A review of third generation SiC fibers and SiC_f/SiC composites

Compared with the first and second generations SiC fibers, the third generation SiC fibers have obvious improvement in heat-resistance, oxidation-resistance and creep-resistance, which promote the development of SiCf/SiC composite materials. Therefore, the third generation SiC fibers have more advantages and broader prospects in engineering applications. In this paper, the fabrication and properties of the third generation SiC fibers are compared and discussed. The preparation processes of the third generation SiC fibers reinforced SiC matrix composites and their application in aeroengine and nuclear energy fields are summarized, while their future development is prospected as well.

Variation of photosynthesis,secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities in third generation of spaceflight-induced Salvia miltiorrhiza

Objective: Spaceflight has long been perceived as an effective way to improve the quantity and quality of plants with wide applications. In order to obtain stable and inheritable descendants of spaceflightinduced Salvia miltiorrhiza lines, we investigated and analyzed four lines m16, m50, m51, m57(three individuals of each line) and the ground control(three individuals) of the third generation of spaceflight-induced S. miltiorrhiza from primary/secondary metabolism and antioxidative abilities.Methods: A portable photosynthesis system(Li-6400) with red/blue LED light source was used to perform the photosynthetic characteristics to evaluate their primary productivity. The secondary metabolites(phenolic acids, tanshinones, total phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant activity of roots were analyzed to assess their quality.Results: Compared with control, line m16 presented weak photosynthetic ability, but high apparent quantum yield(AQY), higher contents of secondary metabolites, and stronger antioxidative abilities.Line m57 had a strong gas exchange ability, relatively higher secondary metabolites contents, and ascending antioxidative abilities. Lines m50 and m51 were in the middle level of lines m16 and m57.The principal component analysis for all the original data revealed three components including a rootrelated index, a leaf-related index, and a CO_(2) response parameter could be used to distinguish spaceflight-induced S. miltiorrhiza lines.Conclusion: Line m57 could be an appropriate material for the investigation of targeted breeding towards high production, and line m16 could be used to identify essential genes and unravel sophisticated pathways underlying the secondary metabolisms.

Influence of Oxide Morphologies on Galvanizability of Third Generation Automotive Steel

Focusing on improving the galvanizability of the third generation automotive steel, the effect of surface ox ide morphologies on the galvanizability was studied. The results show that the surface oxide types of sample steels by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis after annealing in different conditions are the same. Only MnO, MnO2 and Cr2O3 were detected and no complex oxide exists on the surface. Morphologies of surface oxides can greatly influence the galvanizability of the third generation automotive steel. Nodule-like oxide surface can contribute to better wettability and inhibition layer than vitreous film like oxide surface. Galvanized panels of nodule-like oxide surface steels only show pinhole sized bare spots, while panels galvanized from vitreous film-like oxide surface steels reveal larger areas of bare spots and uncoated areas. Inhibition layer observed in galvanized panels of nodule-like oxide surface steels is compact but not homogeneous; some inhibition layer grains are fine, and others are coarse, while the inhibition layer grains of panels galvanized from vitreous film-like oxide surface steels have a non-compact morphology with some particularly fine equiaxed crystals which developed deficiently.

Evolution and Reconstruction of Meaning of Right to Peace under New Situation

It is difficult to interpret traditional connotation of the right to peace properly, when facing the increasing changes of international and domestic security situation. As 'the third generation of human rights', for lack of the key element of the right to peace with the intensive nature of the international collective human rights, the right to peace does not highlight the function of protecting peace. It is imperative to build the right to peace system of a Multi-layer and dual meaning, which includes the domestic and international human rights, the collective and individual rights and 'peace' and 'safety'.

Gm Ms1 encodes a kinesin-like protein essential for male fertility in soybean(Glycine max L.)

The application of heterosis is a promising approach for greatly increasing yield in soybean(Glycine max L.). Nuclear male sterility is essential for hybrid seed production and the utilization of heterosis. Here we report the cloning of the gene underlying the soybean male-sterile mutant ms-1,which has been widely used for recurrent selection in soybean breeding programs. We initially delimited the ms1 locus to a 16.15 kb region on chromosome13, based on SLAF_BSA sequencing followed by genotyping of an F_(2) population segregating for the locus. Compared with the same region in fertile plants, the mutant region lacks a sequence of approximately 38.7 kb containing five protein-coding genes, including an ortholog of the kinesin-like protein gene NACK2, named Gm Ms1. The Gm Ms1 knockout plants generated via CRISPR/Casmediated gene editing displayed a complete malesterile phenotype. Metabolic profiling showed that fertile anthers accumulated starch and sucrose normally, whereas sterile anthers had higher anthocyanin levels and lower flavonoid levels and lower antioxidant enzyme activities. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms governing male sterility and demonstrate that Gm Ms1 could be used to create male-sterile lines through targeted mutagenesis. These findings pave the way for designing seed production technology and an intelligent male-sterile line system to utilize heterosis in soybean.

FACTORS OF 3GWC SYSTEMS FOR DRAWING UP CUSTOMIZED STRATEGIES OF PROMOTION

This study utilizes fuzzy analytic hierarchy process （FAHP） to analyze decision-making pattems with regard to third-generation wireless communications （3GWC） service adoption, and to provide customized strategic recommendations to suppliers of 3GWC services regarding marketing and resource allocation in the context of the Chinese 3GWC market. First of all, a three-layer hierarchy of 3GWC adoption factors is developed by referring to the relevant literature and industry reports. A questionnaire of pairwise comparisons in the fuzzy AHP format is then designed and distributed to experts familiar with the handset market in Shanghai, China. These surveys are then analyzed using fuzzy AHP to establish an understanding of the weights and impacts of the various factors. The results show that the four most important factors for the adoption of 3GWC systems are： （i） handset price and voice and data-transmission fees; （ii） handset aesthetics; （iii） personalization; and （iv） network coverage. These findings suggest that providers of such services should customize and diversify the content/applications they offer and ensure the speed and reliability of network access. In addition, handset designs should be in accordance with consumer demands. If these steps can be achieved, then consumers will adopt 3GWC services more rapidly.

A survey on de novo assembly methods for single-molecular sequencing

Background:The single-molecular sequencing(SMS)is under rapid development and generating increasingly long and accurate sequences.De novo assembly of genomes from SMS sequences is a critical step for many genomic studies.To scale well with the developing trends of SMS,many de novo assemblers for SMS have been released.These assembly workflows can be categorized into two different kinds:the correction-and-assembly strategy and the assembly-and-correction strategy,both of which are gaining more and more attentions.Results:In this article we make a discussion on the characteristics of errors in SMS sequences・We then review the currently widely applied de novo assemblers for SMS sequences.We also describe computational methods relevant to de novo assembly,including the alignment methods and the error correction methods.Benchmarks are provided to analyze their performance on different datasets and to provide use guides on applying the computation methods.Conclusion:We make a detailed review on the latest development of de novo assembly and some relevant algorithms for SMS,including their rationales,solutions and results.Besides,we provide use guides on the algorithms based on their benchmark results.Finally we conclude the review by giving some developing trends of third generation sequencing(TGS).

Numerical Study on Heat Transfer and Frictional Resistance of Two Types of Molten Salts in Straight Channels and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Airfoil Channels

Molten salt and supercritical carbon dioxide(sCO_(2))are considered to be one of the most promising combined heat transfer refrigerants for third-generation solar thermal power generation.To evaluate the potential of chloride salts and carbonates in third-generation solar thermal power generation,this paper uses molten salts and sCO_(2)as the working media of printed circuit board heat exchangers(PCHE),and uses numerical simulation to study the heat transfer and friction of PCHE channels with different molten salts and sCO_(2),and establishes predictive correlations respectively.A local heat transfer and friction study was conducted on the sCO_(2)side of the airfoil channel,and it was found that the inlet mass flow rate has a significant impact on it,while the inlet temperature has a relatively small impact.A comprehensive comparison was made between the heat transfer and friction of two molten salts,and the comprehensive performance of chloride salts was 70%-80%higher than that of carbonates.The results indicate that the potential of chloride salts in third-generation solar thermal power generation is much greater than that of carbonates.