Predictors of disease recurrence after radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage IIb-IIIa squamous cell lung cancer:A retrospective analysis

BACKGROUND Lung cancer(LC)is a global medical,social and economic problem and is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of mortality from malignant neoplasms.LC is characterized by an aggressive course,and in the presence of disease recurrence risk factors,patients,even at an early stage,may be indicated for adjuvant therapy to improve survival.However,combined treatment does not always guarantee a favorable prognosis.In this regard,establishing predictors of LC recurrence is highly important both for determining the optimal treatment plan for the patients and for evaluating its effectiveness.AIM To establish predictors of disease recurrence after radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage IIb-IIIa lung squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).METHODS A retrospective case-control cohort study included 69 patients with LSCC who underwent radical surgery at the Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncology Center from 2009 to 2018.Postoperatively,all patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.Histological samples of the resected lung were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors associated with the risk of disease recurrence.Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to discriminate between patients with a high risk of disease recurrence and those with a low risk of disease recurrence.Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves between patient subgroups.Differences were considered to be significant at P<0.05.RESULTS The following predictors of a high risk of disease recurrence in patients with stage IIb-IIa LSCC were established:a low degree of tumor differentiation[odds ratio(OR)=7.94,95%CI=1.08-135.81,P=0.049];metastases in regional lymph nodes(OR=5.67,95%CI=1.09-36.54,P=0.048);the presence of loose,fine-fiber connective tissue in the tumor stroma(OR=21.70,95%CI=4.27-110.38,P=0.0002);and fragmentation of the tumor solid component(OR=2.53,95%CI=1.01-12.23,P=0.049).The area under the curve of the predictive model was 0.846(95%CI=0.73-0.96,P<0.0001).The sensitivity,accuracy and specificity of the method were 91.8%,86.9%and 75.0%,respectively.In the group of patients with a low risk of LSCC recurrence,the 1-,2-and 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)rates were 84.2%,84.2%and 75.8%,respectively,while in the group with a high risk of LSCC recurrence the DFS rates were 71.7%,40.1%and 8.2%,respectively(P<0.00001).Accordingly,in the first group of patients,the 1-,2-and 5-year overall survival(OS)rates were 94.7%,82.5%and 82.5%,respectively,while in the second group of patients,the OS rates were 89.8%,80.1%and 10.3%,respectively(P<0.00001).CONCLUSION The developed method allows us to identify a group of patients at high risk of disease recurrence and to adjust to ongoing treatment.

The Application of Forward Control Nursing in Anesthesia, Recovery, and Rehabilitation of Thoracoscopic Lung Cancer Radical Surgery

Objective: To explore the clinical application effect of formulating the operating room nursing work procedure sheet for elderly lung cancer patients in thoracoscopic radical surgery. Methods: A total of 85 elderly patients with lung cancer treated in our hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were included as the study population for this research. They were divided into a study group of 42 cases and a regular group of 43 cases. The regular group of elderly patients received routine nursing care, while the study group of elderly patients was provided with the operating room nursing care work procedure sheet. The surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, time to mobilization, and postoperative complication rate were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results: Compared to the regular group, the study group had significantly shorter surgical duration and time to mobilization, as well as less intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of postoperative complications in the study group (4.76%) was significantly lower than that in the regular group (19.05%) (P Conclusion: Formulating the operating room nursing work procedure sheet for elderly lung cancer patients can effectively improve surgical efficiency, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and promote patient prognosis in thoracoscopic radical surgery. Therefore, this model is worth promoting and adopting in clinical practice.

Impact of thoracic paravertebral block and sufentanil on outcomes and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery

BACKGROUND Postoperative pain management and cognitive function preservation are crucial for patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer(LC).This is achieved using either a thoracic paravertebral block(TPVB)or sufentanil(SUF)-based multimodal analgesia.However,the efficacy and impact of their combined use on postoperative pain and postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)remain unclear.AIM To explore the analgesic effect and the influence on POCD of TPVB combined with SUF-based multimodal analgesia in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection for LC to help optimize postoperative pain management and improve patient outcomes.METHODS This retrospective analysis included 107 patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection for LC at The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital between May 2021 and January 2023.Patients receiving SUF-based multimodal analgesia(n=50)and patients receiving TPVB+SUF-based multimodal analgesia(n=57)were assigned to the control group and TPVB group,respectively.We compared the Ramsay Sedation Scale and visual analog scale(VAS)scores at rest and with cough between the two groups at 2,12,and 24 h after surgery.Serum levels of epinephrine(E),angio-tensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ),norepinephrine(NE),superoxide dismutase(SOD),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and S-100 calcium-binding proteinβ(S-100β)were measured before and 24 h after surgery.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)was administered 1 day before surgery and at 3 and 5 days after surgery,and the occurrence of POCD was monitored for 5 days after surgery.Adverse reactions were also recorded.RESULTS There were no significant time point,between-group,and interaction effects in Ramsay sedation scores between the two groups(P>0.05).Significantly,there were notable time point effects,between-group differences,and interaction effects observed in VAS scores both at rest and with cough(P<0.05).The VAS scores at rest and with cough at 12 and 24 h after surgery were lower than those at 2 h after surgery and gradually decreased as postoperative time increased(P<0.05).The TPVB group had lower VAS scores than the control group at 2,12,and 24 h after surgery(P<0.05).The MMSE scores at postoperative days 1 and 3 were markedly higher in the TPVB group than in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of POCD was significantly lower in the TPVB group than in the control group within 5 days after surgery(P<0.05).Both groups had elevated serum E,Ang Ⅱ,and NE and decreased serum SOD levels at 24 h after surgery compared with the preoperative levels,with better indices in the TPVB group(P<0.05).Marked elevations in serum levels of VEGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,and S-100β were observed in both groups at 24 h after surgery,with lower levels in the TPVB group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TPVB combined with SUF-based multimodal analgesia further relieves pain in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical surgery for LC,enhances analgesic effects,reduces postoperative stress response,and inhibits postoperative increases in serum VEGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,and S-100β levels.This scheme also reduced POCD and had a high safety profile.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on immune function, hemodynamics and stress response in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer

Objective:To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on immune function, hemodynamics and stress response in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer Methods: 80 elderly patients who was underwent radical thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery from September 2016 to February 2018 were selected. According to the anesthesia method, it was divided into the conventional group and the observation group, 40 cases in each group. The conventional group was anesthetized with propofol, midazolam, sufentanil, and atracurium sulfonate. The observation group was anesthetized with dexmedetomidine on the basis of the conventional group. The changes of vascular dynamics were compared between the two groups before induction (T0), induction 5 min (T1), surgery (T2), extubation immediately (T3) and 5 min after extubation (T4). The changes of immune function, inflammation and stress index in T0, T2 and 24h (T5) were compared between the two groups.Results: There were no significant differences in T0 vascular kinetics, immune function and inflammation stress between the two groups (P<0.05). Compared with T0, MAP, HR and CVP were significantly increased in the conventional group at T3 and T4 (P<0.05), and MAP, HR and CVP were significantly increased in the observation group at T3 (P<0.05). Compared with the conventional group in T3, T4, the MAP, HR, and CVP levels in the observation group at T3 and T4 were significantly lower than the conventional group (P<0.05). Compared with T0, the levels of immune function IgG, IgA, IgM and NK in T2 and T5 were significantly lower in the two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IgG, IgA, IgM and NK levels between T2 and T5 in the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with T0, the stress levels of NE and E were significantly increased at T2, and the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-αand Cor were significantly increased at T2 and T5 (P<0.05). Compared with the conventional group at T2, the NE and E levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group (P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α and Cor in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group at T2 and T5 (P<0.05).Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine anesthesia has little effect on perioperative hemodynamics in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer radical resection, and can relieve stress response, so it is worthy of clinical application.

Clinical Practice of Evidence-Based PDCA Cycle Management Model in Accelerated Recovery of Lung Cancer Patients

Objective: To explore the nursing effect of evidence-based PDCA cycle management mode in accelerated rehabilitation of patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer radical surgery. Methods: 104 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lung cancer radical surgery in our hospital from June 2022 to February 2023 were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, with 52 cases in each group. The control group implemented evidence-based ERAS clinical pathway management, while the intervention group implemented evidence-based PDCA cycle quality management. The postoperative recovery of the two groups of patients was compared. Results: The postoperative recovery of the intervention group was significantly better than that of the control group. The first time to get out of bed, the first time to eat, the duration of chest drainage tube placement, and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter than those of the control group. The incidence of postoperative chest complications and hospitalization costs were significantly lower than those of the control group, and patient satisfaction was significantly higher than that of the control group (P Conclusion: Evidence-based PDCA cycle quality management mode can effectively improve the implementation quality of accelerated rehabilitation nursing for patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer radical surgery, and it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Simultaneous Bilateral Thoracoscopic Pneumonectomy for Early Multiple Primary Lung Cancer Feasibility Analysis

Objective:To analyze the feasibility of simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopic lung resection in the treatment of multiple primary lung cancers in the early stage.Methods:The study time range is between March 2019 and March 2021.A sample of 30 patients with early multiple primary lung cancer admitted to this hospital were included,and they were divided into a study group,a control group,and samples within the group using a random number table scheme n=15,patients in the control group underwent staged bilateral thoracoscopic pneumonectomy,and patients in the study group underwent bilateral thoracoscopic pneumonectomy at the same time.The indicators of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:There was no significant difference in the operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups(P>0.05).There were significant differences in the VAS score,total length of hospital stay,and total surgical costs on the first day after surgery(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the two groups'postoperative recovery indicators and the incidence of complications(P>0.05).Conclusion:It is safe and feasible to treat patients with multiple primary lung cancer in both lungs at the same time with simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopic surgery,and is suitable for promotion.

Analysis of factors related to postoperative pulmonary infection in lung cancer patients after recovery from COVID-19

Objective:To explore factors related to postoperative pulmonary infection in lung cancer patients after recovery from COVID-19 and to provide methods for preventing and reducing the incidence of postoperative lung infection in patients with lung cancer.Methods:A total of 92 patients who underwent lung cancer surgery in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery of Yichang Central People’s Hospital from January 28,2023,to March 3,2023,were selected.They were divided into a pulmonary infection group(47 cases)and a nonpulmonary infection group(45 cases)according to whether pulmonary infection occurred.General clinical data of patients were collected and collated to analyse the related influencing factors of pulmonary infection in lung cancer patients after recovery from COVID-19.Results:Univariate analysis showed that patient age(≥60 years),fever after COVID-19 infection,oral and laryngeal symptoms,digestive tract symptoms,neurological symptoms,long-term smoking history,hypertension history,and operation time(≥3 h)were correlated with pulmonary infection(all P<0.05).There was no significant correlation between postoperative pulmonary infection and sex,ocular,nasal and tongue symptoms,systemic symptoms,duration of COVID-19,COPD,lobectomy site,incision pain,mechanical ventilation time(≥6 h),drainage tube retention time(3 d),surgical method(P>0.05).Logistic multivariate analysis showed that age(≥60 years old),long operation time(≥3 h)and long-term smoking history were independent influencing factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with radical resection of lung cancer(P>0.05).Conclusion:In this study,older age(≥60 years old),long-term smoking history,and long operation time(≥3 h)were risk factors for pulmonary infection after lung cancer surgery.In the future,active treatment measures can be taken to address these risk factors during the perioperative period to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection.

Influence of the dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium on inflammatory factor, blood gas analysis and stress hormone levels in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal carcinoma during one lung ventilation

Objective: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium on the levels of inflammatory factors, blood gas analysis and stress hormone in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal carcinoma during one lung ventilation. Methods:According to the random data table, 81 cases of esophageal cancer patients were divided into the control group (n=41) and observation group (n=40), the patients in the two groups underwent left thoracotomy esophageal cancer radical resection, the control group patients were treated with parecoxib sodium, and patients in the observation group were treated with parecoxib sodium combined with dexmedetomidine medetomidine treatment, before induction of anesthesia (T0), 30 min of one lung ventilation (T1) and 120 min after operation (T2) at three time points, the levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C reactive protein (CRP)], blood gas analysis[oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2)] and stress hormone[epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE)] of the two groups were compared. Results: Intra group level comparison, compared with the levels of two groups at the T0 moment, the levels of TNF-α, CRPand NE of theT1 and T2 moment were significantly increased, the level of PaO2 were significantly decreased, and T2 moment levels were significantly higher than that of T1 moment, the difference was statistical significance;There were no significant differences between the two groups of the levels of TNF-α, CRP, PaO2, E and NE of the T0 moment, the levels of TNF-α, CRP, E and NE of the observation group at the T1 and T2 moment were significantly lower than the control group, at the same time the PaO2 level was significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant;There were no statistically significant differences in PaCO2 levels between groups and at any time. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib sodium can effectively relieve the inflammatory stress, improve the levels of the blood gas analysis index and stress hormone during one lung ventilation, has an important clinical value.

Effect of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy on Lung Function, Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Radical Esophageal Cancer Surgery under One-Lung Ventilation

Objective: To explore the effects of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on lung function, cognitive function and inflammatory response in patients undergoing radical esophageal cancer surgery under one-lung ventilation. Methods: Sixty-seven patients undergoing radical esophageal cancer surgery were divided into GDFT group (GDFT therapy) and control group (conventional liquid therapy). The changes in patients’ pulmonary function, cognitive function and inflammatory response were evaluated. Results: Both alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference [P(A-a)O2] and respiratory index (RI) increased at one-lung ventilation for 30 minutes (T2) and decreased at one-lung ventilation for 60 minutes (T3), and after surgery (T4) in the two groups, and the GDFT group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05);theoxygenation index (OI) of the two groups decreased at T2, T3, and T4 compared with that at T1 (before one-lung ventilation), and the GDFT group was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). At T4 and T5, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), central nervous system specific protein (S100β), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the GDFT group were lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05), while interleukin-10 (IL-10) was higher compared to the control group (P < 0.05);the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in the GDFT group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: GDFT can help prevent lung injury during radical esophageal cancer surgery under one-lung ventilation, reduce the body’s inflammatory response, and reduce the incidence of perioperative cognitive disorder to a certain extent.

Advances and controversies in the management of early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer

Complete resection continues to be the gold standard for the treatment of earlystage lung cancer.The landmark Lung Cancer Study Group trial in 1995 established lobectomy as the minimum intervention necessary for the management of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer,as it was associated with lower recurrence and metastasis rates than sublobar resection and lower postoperative morbidity and mortality than pneumonectomy.There is a growing tendency to perform sublobar resection in selected cases,as,depending on factors such as tumor size,histologic subtype,lymph node involvement,and resection margins,it can produce similar oncological results to lobectomy.Alternative treatments such as stereotactic body radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation can also produce good outcomes in inoperable patients or patients who refuse surgery.

前锯肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者物质能量代谢和胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨前锯肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者物质能量代谢和胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法选取2018年6月—2020年6月在日照市人民医院全身麻醉下行胸腔镜肺癌根治手术的60例患者。采用随机数字表法分为对照组和阻滞组,每组30例。对照组行全身麻醉,阻滞组先在超声引导下行前锯肌平面阻滞,后行全身麻醉。记录两组患者入手术室后5 min(T_(0))、麻醉诱导前(T_(1))、手术切皮时(T_(2))、手术结束时(T_(3))平均血压(BP)和心率(HR)。记录两组患者术后6 h(T_(4))、12 h(T_(5))、24 h(T_(6))、48 h(T_(7))时静止状态及咳嗽状态下行视觉模拟量表评分。两组患者T_(0)、T_(3)、T_(6)、T_(7)时检测C反应蛋白、静息能量消耗、呼吸商、甘油三酯、血糖、胰岛素。采用间接测热法测定静息能量消耗和呼吸商,稳态模型评价胰岛素抵抗指数,全自动生化分析仪测定甘油三酯水平,酶联免疫吸附试验试剂盒检测C反应蛋白。结果两组性别比例、年龄、体质量指数、美国麻醉医生协会分级、手术时间和术中出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。阻滞组术中瑞芬太尼用量较对照组少,自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间较对照组短(P<0.05)。两组患者T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时BP比较,结果:(1)不同时间点BP比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组BP比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)两组BP变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时HR比较,结果:(1)不同时间点HR比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组HR比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阻滞组T_(2)、T_(3)时较对照组低(P<0.05);(3)两组HR变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)、T_(7)时静息状态下VAS比较,结果:(1)不同时间点VAS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组VAS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阻滞组T_(4)、T_(5)时较对照组低(P<0.05);(3)两组VAS变化趋势比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)、T_(7)时咳嗽状态下VAS比较,结果:(1)不同时间点VAS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组VAS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阻滞组T_(4)、T_(5)时较对照组低(P<0.05);(3)两组VAS变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者T_(0)、T_(3)、T_(6)、T_(7)时C反应蛋白、REE、RQ、甘油三酯、IRI比较,结果:(1)不同时间点C反应蛋白、REE、RQ、甘油三酯、IRI比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组C反应蛋白、REE、RQ、甘油三酯、IRI比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)两组C反应蛋白、REE、RQ、甘油三酯、IRI变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论前锯肌平面阻滞可减轻胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者炎症反应,改善物质代谢和静息能量消耗,减轻胰岛素抵抗。

目标导向液体治疗在胸腔镜肺癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨目标导向液体治疗(GDFT)在胸腔镜肺癌根治术中的应用价值。方法94例行胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用GDFT,对照组采用常规液体治疗。比较两组患者围术期的血流动力学指标、术中肺通气功能指标、手术观察指标和认知功能。结果在单肺通气1 h和术毕即刻,观察组的平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、呼吸指数(RI)均明显低于对照组,而脑氧饱和度(rSO_(2))和氧合指数(OI)均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。观察组胶体补液量、晶体补液量、尿量、补液总量均明显少于对照组,使用血管活性药物构成比低于对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。术后1 d时,观察组的智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分明显高于对照组,认知功能障碍发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在胸腔镜肺癌根治术中采用GDFT能够稳定血流动力学,控制容量负荷,减少血管活性药物的使用率,减轻肺通气功能损伤和降低认知功能障碍发生率。

舒更葡糖钠对胸腔镜肺癌根治术后患者肌松恢复及凝血功能的影响

目的探讨舒更葡糖钠注射液对胸腔镜肺癌根治术后患者肌松恢复及凝血功能的影响。方法选取2020年2月至2022年1月在江苏大学附属镇江三院、常州市第七人民医院于全麻下行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的86例患者为研究对象。应用随机数字表法将患者分成A、B两组,每组各43例。两组麻醉诱导和术中全麻维持方案相同,使用肌松监测仪(TOF)监测肌松。手术结束后,TOF计数≥2时,A组静脉推注新斯的明(2 mg/kg)、阿托品(0.5 mg/kg)逆转肌松药,B组静脉推注舒更葡糖钠(2 mg/kg)。记录推注肌松拮抗药后5、15、30 min时肌松残余率。观察注射罗库溴铵后5 min(T0)、推注肌松拮抗药后5 min(T1)、15 min(T2)、30 min(T3)时血浆凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平。同时记录气管导管拔除时间及患者发生恶心、呕吐等情况。结果A组给予肌松拮抗药5、15 min后肌松残余率明显高于B组(100.00%vs 13.95%,65.12%vs 0.00%)(χ^(2)=64.939、41.517,P<0.01)。两组患者在相同时间点TT、APTT、PT、FIB指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。B组气管导管拔管时间[(3.8±1.1)min]短于A组[(13.9±4.3)min],差异有统计学意义(t=14.922,P<0.001);B组呼吸抑制发生率低于A组(0.00%vs 11.63%)(χ^(2)=5.309,P=0.021)。结论舒更葡糖钠注射液用于胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者,可快速拮抗罗库溴铵的肌松作用,降低肌松残余发生率,缩短气管导管拔管时间,利于患者术后康复。

基于共享决策理念的健康教育联合个体化营养支持在肺癌根治术后康复中的应用

目的探讨基于共享决策理念的健康教育联合个体化营养支持在肺癌根治术后康复中的应用效果。方法选取2022年1月至2023年1月在江苏省肿瘤医院接受肺癌根治术后康复治疗的患者430例,在组间基线特征可比的原则上,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,去除脱落病例后最终纳入观察组196例、对照组204例,共计400例患者。对照组在康复治疗过程中应用个体化营养支持,观察组在个体化营养支持的基础上联合应用基于共享决策理念的健康教育。比较康复治疗前及康复治疗3个月后两组患者肺功能指标、营养状况指标、自我管理效能和生活质量的差异。结果康复治疗前两组患者的第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)和用力肺活量(FVC)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);康复治疗3个月后两组患者的FEV1和FVC均明显高于治疗前,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。康复治疗前两组患者的血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)水平及癌症自我管理效能量表(SUPPH)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);康复治疗3个月后两组患者的Hb、ALB、TP水平及SUPPH评分均明显高于治疗前,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。康复治疗前两组患者中文版癌症患者生命质量测定量表(EROTC-QLQ-C30)的情绪、认知、角色、躯体、社会功能维度得分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);康复治疗3个月后两组患者EROTC-QLQ-C30量表各维度得分均明显高于治疗前,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于共享决策理念的健康教育联合个体化营养支持可有效提升肺癌根治术后康复患者的自我管理效能,改善肺功能和营养状况,提高生活质量。

基于膜解剖理论的胸、腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术

目的探讨膜解剖理论应用于胸、腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术的可行性及临床意义。方法回顾性分析2018年12月~2021年10月行基于膜解剖理论的胸、腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术142例资料。将食管系膜、食管癌以及食管系膜内的神经、血管、淋巴系统、脂肪组织、胃上部、胃左系膜、胃左淋巴结作为一个整体切除。术中可见食管周围含疏松结缔组织的间隙为食管筋膜融合间隙。前10例使用纳米炭示踪标记,显示食管淋巴液引流至胃左淋巴结。结果142例手术顺利,手术时间150~230(184.6±21.3)min,术中出血量20~100(46.7±16.8)ml,清扫淋巴结12~41(23.5±7.3)枚,97例淋巴结阳性;术后胸腔引流时间3~10(7.1±2.5)d,经口进流食时间5~10(7.6±1.7)d,总住院时间9~20(14.0±4.6)d。术后并发症发生率21.8%(31/142),包括吻合口漏7例(4.9%),吻合口狭窄9例(6.3%),声音嘶哑9例(6.3%),残胃炎6例(4.2%)。无术后出血、乳糜漏、感染或术后30 d内死亡。142例随访11~35个月,中位数26个月,无复发和死亡。结论食管周围存在构成“信封”的系膜结构,膜解剖理论适用于食管癌的治疗,基于膜解剖理论的食管癌根治术安全、有效、可行。

艾司氯胺酮联合竖脊肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜手术患者术后早期恢复质量的影响

目的探讨艾司氯胺酮联合竖脊肌平面阻滞(ESPB)对胸腔镜肺部手术患者术后早期恢复质量的影响。方法选择2022年5月至2023年7月行胸腔镜肺部手术(胸腔镜下肺癌根治术、胸腔镜下肺叶或肺段切除术)患者90例,男47例,女43例,年龄18~64岁,BMI 18~25 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字法将患者分为两组:ESPB组(C组)和艾司氯胺酮联合ESPB组(D组),每组45例。两组患者完成超声引导下ESPB,随后C组采用舒芬太尼行麻醉诱导和患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA);D组用艾司氯胺酮行麻醉诱导、麻醉维持和术后PCIA。记录术中麻醉药物用量、术后1、6、12、24、48 h患者活动时NRS疼痛评分、术后24 h内PCIA按压次数、术后补救镇痛次数、麻醉苏醒时间、术后2 d内术后恶心、呕吐及艾司氯胺酮有关不良反应的发生情况。术前1 d、术后2 d采用40项恢复质量量表(QoR-40)评分评估患者恢复质量。术前1 d及出院时采用医院焦虑-抑郁量表(HADS)评估患者焦虑、抑郁情绪。结果与C组比较,D组术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量明显减少,术后恶心呕吐发生率明显降低,术后2 d QoR-40评分明显升高,出院时HADS评分明显降低(P<0.05)。结论艾司氯胺酮联合ESPB用于胸腔镜肺部手术患者安全有效,围术期镇痛完善,不良反应少,患者早期恢复质量较高,为此类手术提供一种新的麻醉选择。

单操作孔电视胸腔镜肺癌根治术治疗非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效观察

目的观察单操作孔电视胸腔镜(VATS)肺癌根治术对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)、胸苷激酶1(TK1)水平的影响。方法我院收治的245例NSCLC患者,按手术方式分为对照组(三孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术,n=115)和观察组(单操作孔VATS肺癌根治术,n=130),比较两组围术期指标、视觉模拟(VAS)评分、肺功能、炎性因子、肿瘤标志物、VEGFR2、TK1水平及并发症。结果观察组术中出血量较对照组少(P<0.05);术后,观察组VAS评分、炎性因子、肿瘤标志物和VEGFR2、TK1水平低于对照组,肺功能高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论单操作孔VATS肺癌根治术治疗NSCLC出血量少、疼痛轻,可改善肺功能,降低炎性因子、肿瘤标志物和VEGFR2、TK1水平,且不增加术后并发症,值得临床推广。

右美托咪定复合地塞米松肋间神经阻滞用于老年肺癌患者胸腔镜根治术后镇痛的效果分析

目的 分析右美托咪定复合地塞米松肋间神经阻滞在老年肺癌患者胸腔镜根治术后镇痛中的效果。方法 选取2020年12月—2023年6月在无锡市第五人民医院行胸腔镜根治术的82例老年肺癌患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组41例。对照组术毕给予地塞米松复合罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞,研究组术毕给予右美托咪定复合地塞米松、罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞。比较两组肋间神经阻滞及术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)用药情况,对比两组围手术期疼痛、认知功能、应激反应、炎症反应及麻醉相关药物不良反应情况。结果 研究组肋间神经阻滞镇痛持续时间长于对照组,术后48 h舒芬太尼消耗总量少于对照组(P <0.05)。研究组与对照组术后4、12、24和48 h的视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分比较,结果:(1)不同时间点VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=9.156,P=0.000);(2)研究组与对照组VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=7.851,P=0.000);(3)两组VAS评分变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(F=7.061,P=0.000)。研究组与对照组术前及术后24和48 h的简易精神状态检查(MMSE)量表评分比较,结果:(1)不同时间点MMSE评分比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.179,P=0.834);(2)研究组与对照组MMSE评分比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.151,P=0.859);(3)两组MMSE评分变化趋势比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.309,P=0.724)。研究组与对照组术前及术后24、48 h的肾上腺素(Adr)、皮质醇(Cor)比较,结果:(1)不同时间点Adr、Cor比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.967和8.043,均P=0.000);(2)研究组与对照组Adr、Cor比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.123和7.691,均P=0.000);(3)两组Adr、Cor变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.003和7.961,均P=0.000)。研究组与对照组开始麻醉及术后24和48 h的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α、)高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)比较,结果:(1)不同时间点TNF-α、HMGB1比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.236和8.417,均P=0.000);(2)研究组与对照组TNF-α、HMGB1比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=6.298和7.215,均P=0.000);(3)两组TNF-α、HMGB1变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.035和7.152,均P=0.000)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 右美托咪定复合地塞米松肋间神经阻滞用于老年肺癌患者胸腔镜根治术后镇痛可延长肋间神经阻滞时间,减少术后舒芬太尼消耗量,并可减轻术后疼痛、应激反应及炎症反应,且安全性良好。

前馈控制护理干预在机器人辅助胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者麻醉恢复管理中的应用

目的探讨前馈控制护理干预在机器人辅助胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者麻醉恢复管理中的应用。方法选取2021年12月至2022年5月山东省聊城市人民医院实施机器人辅助胸腔镜肺癌根治术的64例患者为研究对象,随机将其分为对照组和试验组,每组各32例。对照组患者给予常规护理措施,试验组患者在对照组的基础上采用前馈控制下的护理干预。比较两组患者的护士相关理论知识合格率、围手术期并发症发生情况、护理满意度、护理质量评分、恢复室停留时间、术前及出恢复室时的焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)及抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评分。结果试验组患者的护士相关理论知识合格率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组患者的压力性损伤总发生率及液路问题、躁动、低体温发生率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组患者的护理效果、护理专业性、护理操作、护理态度评分均显著高于对照组,恢复室停留时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。出恢复室时,试验组患者的SAS、SDS评分均显著低于本组术前及对照组(P<0.05)。结论前馈控制护理干预应用于机器人辅助胸腔镜肺癌患者麻醉恢复期管理,可有效降低围手术期并发症发生率,缩短麻醉恢复时间,提高护理满意度和护理质量评分,改善患者的术后早期焦虑和抑郁状况,值得临床应用推广。

加速康复外科理念在胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者围术期的护理效果观察

目的观察加速康复外科理念在胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者围术期的护理效果。方法选取我院2021年1月至2023年1月收治的180例胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者,随机分为两组。对照组行常规护理,实验组在对照组基础上采用加速康复外科理念护理,比较两组的护理效果。结果护理后,实验组SAS、SDS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组首次下床时间、首次进食时间、胸腔引流管留置时间、平均住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组并发症发生率为2.22%,低于对照组的16.67%(P<0.05)。结论加速康复外科理念护理可缓解胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者围术期负性情绪,缩短术后恢复时间及住院时间,降低并发症发生率。