The paper proposes that the evolutionary origin of religions is based on theory of mind as the product of interdependent division of labor between the forest specialist group (women and small children) and the woodlan...The paper proposes that the evolutionary origin of religions is based on theory of mind as the product of interdependent division of labor between the forest specialist group (women and small children) and the woodland specialist group (men) in early hominins who lived in the mixed forest-woodland habitat. To complement each other’s work without interfering each other’s work, one specialist group had to recognize (imagine) that the other specialist group existed to think for themselves and to do different works. The result was theory of mind which is to recognize (imagine) that the others exist to think for themselves. (The forest-woodland groups became the hunter-gatherer groups for the Homo species in the savanna habitat.) Under existential pressure, hominins invented imaginary specialists as imaginary agents who existed to think for themselves and to do different works in imaginary division of labor to enhance survival chance. The result was religion with imaginary behaviors. Therefore, religion is defined as a set of beliefs and behaviors based on theory of mind that produces a shared imagination to enhance survival chance under existential pressure. This paper proposes that the religious evolution consists of the premodern imaginative religion for local society habitat starting from bipedalism, the modern rational imaginative religion for regional society habitat starting from the Axial Age, and the postmodern diverse rational imaginative religion for global society habitat starting from the Information Revolution. In conclusion, the religious brain is the imaginative brain, and the religious social behaviors are imaginary social behaviors. The religious evolution is the evolution of human imagination to enhance survival chance under existential pressure, such as the religious reinforcement of social bonds to enhance the survival chance of social group and the religious relief of stress and anxiety to enhance the survival chance of individuals.展开更多
The names in English-speaking countries are full of historical origin and cultural connotation. For the significance of family name and given name, this paper focus on the origin and culture connotation of family name...The names in English-speaking countries are full of historical origin and cultural connotation. For the significance of family name and given name, this paper focus on the origin and culture connotation of family name and given name, and also the hidden influences of name played on human beings. Moreover, the relationship between development of society and English name will also be concerned because we can not ignore that the development of society has made great effects to English name.According to the whole essay, we can easily realize the origin and connotation of English name through all my researches and analyses.展开更多
The Atharvaveda Samhita(AV),being the second largest compendium in the Vedic literature of the Rgveda Samhita(RV),occupies a great position in the ancient history of religion and philosophy.But unlike the RV,the relig...The Atharvaveda Samhita(AV),being the second largest compendium in the Vedic literature of the Rgveda Samhita(RV),occupies a great position in the ancient history of religion and philosophy.But unlike the RV,the religion and philosophy of the AV have not been properly analysed,rather somehow misinterpreted.It has been portrayed that the religion of AV is primitive,full of magic and devoid of priestly religion.Again,the philosophy of AV does not represent anything new or original,even if it is a preacher of pseudo-philosophy.In the backdrop of this picture,the paper aims to revisit the old theories on the one hand and on the other hand,it has shown the religion and philosophy of the AV of a new dimension in the Vedic Corpus.This new dimension in the Vedic Corpus needs to be addressed properly.Thus,in the proposed paper,it has been tried to establish that the religious culture of AV fills up the gap of the total gamut of Vedic religion with its social responsibilities.For philosophy,it is the AV that represents more originality than the RV,not only in quantity but also in introspection.The philosophy of the Upanishad,which represents Brahman as the ultimate reality and creator of the world,has been more vividly represented.It has prepared a bridge between the Samhita and Upanishad in respect of philosophical concepts.All these have been elaborately dealt with documents and references in the proposed paper.展开更多
文摘The paper proposes that the evolutionary origin of religions is based on theory of mind as the product of interdependent division of labor between the forest specialist group (women and small children) and the woodland specialist group (men) in early hominins who lived in the mixed forest-woodland habitat. To complement each other’s work without interfering each other’s work, one specialist group had to recognize (imagine) that the other specialist group existed to think for themselves and to do different works. The result was theory of mind which is to recognize (imagine) that the others exist to think for themselves. (The forest-woodland groups became the hunter-gatherer groups for the Homo species in the savanna habitat.) Under existential pressure, hominins invented imaginary specialists as imaginary agents who existed to think for themselves and to do different works in imaginary division of labor to enhance survival chance. The result was religion with imaginary behaviors. Therefore, religion is defined as a set of beliefs and behaviors based on theory of mind that produces a shared imagination to enhance survival chance under existential pressure. This paper proposes that the religious evolution consists of the premodern imaginative religion for local society habitat starting from bipedalism, the modern rational imaginative religion for regional society habitat starting from the Axial Age, and the postmodern diverse rational imaginative religion for global society habitat starting from the Information Revolution. In conclusion, the religious brain is the imaginative brain, and the religious social behaviors are imaginary social behaviors. The religious evolution is the evolution of human imagination to enhance survival chance under existential pressure, such as the religious reinforcement of social bonds to enhance the survival chance of social group and the religious relief of stress and anxiety to enhance the survival chance of individuals.
文摘The names in English-speaking countries are full of historical origin and cultural connotation. For the significance of family name and given name, this paper focus on the origin and culture connotation of family name and given name, and also the hidden influences of name played on human beings. Moreover, the relationship between development of society and English name will also be concerned because we can not ignore that the development of society has made great effects to English name.According to the whole essay, we can easily realize the origin and connotation of English name through all my researches and analyses.
文摘The Atharvaveda Samhita(AV),being the second largest compendium in the Vedic literature of the Rgveda Samhita(RV),occupies a great position in the ancient history of religion and philosophy.But unlike the RV,the religion and philosophy of the AV have not been properly analysed,rather somehow misinterpreted.It has been portrayed that the religion of AV is primitive,full of magic and devoid of priestly religion.Again,the philosophy of AV does not represent anything new or original,even if it is a preacher of pseudo-philosophy.In the backdrop of this picture,the paper aims to revisit the old theories on the one hand and on the other hand,it has shown the religion and philosophy of the AV of a new dimension in the Vedic Corpus.This new dimension in the Vedic Corpus needs to be addressed properly.Thus,in the proposed paper,it has been tried to establish that the religious culture of AV fills up the gap of the total gamut of Vedic religion with its social responsibilities.For philosophy,it is the AV that represents more originality than the RV,not only in quantity but also in introspection.The philosophy of the Upanishad,which represents Brahman as the ultimate reality and creator of the world,has been more vividly represented.It has prepared a bridge between the Samhita and Upanishad in respect of philosophical concepts.All these have been elaborately dealt with documents and references in the proposed paper.
