Without thought的“无意识”误区——深泽直人(Naoto Fukasawa,1956~)设计观念的思想基础及其开展路径阐析

日本设计师深泽直人提出的without thought本意为“无需思考”,在国内被翻译为“无意识设计”并广为传播,这在一定程度上导致我国学者过分强调该理念中的“无意识”内容而忽视其思想基础,还同时造成一些学者对该设计理念开展路径的误解。深泽直人设计观念的思想基础可以在生态心理学和禅学中找到来源,从个体意义到普遍价值,without thought中的无意识内涵则可从“行为—意义—价值”三个层面来理解。生态心理学和禅学皆有超越“二元”的思想特征,在认识方法上皆反对将他者对象化和主题化,与此呼应,深泽直人认为设计是一种直觉行为,并明确表明自己不用“分析—推理”的方式开展设计工作,概而言之,其接触“无意识”的设计路径旨在让设计者回到由感性直观构成的“生活世界”中,并以“具身性”的方式实现对他者的理解,通过这种“生命体验”扩展自我的边界,进而创造出具有“共感”的作品。

The Physical Universe and the Theoretical Value of Science:Reflections on the Thought of G.Leopardi

The essay has two main purposes.The first consists of discussing some literary and philosophical thoughts on the epistemological value of science by one of the most famous and celebrated poets in Italian literature,Giacomo Leopardi.The poet firmly believes in the cognitive power of science,capable of revealing false beliefs with the light of reason.However,in his mature reflections,what will radically change will not be the value of scientific activity itself,always admirably accepted,but rather its true salvific force.Leopardi was not a scientist,but he used the scientific culture of his time to critically address the great existential themes of man concerning nature and the universe.He had amply demonstrated a scientific culture since his youthful'History of Astronomy',which would reappear in many of his other literary works.His deep and meditative reflections on the nature of finite and infinite space and time are a clear and fruitful testimony to this.However,Giacomo writes icastically,reason alone is not enough;it needs imagination.The second concerns a first reconstruction of the influence that the philosophy of Enlightenment had on Leopardi’s thought especially in relation to these topics:atheism,rejection of providentialism and anthropocentrism,the conception of nature,the question of the relationship between human and animal intelligence,the rejection of metaphysics,the importance of scientific knowledge.

On Master Tanxu’s Thought of the Middle Way

This paper discusses Master Tanxu’s Thought of Middle Way from three aspects:interpreting the Middle Way with the Tiantai Sect’s thought of“Three Truths as a Unity”(三諦圓融),discussing“the Truth of the First Meaning of the Middle Way”(中道第一義諦)from the relationship between“the One Mind”and the Middle Way,and discussing gradations of practice of the Middle Way.

Research on the Cultivation of Craftsmanship in Huang Yanpei’s Education Thought

Skilled talents are the main support for the strategic development of science and technology in China.The quality of talents is an important guarantee for the transformation and upgrading of national industries.By analyzing and studying Huang Yanpei’s thought on vocational education,this paper focuses on the cultivation of students’craftsmanship in vocational schools.First,we analyze the results of previous research and then elaborate on the connotations of Huang Yanpei’s education thought and craftsmanship spirit.Lastly,we propose five suggestions for the cultivation of craftsmanship.Our research work carries certain reference value to the study of craftsmanship cultivation in Huang Yanpei’s education thought.

COCA语料库在教学中的应用——以lost in thoughts为例

文章通过在线COCA语料库探讨了lost in thoughts的应用。阐明在传统的字典中没列入的短语不表示不存在,在我们学习,教学,研究应该充分利用语料库打破传统的一些误区,更好地了解本族语者的使用语境。

Research Progress and Thoughts of Habitat Suitability Evaluation of Citrus Based on Niche Theory

[Objective] This study was to overview the research progress and thoughts of habitat suitability evaluation of citrus based on ecological niche theory. [Method] The research progress on habitat suitability evaluation and ecological niche theory to the niche selection of crops were comprehensively analyzed. [Result] The research thoughts of using niche theory to evaluate the habitat suitability of citrus with quality constraint were put forward, including collection and expression of citrus ecological environment and quality factors, interactive response study of the citrus ecological environment and quality, and habitat suitability evaluation and adaptation mechanism study of citrus based on quality constraint. [Conclusion] This study provided references for the development of citrus industrialization.

洛克教育思想的未解之谜——以Some Thoughts Concerning Education为线索

近年来国内兴起了新一轮的洛克研究热潮,主要集中于洛克政治哲学方面的研究。洛克流亡荷兰期间,出版了其生前唯一一本以"教育"一词命名的著作——Some Thoughts Concerning Education,到目前为止,此书仍未有一个统一认可的汉语译名。这实际透露出洛克的教育论说此前在教育学界并未得到真正符合其本义的透彻理解。经梳理与分析后认为:Some Thoughts Concerning Education其实尤为洛克本人所重视!它与《人类理解论》《政府论》等一同构成了洛克学说的整体核心部分。从洛克政治哲学的整体设计高度上看待他的家庭幼儿教育理论与实践,是以往研究未能充分关注到的。

4 Thought软件在服装销售预测中的应用

介绍了“需求变异加速放大原理”的基本思想,并指出扭曲需求信息在供应链中传递而造成的需求变异和放大,在很大程度上导致了我国服装行业普遍存在着高库存的尴尬。这一问题说明市场预测对供应链管理有重要作用。随后介绍了COGNOS公司建立预测模型并探察未来业务行为的智能工具4thought预测软件解决的具体问题、功能和特点等。最后以宁波雅戈尔集团公司为实例介绍该软件在服装销售预测中的应用并指出4thought软件做出的销售预测可以作为服装企业解决库存问题和经营决策的重要参考。

Richard Power’s Philosophical Thoughts in Prisoner’s Dilemma

The“prisoner’s dilemma”illustrates that everyone is rationally thinking about maximizing their own interests and taking their own best strategies,but the end result is counterproductive.In Prisoner’s Dilemma Richard Powers describes multiformareas of dilemma;to lose balance;to make choices;and ask each other:what to do next?It is a master trope for relaying the permanent impasse or dilemma of cooperation versus defection.In most cases,the prisoner's dilemma is more about the number of defeats in the game,and even a major loss of society.Individual rationality is likely to be a collective disregard,and if everyone is acting on the principle of self-interest,it is often the result that everyone is lost.Powers expresses his philosophical insight:Until a cooperative instead of antagonistic solution is collectively agreed upon,we still remain imprisoned in an interminable and oppressive struggle and conflict decided by self-interest and rational control,which is also a moral response to historical consciousness of postmodernism.

Narration and Discussion On the Cultural Thought of Marxist Classical Writers

Marx and Engels put forward the thought of spiritual production and spiritual productive force,and pointed out the viewpoint of training free and all-round developed human beings by communist culture.Lenin thought that Cultural construction was an important driving force of political civilization,he also proposed that we should develop education and science program in a planned way,foster the new socialist men,etc.Marxist Classical Writers'cultural thought is the main source of the theory of socialist cultural construction with Chinese characteristics.

Multi-Angle Exploration on the Inner Relationship among Language,Thought and Culture with “Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis”

“Sapir-Whorf hypothesis"holds that human thoughts are shaped by their native languages,and speakers of different languages think differently relevantly.The hypothesis is controversial partly because it seems to deny the possibility of a general principle for human cognition,and partly because some findings taken to support it have not reliably replicated.The author argued that considering this hypothesis through the lens of probabilistic inference has the potential to figure out both issues,at least with respect to certain prominent findings in the two languages—Chinese and English.After exploring on the inner relationship among language,thought and culture with the comparison between English and Chinese based on a series of examples including“numbers,Wuhan dialect and some different understandings of idioms”,the author made an inference that language can somewhat affect human thought under the different culture contexts.Besides,it also provides some reference for educators to take in-depth studies on the relationship among language,thought and culture,which is vitally significant for ESL educators and learners.

The Application and Thoughts of Online Teaching in College English Classroom

Online teaching plays a very important role in modern teaching, how to apply it to college English Classroom is a question to think deep, this paper takes Wuhan Vocational College of Software Engineering as an example and will explore how to applyon line teaching to English classroom, which not only arouses students' interest and participation in English learning, but improves students' performance, hoping this paper can give other teachers some ideas on how to teach online and further deep thinking how to improve online teaching in the future.

Different Thought Patterns and the Limitation in Translation Between Chinese and English Language

Thought patterns and language are closely related,they are two aspect of the culture.Translation,a tool of intercultural communication,connects the different thought patterns.In this paper,a specific analysis of the limitation in translation caused by the difference is illustrated.Thus,translation is influenced deeply by the different thought patterns.The only way to get the reappearance to the culture in translation is to find out the principles of translation from the different thought patterns.

On the Formation of Lawrence's Tragic Thought

Tragic thought has been interwoven throughout D.H.Lawrence's works,and his tragic sense is the direct result of the social realities,cultural context and his personal experiences.

Ebola Virus Disease: General Characteristics, Thoughts, and Perspectives

In December 2013, a new round of Ebola virus disease （EVD） first occurred in a remote countryside of Guinea and then spread in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria of West Africa. EVD, caused by Ebolavirus and previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is an acute infectious disease with fatality rates up to 90%. As of August 22, 2014, the number of suspected and confirmed cases was 2615, causing 1427 deaths[I]. On August 8, 2014, World Health Organization announced the current outbreak in West Africa as an international public health emergency. The global epidemic tendency remains ambiguous to date. In recent years, China closely collaborates with West Africa in labor, business, overseas education, and also sends aid medical team there. Thus, the risk of importing the disease cannot be ignored. We conduct this literature review of epidemiology, pathogen, prophylaxis, and treatment to provide evidence for controlling the risk and carrying out effective interventions.

An Analysis of Speech and Thought Presentation in “A Sunrise on theVeld” from Stylistics Perspective

An analysis of speech and thought presentation in"A Sunrise on the Veld"is made from stylistic perspective in this essay.Through analysis of different kinds of speech and thought presentation,the psychological changes of the protegonist is explored.The analysis reveals the stylistic effect of the alternation of speech and thought presentation.The use of alternation of speech and thought presentation contributes a lot to the success of this novel.This method of Stylistic analysis provides the readers a new perspective of appreciating the novel.

Thoughts about Plant Landscape Forms of Urban Gardens

Landscape presents nature to us in another way through artificial transformation. At the same time of rapid development,cities should attach great importance to setting of urban green landscape. Plant landscape of urban gardens is an essential part of urban green landscape. To study plant landscape of urban gardens,it is necessary to find out growth habits and characteristics of plants,and ornamental benefits of plants. Different plants can be combined together to produce different space forms and generate different aesthetic effects. Through enriching plant landscape forms of urban gardens,it is feasible to increase the interest of urban landscape.

The Universal Grand Unified Theory Based on Life and Thought

The universe is life, which includes galaxies, living beings, society and man-made worlds. The universe is unified in life and thought. The universal grand unified theory is a theory to completely unify all phenomena in the universe with a fundamental mode （structural mode, operational mode, generation mode and evolution mode）. The book of changes of China： The great ultimate - two states - four images - eight hexagrams are life science and thought science theories, which represent the fundamental mode of universal unification, i.e. represent l） structural mode, operational mode, generation mode and evolution mode of life; 2） the four states that life has simultaneously： 0 dimension, ] dimension, 2 dimension, 3 dimension, and these four states have different structural and operational modes respectively; 3） the breathing and four seasonal trajectories of celestial bodies; 4） three generation modes of life： generation by transformation, generation by augmentation, and self-generation; 5） five dynamics systems inside life; 6） the sublimation and degration of life in the universe, the unification of religion and science; 7） the classification mode of the universal being; 8） the derivation mode of life; 9） the transformation between different forms of life in the universe; 10） the unification of six grand forces in the universe. All life systems in the universe： galaxy, organism, society, man-made worlds as well as cognitive science, natural science, social science are all in conform with the mode of the book of changes.

The Influence of Puritan Thoughts on Americans

The word "Puritan" originated in the 1560s.As the word itself hints,Puritans wanted to purify their religious belief and practice.Puritan thoughts dominated American life with its influence in two aspects:the positive and the negative.For the positive side,it should be kept on.For the negative side,it should be taken away.

New Thoughts on Standardization and Its Developmental Trend

The standardization community need to recognize the nature of standards. In the 199os, I put forward that standards are restraints by nature. First of all, those restraints are imposed by humans to create order and obtain benefits rather than being formed naturally. Secondly, they are good for development; otherwise, there is no necessity for its existence. Furthermore, they can bring both economical and social benefits. Finally, those restraints are characterized by specific methods, such as simplification （including serialization and universalization）, unification, modularization, routinization and comprehensive standardization. Standardization is how such restraints are implemented.