PCDH17 restricts dendritic spine morphogenesis by regulating ROCK2-dependent control of the actin cytoskeleton,modulating emotional behavior

Proper regulation of synapse formation and elimination is critical for establishing mature neuronal circuits and maintaining brain function.Synaptic abnormalities,such as defects in the density and morphology of postsynaptic dendritic spines,underlie the pathology of various neuropsychiatric disorders.Protocadherin 17(PCDH17)is associated with major mood disorders,including bipolar disorder and depression.However,the molecular mechanisms by which PCDH17 regulates spine number,morphology,and behavior remain elusive.In this study,we found that PCDH17 functions at postsynaptic sites,restricting the number and size of dendritic spines in excitatory neurons.Selective overexpression of PCDH17 in the ventral hippocampal CA1 results in spine loss and anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in mice.Mechanistically,PCDH17 interacts with actin-relevant proteins and regulates actin filament(F-actin)organization.Specifically,PCDH17 binds to ROCK2,increasing its expression and subsequently enhancing the activity of downstream targets such as LIMK1 and the phosphorylation of cofilin serine-3(Ser3).Inhibition of ROCK2 activity with belumosudil(KD025)ameliorates the defective F-actin organization and spine structure induced by PCDH17 overexpression,suggesting that ROCK2 mediates the effects of PCDH17 on F-actin content and spine development.Hence,these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which PCDH17 regulates synapse development and behavior,providing pathological insights into the neurobiological basis of mood disorders.

Curved Spine:The Shape of Spine in Taoist Body Diagrams and Its Influence on Medical Body Diagrams

From the early Taoist diagrams of the human body to the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,Taoists exaggerated and deformed the human spine in a shape-shifting manner.It is likely that medical practitioners were influenced by this style of representation,and there are also numerous diagrams of the human body with the curved spine in the lateral-view diagrams of viscera and Ming Tang Tu(明堂图Acupuncture and Moxibustion Chart),which constantly show the human torso in an elliptical“egg shape”.No later than the Ming dynasty,medical practitioners began to depict the actual physiological spinal curve of the human body.By the Qing dynasty,the depiction of the spinal curve in medical diagrams of the human figure showed a tendency to part ways with the Taoist freehand style of the previous generation.Although the representation of the curve of the spine was very crude,later medical images of the human body at least gradually straightened the spine and no longer depicted it in a shape-shifting manner.However,the curved spine in Taoist diagrams of the human body continued to exist,and the presentation of the curved spine never changed.This way of depicting its appearance,which is very different from reality,is shaped by Taoism's special way of perceiving and viewing the body,and may also contain another form of truth.

Ethanol changes Nestin-promoter induced neural stem cells to disturb newborn dendritic spine remodeling in the hippocampus of mice

Adolescent binge drinking leads to long-lasting disorders of the adult central nervous system,particularly aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis.In this study,we applied in vivo fluorescent tracing using NestinCreERT2::Rosa26-tdTomato mice and analyzed the endogenous neurogenesis lineage progression of neural stem cells(NSCs)and dendritic spine formation of newborn neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus.We found abnormal orientation of tamoxifen-induced tdTomato+(tdTom^(+))NSCs in adult mice 2 months after treatment with EtOH(5.0 g/kg,i.p.)for 7 consecutive days.EtOH markedly inhibited tdTom^(+)NSCs activation and hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse dentate gyrus from adolescence to adulthood.EtOH(100 mM)also significantly inhibited the proliferation to 39.2%and differentiation of primary NSCs in vitro.Adult mice exposed to EtOH also exhibited marked inhibitions in dendritic spine growth and newborn neuron maturation in the dentate gyrus,which was partially reversed by voluntary running or inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycinenhancer of zeste homolog 2 pathway.In vivo tracing revealed that EtOH induced abnormal orientation of tdTom+NSCs and spatial misposition defects of newborn neurons,thus causing the disturbance of hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic spine remodeling in mice.

Demineralized Bone Matrix Fibers plus Allograft Bone for Multilevel Posterolateral Spine Fusion: A Game Changer?

Introduction: While autograft bone is the gold standard for multilevel posterolateral lumbar fusion, bone substitutes and graft extenders such as allograft bone, ceramics and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) have been used to avoid the morbidity and insufficient quantity associated with harvesting autologous bone. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to determine whether, in patients with increased risk of operative nonunion related to multilevel fusion, adding DBM fibers to mineralized bone allograft resulted in better fusion than using allograft alone. The secondary objectives were to evaluate how adding DBM fibers affects functional disability, low back pain, intraoperative blood loss and the nonunion rate. Methods: This retrospective study involved a chart review of consecutive patients who underwent multilevel lumbar spinal fusion and were operated on by a single surgeon. The patients were divided into two groups: 14 patients received mineralized bone allograft (control group) and 14 patients received a combination of mineralized bone allograft and DBM (experimental group). Patients were reviewed at a mean of 16.4 ± 2.2 months after surgery at which point CT scans were analyzed to determine whether fusion had occurred;Oswestry disability index (ODI) and pain were also evaluated. Results: A mean of 5 levels [min 2, max 13] were fused in these patients. Posterolateral fusion as defined by the Lenke classification was not significantly different between groups. The experimental DBM group had a significantly better composite fusion score than the control group (P Discussion: Adding DBM fibers to allograft bone during multilevel posterolateral spinal fusion was safe and produced better composite fusion than using allograft only as an autograft extender.

Clinical Study of Tianji Robotic-Assisted Surgery for Upper Cervical Spine Fractures

Object: To compare the safety, clinical efficacy, and complication rate of “Tianji” robot-assisted surgery with traditional open surgery in the treatment of cervical vertebrae fracture. Methods: 60 patients with upper cervical vertebrae fracture admitted to Baise People’s Hospital between November 2018 and April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 29 underwent “Tianji” robot-assisted surgery (Robot group), and 31 underwent traditional C-arm fluoroscopy-assisted open surgery (Open group). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 27.0 software to compare general data (gender, age, BMI), preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, neck disability index (NDI), intraoperative blood loss, accuracy of screw placement on imaging, and the number of complications in both groups for comprehensive evaluation. A P value < 0.05 was deemed to have achieved statistical significance. Results: There was no significant difference in preoperative VAS scores between the two groups (Robot group: 8.34 ± 0.61;Open group: 8.26 ± 0.68, P = 0.317). There was also no significant difference in VAS scores at 1 week postoperatively (Robot group: 6.90 ± 0.31;Open group: 6.94 ± 0.36, P = 0.3237). Preoperative NDI scores showed no significant difference between the two groups (Robot group: 43.31 ± 2.67;Open group: 43.84 ± 2.67, P = 0.2227), and the difference in NDI scores at 1 week postoperatively was also not significant (Robot group: 35.69 ± 4.24;Open group: 37.35 ± 3.48, P = 0.0509). Intraoperative blood loss in the Robot group was significantly lower than in the Open group (246.21 ± 209 ml vs 380.65 ± 328.04 ml, P = 0.0308), with a statistically significant difference. The operation time was longer in the Robot group (3.75 ± 0.74 h) compared to the Open group (2.74 ± 0.86 h). In terms of screw placement accuracy, the Robot group had a higher accuracy rate for Class A screws compared to the Open group (102 screws vs 94 screws, P = 0.0487), and the accuracy rate for Class B screws was also higher in the Robot group (13 screws vs 29 screws, P = 0.0333), with both differences being statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the number of complications between the two groups (Robot group: 8 cases;Open group: 10 cases, P = 0.6931). Conclusion: Patients treated with “Tianji” robot-assisted surgery for upper cervical vertebrae fracture had lower intraoperative blood loss and higher screw placement accuracy compared to those undergoing traditional C-arm fluoroscopy-assisted open surgery, indicating that this robot-assisted surgery can effectively reduce intraoperative blood loss and improve screw placement accuracy.

Thoracic spine infection caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The clinical incidence of spinal infection is gradually increasing,and its onset is insidious,easily leading to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis,which may lead to serious complications such as nervous system dysfunction,spinal instability and/or deformity,and cause a huge burden on society and families.Early identification of the causative agent and precision medicine will greatly reduce the suffering of patients.At present,the main pathogenic bacteria that cause spinal infection are Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus,Pneumococcus,Escherichia coli,and Klebsiella.There are no reports of spinal infection caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens.CASE SUMMARY We report a 32-year-old female patient with spinal infection.She presented with flank pain,initially thought to be bone metastases or bone tuberculosis,and had a family background of tumors.Her clinical features and changes in imaging and laboratory tests led to the suspicion of thoracic spine infection.Histopathology of the lesion showed inflammation,tissue culture of the lesion was negative several times,and the possible pathogen-Pseudomonas fluorescens was found after gene sequencing of the lesion.The patient recovered completely after a full course of antibiotic treatment.CONCLUSION This report increases the range of pathogens involved in spinal infections,highlights the unique advantages of gene sequencing technology in difficult-todiagnose diseases,and validates conservative treatment with a full course of antibiotics for spinal infections without complications.

Radiological findings of February 2023 twin earthquakes-related spine injuries

BACKGROUND The February 6,2023,twin earthquakes in Türkiye caused significant structural damage and a high number of injuries,particularly affecting the spine,which underscores the importance of understanding the distribution and nature of vertebral injuries in disaster victims.AIM To investigate the distribution of radiological findings of vertebral injuries in patients referred to a major tertiary center during the February 6,2023 twin earthquakes in Türkiye.METHODS With the approval of the institutional ethics committee,1216 examinations of 238 patients transferred from the region to a tertiary major hospital after the twin earthquakes of February 6,2023,were retrospectively analyzed for spine injuries.RESULTS Spine computed tomography(CT)scans were performed in 192 of 238 patients with a suspected spinal injury,42 of whom also had an magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).In 86 of 192 patients(44.79%;M:F=33:53)a spinal fracture was detected on CT and in 33 of 42 patients(78.57%;M:F=20:13)a spinal injury was found on MRI.Of the 86 patients in whom vertebral injury was detected,fractures were detected in the Denis-B group in 33,Denis-C in 4,Denis-D in 20 and Denis-E in 11 patients.Among the vertebral bodies:40"compression fractures",17"burst fractures",5"translational dislocation fractures",5"flexion-distraction fractures"and 58"prolonged forced fetal posture fractures"were detected.In addition,isolated transverse or spinous process fractures were found in eighteen vertebrae.CONCLUSION Our study highlights the prevalence and diverse spectrum of spinal injuries following the February 6,2023 twin earthquakes in Turkey underscoring the urgent need for effective management strategies in similar disaster scenarios,and emphasizing the"prolonged forced fetal posture"damage we encountered in earthquake victims who remained under the collapse for a long time.

Academic Stress Assessment Using Virtual Reality as an Educational Tool in Spine Surgery

Introduction: The evaluation of academic stress in medical students and residents is a topic of significant interest, given the considerable challenges they face during their learning process with traditional teaching methods. The use of technologies like virtual reality presents an opportunity to enhance their skills through simulations and training. The main objective of this study is to qualitatively assess the stress levels experienced by medical students and residents by integrating virtual reality into their current learning methods, aiming to improve their ability to manage stressors in their practice. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was conducted with 12 medical students and 12 Traumatology and orthopedics residents. The purpose of the questionnaire was to evaluate the levels of academic stress using the SISCO inventory. The stress levels were calculated by transforming average values into percentages, and the following criteria were assigned: 0 to 33% for Mild Stress, 34 to 66% for Moderate Stress, and 67 to 100% for Deep Stress. Then, a virtual reality class focused on spine surgery was provided. Both medical students and residents were trained using the Non Nocere SharpSurgeon software platform and Oculus Quest 2 virtual reality glasses. At the end of the session, a second questionnaire related to the practice with virtual reality was conducted with the same evaluation criteria and a comparative analysis was carried out. Results: 12 undergraduate students from Hospital Angeles Mexico, CDMX and 12 traumatology and orthopedics residents at Hospital Santa Fe, Bogota were evaluated. The students in CDMX reported an average qualitative stress of 28.50% during habitual practices, which decreased to an average of 14.67% after virtual reality practice. Residents in Bogotá experienced an average qualitative stress of 30.50% with their current learning methods but this reduced to an average of 13.92% after using virtual reality. These findings indicate that the use of virtual reality has a positive impact on reducing stress levels qualitatively. Conclusions: The use of virtual reality as a learning method for medical students and residents qualitatively improves stress levels. Further studies are required to define the potential uses of Virtual Reality to improve learning methods and emotional state in medical students and residents and for a quantitative assessment to validate the training as certified learning methods.

Background,techniques,applications,current trends,and future directions of minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery:A review of literature

Across many of the surgical specialties,the use of minimally invasive techniques that utilize indirect visualization has been increasingly replacing traditional techniques which utilize direct visualization.Arthroscopic surgery of the appendicular skeleton has evolved dramatically and become an integral part of musculoskeletal surgery over the last several decades,allowing surgeons to achieve similar or better outcomes,while reducing cost and recovery time.However,to date,the axial skeleton,with its close proximity to critical neural and vascular structures,has not adopted endoscopic techniques at as rapid of a rate.Over the past decade,increased patient demand for less invasive spine surgery combined with surgeon desire to meet these demands has driven significant evolution and innovation in endoscopic spine surgery.In addition,there has been an enormous advancement in technologies that assist in navigation and automation that help surgeons circumvent limitations of direct visualization inherent to less invasive techniques.There are currently a multitude of endoscopic techniques and approaches that can be utilized in the treatment of spine disorders,many of which are evolving rapidly.Here we present a review of the field of endoscopic spine surgery,including the background,techniques,applications,current trends,and future directions,to help providers gain a better understanding of this growing modality in spine surgery.

Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Genes Related to Spine Development in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Fruit spine is an important quality trait of cucumber.To better understand the molecular basis of cucumber spine development and function,RNA-Seq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in fruit spines of different development stages,namely,8 days before anthesis(SpBA8),anthesis(SpA)and 8 days after anthesis(SpAA8).Stage-wise comparisons obtained 2,259(SpBA8 vs.SpA),4,551(SpA vs.SpAA8),and 5,290(SpBA8 vs.SpAA8)DEGs.All the DEGs were classified into eight expression clusters by trend analysis.Among these DEGs,in addition to the Mict,Tril,CsTTG1,CsMYB6,NS,and Tu genes that have been reported to regulate fruit spine formation,we found that the CsHDG11,CsSCL8,CsSPL8,CsZFP6 and CsZFP8 may also be involved in spine development in cucumber.Our study provides a theoretical basis for further research on molecular mechanisms of spine development in cucumber.

Selection of Surgical Approach and Clinical Significance of Lower Cervical Spine Injuries Guided by SLIC Scoring System

Objective: To explore the feasibility and clinical significance of surgical approach selection for cervical spine injury guided by SLIC scoring system. Methods: The clinical data of 75 patients with lower cervical injury surgery from January 2020 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 48 males and 27 females. Age: 28 - 65 years old. Causes of injury: 39 cases of traffic accidents, 15 cases of ice and snow sports, 12 cases of falling from high places, 9 cases of heavy objects. There were 12 cases of C3-4, 33 cases of C4-5, 21 cases of C5-6, and 9 cases of C6-7. Time from injury to medical treatment: 4 h - 2 d. Cervical spine X-ray, MRI, MDCT examination and preoperative SLIC score were performed on admission. Anterior approach was performed by subtotal cervical vertebrae resection or discectomy, titanium Cage or cage supported bone grafting and anterior titanium plate fixation. Posterior approach was performed with cervical laminoplasty, lateral mass or pedicle screw fixation and fusion. The combined anterior-posterior operation was performed by the anterior methods+ posterior methods. The time from injury to surgery is 12 h to 3 d. The function before and after operation was evaluated by JOA efficacy evaluation criteria. The correlation between the three surgical approaches and postoperative efficacy and SLIC score was compared. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: In this group of 75 patients, 32 cases of anterior operation, 22 cases of posterior operation and 21 cases of combined operation were followed up for no less than 12 months. There was no significant difference in age, gender, injury cause, injury segment, time from injury to treatment, and time from injury to operation among the three surgical approaches, which were comparable. The SLIC scores of mild, moderate and severe injuries of anterior surgery, posterior surgery and combined anterior and posterior surgery, They were (5.26 ± 1.24, 5.86 ± 1.67, 8.25 ± 0.21), (5.57 ± 1.43, 5.99 ± 1.85, 9.00 ± 0.25), (0, 5.98 ± 0.33, 9.44 ± 0.34), respectively. By comparing the SLIC scores and JOA scores of anterior surgery and posterior surgery, there was no difference in SLIC scores and JOA scores between the two groups for mild and moderate injuries (P > 0.05). However, the JOA scores at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery were different from those before surgery, and the postoperative efficacy and JOA scores were significantly improved (P & lt;0.05), indicating that the two surgical methods had the same therapeutic effect, that is, anterior or posterior surgery could be used to treat mild or moderate injuries (P > 0.05). There were differences in SLIC scores among the three surgical approaches for severe injury (P 0.05). The postoperative efficacy and JOA score of combined anterior-posterior approach were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P Conclusion: SLIC score not only provides accurate judgment for conservative treatment or surgical treatment of cervical spine injury, but also provides evidence-based medical basis and reference value for the selection of surgical approach and surgical method. According to the SLIC score, the surgical approach is safe and feasible. When the SLIC score is 4 - 7, anterior surgery is selected for type A injury, and posterior surgery is selected for type B injury. When the SLIC score is ≥8, combined anterior-posterior surgery should be selected. It is of great significance for clinical formulation of precision treatment strategy.

Socio-Demographic Profile of Patients Victims of Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (Congo)

Introduction: Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) are a public health problem. Subaxial cervical spine trauma (SCST) is the most common. They are a source of neurological consequences that can affect the functional prognosis, but above all vital. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of patients with lower cervical spine trauma. Method: We carried out a cross-sectional and retrospective study over seven years, from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, in the multipurpose surgery department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. We included all patients hospitalized for SCST, having performed at least one radiological examination. We excluded all patients whose records were incomplete. Results: We recorded 90 cases of SCST, and 60 cases met our selection criteria. The median age was 37 years, with the extremes of 6 and 83, the sex ratio of 3.6. The level of education was secondary in 45 cases (75%), and university in 13 cases (21.7%). Road traffic accidents accounted for 68.3% of cases, followed by falls in 16.7%. Motorcyclists were the most frequent victims (46.3%). Among the 60 patients in the series, three (5%) had health insurance. Conclusion: The SCST concerns subjects in their thirties, of the male sex. Road traffic accidents are the first cause, and mainly concern motorcyclists.

Effect of cervical spine surgery on the biomechanics of the cervical spine

In clinical practice,cervical spine surgery inevitably alters the original physiological structure of the cervical spine,thus causing changes in the original biomechanical properties of the cervical spine.The biomechanical properties of the cervical spine are particularly significant as it is an essential structure that supports the head and connects the trunk.Different cervical spine surgery options can have different effects on the biomechanics of the cervical spine.Therefore,this review will discuss recent research advances on the effects of cervical spine surgery on cervical spine biomechanics.We hope that this review will provide some theoretical basis for future studies on the biomechanical effects of cervical spine surgery on the cervical spine.

有限元法分析老年骨质疏松患者L_(3/4)椎板减压椎间融合的力学性能

背景:老年骨质疏松患者同时罹患高位腰椎间盘突出的发病人数逐年增加,行常规后入路椎板减压及椎间融合术后腰椎整体力学强度及邻近椎体的生物力学性能改变尚未明确。有限元分析方法以其无创、可重复性高、结果精确等优势在生物力学领域具有重要价值。目的:基于有限元分析方法,针对老年骨质疏松患者的特定人群,建立L_(3/4)椎板减压椎间融合的有限元模型,评估弯腰动作下骨骼内固定复合体的生物力学情况。方法:利用Mimics 21.0提取脊柱CT的DICOM数据建立腰椎(T_(12)-L_(5))三维骨性结构,导入Geomagic wrap 2017,通过重划网格、删除钉状物、剪切模型、填充空洞、探测并编辑轮廓线、构造曲面片及格栅、拟合曲面等操作建立L_(3/4)全椎板减压模型。利用Solidworks 2017构建椎弓根螺钉、连接杆、椎间融合器,将其组装于L_(3/4)全椎板减压模型,通过拉伸、等距曲面、移动与复制实体等操作建立椎间盘、关节突软骨等结构。应用ANSYS Workbench 17.0进行材料赋值、模拟脊柱韧带、网格划分、施加作用力及限定边界条件,建立完整骨质疏松性L_(3/4)椎板减压及椎间融合脊柱有限元模型。观察弯腰工况下L_(3/4)椎板减压及椎间融合全腰椎有限元模型的应力、应变及位移云图。结果与结论:(1)应力云图方面:T_(12)-L_(1)椎体平均应力值最高,L_(2)下降24%,L_(3)下降55%,L_(4-5)下降约80%;L_(4/5)关节突区域应力集中程度最高,L_(2/3)次之,L_(1/2)及T_(12)/L_(1)程度轻;螺钉与连接杆交界处应力集中明显,螺钉在椎弓根进出口处次之;(2)应变与位移云图方面:L_(4/5)及L_(2/3)关节突的应变程度最高,T_(12)/L_(1)及L_(1/2)的应变程度次之,L_(3/4)节段融合器、椎弓根螺钉及连接杆无任何可见变形;各节段椎间盘均出现较大变形;(3)提示多软件协同操作可顺利构建老年骨质疏松性L_(3/4)椎板减压及椎间融合脊柱有限元模型;老年腰椎术后患者可耐受前屈动作,证实L_(3/4)椎板减压及椎间融合能够维持脊柱形态并保证脊柱稳定性,但是需警惕胸腰椎应力性骨折及邻椎病的发生。

MDT教学在进修医师脊柱肿瘤培训中的应用研究

目的:探讨多学科协作(multi-disciplinary team, MDT)教学在脊柱肿瘤教学中的效果。方法:选择2020年9月至2022年9月在北京大学第三医院骨科进修的脊柱外科专业的32名进修医师为研究对象,采用试验对照方法,在脊柱原发性肿瘤教学时采取MDT教学,在脊柱转移瘤教学时采取传统查房方法教学。通过客观的考核、课堂体验调查,对比两种不同教学方法的教学效果。结果:考核结果表明,在判断肿瘤良恶性、制定手术方案以及术后是否需要放化疗或靶向治疗这3个问题上,两种教学方法下医师得分分别为(9.0±1.1)分、(9.2±0.7)分、(9.1±0.8)分以及(7.4±1.4)分、(7.2±1.1)分、(6.8±0.9)分,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查结果表明,65.6%的医师认为MDT教学使其对脊柱肿瘤更感兴趣,71.9%的医师认为MDT教学提高了其自主学习能力,75.0%的医师认为MDT教学提高了其学习效率,87.5%的医师认为MDT教学增长了其脊柱肿瘤的相关知识。结论:采用MDT教学可以激发进修医师的学习兴趣,提高自主学习能力及学习效率,更好地掌握脊柱肿瘤相关知识。

单节段镜下融合治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性疾病的近期疗效

目的:探讨单节段镜下融合术治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效。方法:纳入2018年6月~2022年2月因腰椎退行性疾病接受腰椎单节段镜下融合手术,且住院期间完善双能X线吸收法(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)骨密度检测的病例24例,其中男7例、女17例;年龄44~80岁,平均66.0±9.9岁,术后随访时间21.6±12.6(3~47)个月。按是否合并骨质疏松症分为2组,其中8例合并骨质疏松症(骨质疏松组),16例不合并骨质疏松症(对照组)。骨质疏松症病例及时予抗骨松治疗。镜下融合手术均采用工作内径7.1mm的同轴水介质大通道脊柱内镜。比较两组患者一般资料及围手术期指标,术前、术后3d及末次随访时使用疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评价临床疗效。术后3d复查腰椎数字X线摄影(digital radiography,DR)及腰椎计算机体层摄影(computed tomography,CT)评价减压与内固定情况;末次随访时行腰椎DR者,评估螺钉松动及融合器沉降情况;术后随访超过6个月且复查腰椎CT者,判断融合情况。记录并比较两组患者并发症发生情况。结果:两组患者的年龄、性别、术前诊断、术前椎间隙高度、手术节段,术前VAS、JOA评分及ODI等均无统计学差异。骨质疏松组最低骨密度平均值T=-3.2±0.6,明显低于对照组T=-1.4±0.8(P=0.000)。骨质疏松组平均手术时间为429.9±135.2min,对照组平均手术时间327.4±68.2min,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.020)。术中影像辅助方式、出血量、单侧入路双侧减压(unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression,ULBD)例数、术后椎间隙高度、住院天数两组间无统计学差异。两组术后3d及末次随访时腰痛/腿痛VAS评分、JOA评分及ODI均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组间比较均无统计学差异。两组术后3d椎间隙高度与术前比较显著增加(P<0.01),组间比较无统计学差异。并发症方面,骨质疏松组1例严重骨质疏松症患者(腰椎T=-4.4)术中置入融合器时损伤终板,出现融合器沉降,但无症状,无需特殊处理;另有1例硬膜撕裂合并神经根损伤,经神经营养等对症处理后症状缓解。末次随访时18例复查腰椎DR,随访时间超过6个月者10例复查腰椎CT,骨质疏松组与对照组相比,融合器沉降率、螺钉松动率与融合率均无统计学差异(P=1.000)。结论:单节段镜下融合术治疗合并骨质疏松的腰椎退变性疾病近期疗效安全有效。

郑氏手法结合针刺治疗中老年神经根型颈椎病对其颈椎生理曲度影响的临床观察

目的观察郑氏手法结合针刺治疗中老年神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效及对其颈椎生理曲度的影响。方法将该院2021年6月—2022年5月收治的63例符合神经根型颈椎病急性期诊断标准的患者分为治疗组和对照组,其中治疗组在治疗中脱离2例,完成治疗30例,对照组在治疗中脱离1例,完成治疗30例。治疗组采用郑氏手法结合普通针刺治疗,对照组采用普通手法结合针刺治疗。1周治疗5次,两组均治疗2周。比较两组总体疗效,比较两组治疗前后视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)、颈椎功能障碍指数(neck disability index,NDI)和颈椎病临床评价量表(clinical evaluation scale of cervical spondylosis,CASCS)评分变化;比较两组治疗前后颈椎生理曲度变化。结果治疗组治疗总有效率为86.67%(26/30),对照组治疗总有效率为63.33%(19/30)。治疗组总体疗效优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后VAS评分、NDI评分低于对照组,CASCS评分高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后颈椎生理弧度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论郑氏手法结合针刺是治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效方案,值得临床进一步研究。

应用钉道骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉技术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折伴后凸畸形的中远期疗效

目的:评价应用钉道骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉技术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松椎体骨折伴后凸畸形的安全性和中期临床效果。方法:回顾性研究分析2017年1月~2020年10月收治的高龄骨质疏松椎体骨折伴后凸畸形患者的临床资料,根据是否使用骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉技术分为强化组(椎弓根螺钉固定时采用钉道骨水泥强化,22例)、对照组(椎弓根螺钉固定时未采用骨水泥强化,23例)。强化组男9例,女13例;年龄70~91岁,平均78.68±7.12岁;病程1.1~3.8年,平均2.39±0.71年。对照组男10例,女13例;年龄70~89岁,平均77.73±5.83岁,病程0.8~3.3年,平均2.38±0.67年。随访36~69个月,比较末次随访时两组椎弓根螺钉松动发生率及脊柱后凸畸形矫正率、疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)改善率。结果:强化组手术减压1~2个节段,固定融合6~9个节段,行SPO截骨14例、PSO截骨8例,手术时间221±32min,出血量939±113mL。对照组手术减压1~3个节段,固定融合6~8个节段,行SPO截骨16例、PSO截骨7例,手术时间209±36min,出血量979±111mL。强化组1例、对照组2例出现脑脊液漏,给予术中修补硬膜、严密缝合切口及术后头低脚高体位等处理。两组的减压节段(t=1.785,P=0.081)、融合节段(t=0.922,P=0.362)、手术时间(t=1.162,P=0.252)、出血量(t=1.193,P=0.239)及脑脊液渗漏并发症(χ^(2)=0.311,P=0.577)对比均无统计学差异。无切口感染、骨水泥渗漏至椎管引起神经症状的并发症。末次随访时,螺钉松动率强化组0%(0/268),对照组18.6%(45/242),两组对比螺钉松动率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=54.657,P=0.000);后凸畸形矫正率强化组(73.27±9.78)%、对照组(55.96±11.31)%。两组后凸矫形率对比有显著差异性(t=5.480,P=0.000);VAS改善率强化组(67.94±14.72)%、对照组(74.29±13.18)%,两组VAS改善率对比无显著差异性(t=1.526,P=0.134);ODI改善率强化组(82.01±3.11)%、对照组(81.96±3.58)%,两组ODI功能评分改善率对比无显著差异性(t=0.41,P=0.968)。结论:应用钉道骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉技术行减压截骨矫形长节段固定融合术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体骨折伴后凸畸形,能够有效降低椎弓根螺钉松动率、提高矫形率,临床疗效满意。

中国腰椎研究对世界腰椎医学的贡献

目的:探究中国腰椎研究对世界的贡献。方法:在Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库中,对腰椎相关研究的主题词进行文献检索,采用文献计量方法对收集到的文献进行统计和分析;利用数据库(https://www.geenmedical.com)对国家自然科学基金资助的腰椎研究项目进行检索,在国家科学技术奖励工作办公室官网(https://www.nosta.gov.cn/web/index.aspx)下载2000~2020年国家科学技术进步奖资助的项目信息,检索与腰椎研究相关的项目;采用CiteSpace软件对近5年腰椎研究的文献进行可视化研究,分析腰椎研究的趋势。结果:在WOS数据库中,共检索到腰椎相关研究的论著44381篇。其中腰椎间盘退变4977篇,腰椎生物力学2977篇,腰椎间盘突出症5568篇,腰椎管狭窄症6509篇,腰椎滑脱症3861篇,退行性脊柱侧凸1155篇。TOP10国家/地区文章数量显示:美国14742篇,位居第一位;中国5432篇,仅次于美国,位居世界第二位,占比12.2%。文章发表数量方面:腰椎间盘突出症领域,中国为发文量最多的国家;其他相关的腰椎研究,中国的发文量均仅次于美国,位于全世界的第二位。2006~2019年中国国家自然科学基金资助的腰椎研究项目共91项,总资助金额4023万元,研究热点主要包括:腰椎退变、基因、生物力学。2000~2020年中国国家科学技术进步奖资助的腰椎研究项目共计9项,研究热点主要包括:脊柱畸形、骨质疏松、腰椎微创。近5年腰椎研究的趋势主要集中在腰椎退变、腰椎融合、腰椎稳定性、手术治疗原则、手术失败的危险因素、机器学习以及微创手术。结论:中国腰椎研究对世界的贡献巨大,主要表现为以下几个方面:中国多层次的基金资助机构大力资助腰椎相关的研究;中国多个高校及研究机构大力支持腰椎相关研究;众多中国腰椎领域专家高度重视腰椎研究,发表了多篇高水平的研究成果;多篇文章为高被引文献。

椎体强化术后恢复高度对邻近椎体的影响:一项有限元分析

背景:椎体压缩骨折是当前骨科领域中常见的疾病,椎体强化术后邻近椎体发生再骨折是一个不可忽视的问题,这对患者的正常生活产生了严重的影响。目的:旨在利用CT图像,建立不同恢复高度的椎体强化后模型。采用有限元分析的方法得出不同恢复高度下邻近椎体的应力情况,并进一步探讨椎体强化术后伤椎高度恢复的重要性。方法:建立并验证了胸腰椎(T_(11)-L3)有限元模型,并在此基础上构建了4种不同恢复高度(100%,80%,60%,40%)的L1术后有限元模型,其中骨水泥容量随着恢复高度的变化而变化。具体模型如下:Model 1为正常恢复高度的术后模型,骨水泥容量为8.3 mL;Model 2为L1前部高度切除20%,后凸角变为10.41°的术后模型,骨水泥容量为6.9 mL;Model 3为L1前部高度切除40%,后凸角变为20.17°的术后模型,骨水泥容量为4.7 mL;Model 4为L1前部高度切除60%,后凸角变为28.85°的术后模型,骨水泥容量为3.6 mL。对术后模型进行评估时,施加了7Nm的力矩和500N的轴向力,记录并分析L2上终板和T12下终板的峰值应力,以及L2和T12松质骨的峰值应力。结果与结论:①L2上终板、T12下终板、L2松质骨、T12松质骨各工况的最高峰值应力都出现在Model 1和Model 4,特别是T12下终板(除后伸工况外),前屈、左右侧弯和左右旋转工况都在Model 4达到了最高峰值应力,应力分别为50.3,33.1,44.9,34.3,31.9 MPa;②根据邻近椎体终板和松质骨的峰值应力,排除Model 1和Model 4两个模型后,大部分工况的最小峰值应力都是出现在Model 2模型上,且Model 2模型出现最小峰值应力的情况占据了66.6%,尤其是在L2的上终板和松质骨(除后伸工况外),最小峰值应力都是出现在了Mode 2上;③因此将恢复高度控制在原高度的100%和40%左右是比较危险的恢复高度,对邻近椎体的影响较大;将恢复高度控制在原高度的80%左右可能是一个较为理想的选择;恢复高度在原高度的80%左右,邻近椎体所承受的应力较小,从而减小了患者发生邻近椎体再骨折的风险。