,将偃麦草属植物的染色体或染色体组遗传成分导入到普通小麦中,培育小偃麦(部分)双二倍体、异附加系、异代换系、易位系和渐渗系。小偃麦(部分)双二倍体主要是八倍体小偃麦(AABBDDXX, 2n=8x=56)和六倍体小偃麦(AABBXX,2n=6x=42),来源于偃麦草的染色体组(XX)多为混合染色体组(异源染色体组)。我国自20世纪50年代开始小麦与偃麦草远缘杂交工作,创制了类型丰富的小偃麦,在小麦抗病研究和新种质创制方面表现突出,在此基础上培育出一系列高产优质的小麦品种。小偃麦创制过程中,中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth&D. R. Dewey)和3种长穗偃麦草(Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D. R.Dewey×ponticum(Podp.) Barkworth&D. R. Dewey)因易于同小麦杂交,具有抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱、抗小麦多种病虫害等特性,成为创制小偃麦的主要亲本来源,应用范围最广。本研究从5部分综述小偃麦的创制与应用研究进展,旨在为小偃麦的研发利用和小麦遗传资源创新提供科学依据。
