Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban-rural Construction Land in Rural Industrialized Areas in China:Case Studies in Changyuan City and Xinxiang County of Henan Province

Since China’s reform and opening up in 1978,the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China had led to dramatic changes in the pattern of urban-rural land use.In this paper,we focused on the rural industrialized areas in central China(Xinxiang County and Changyuan City of Henan Province).We used the average nearest neighbor index,spatial statistical analysis,and a structural equation model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban-rural construction land based on multisource spatial data and survey data.The results showed that:1)from 1975 to 2019,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas had evolved from homogeneous distribution to local agglomeration.In terms of comparative analysis of cases,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in Changyuan City had shown a trend from diffusion to agglomeration,and Xinxiang County had overall shown a spatial change from homogenization to agglomeration and then to regional integration development.2)The hot spots with increased urban-rural construction land significantly expanded,and they had a high degree of spatial overlap with industrial development.Among them,Xinxiang County was concentrated in central and marginal areas,and Changyuan was mainly concentrated in central urban areas.3)From the evolution of spatial proximity of urban-rural construction land,rural industrialized areas generally decline,showing the characteristics of internal differentiation in the rate of change.4)Industrial development,social economy,the policy environment,and urban development played a positive role in promoting the expansion of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas.To promote the optimal use of regional land and the integrated development of urban-rural areas,we should combine the advantages of regional endowment,formulate development strategies according to local conditions,and adjust the way that land is used in a timely manner.

Factor Analysis on the Factors that Influencing Rural Environmental Pollution in the Hilly Area of Sichuan Province,China

By using factor analysis method and establishing analysis indicator system from four aspects including crop production,poultry farming,rural life and township enterprises,the difference,features,and types of factors influencing the rural environmental pollution in the hilly area in Sichuan Province,China.Results prove that the major factor influencing rural environmental pollution in the study area is livestock and poultry breeding,flowed by crop planting,rural life,and township enterprises.Hence future pollution prevention and control should set about from livestock and poultry breeding.Meanwhile,attention should be paid to the prevention and control of rural environmental pollution caused by rural life and township enterprise production.

Characteristics of PM_(2.5) in rural areas of southern Jiangsu Province, China

To understand pollution level and possible sources of atmospheric fine particulates in rural areas of southern Jiangsu Province of China, samples of PM2.5 were collected and analyzed in Xueyan Town and Taihu Lake Station over three seasons from July 2002 to January 2003. The mass concentrations of PM2.5 and 14 principal component elements were obtained. The results showed that pollution of PM2.5 was serious and the concentration levels of S, Zn, Pb and As were similar to city. There are different seasonal distribution laws of pollutant elements in PM2.5 between two sampling sites, probably due to contribution of local sources, medium or long distance transportation of fine particulates and complicated meteorological conditions. The enrichment levels of S, Zn, Pb, As, K were high, reflecting the influence of anthropogenic activities. Particularly enrichment level of S was much higher in summer, which was probably related to meteorological condition. The result of principal components analysis showed major sources of PM2.5 included crustal resuspension, coal burning, metal processing industry or waste incineration, vehicular emission, which suggests anthropogenic activities is of important influence on PM2.5 in rural areas of southern Jiangsu Province.

Research Progress on Metabolic Diseases in Rural Areas

Through the review of relevant literature in recent years,it is found that the incidence rate of metabolic diseases in rural areas is on the rise:The related factors that may cause diseases include diet structure,exercise habits,medical resources and other aspects.At the same time,there are some limitations in the intervention and treatment measures of this kind of disease.It is urgent to carry out in-depth exploration for the special conditions in rural areas.By reviewing the research progress related to metabolic diseases in rural areas,more new ideas are provided for the treatment and improvement of metabolic diseases in rural areas.

Frequency of Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors Such as Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in a Benin Rural Area

The fight against cardiovascular diseases requires the knowledge of their modifiable risk factors. This study aimed to assess the level of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in a rural area in order to develop a prevention program. Methods: This is an analytical and cross-sectional study on data collected during a fairground medical consultation of adults from 20 to 25 May 2013, in both border districts of the municipality of Djidja (Agouna and Houto). The studied parameters were the capillary blood glucose profile, blood pressure profile, waist circumference (WC) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Diabetes is defined by a fasting blood glucose ≥ 1.26 g/L two times. Hypertension is defined according to the criteria of JNC VII and obesity by BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2;abdominal obesity is defined by a WC above 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18.0. Results: A total of 926 people were included among whom 57.8% were women. The average age was 38.43 ± 15.84 years. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 2.9%. The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was 8.4%;10.8% of studied population had abdominal obesity and 19.2% had hypertension. Age above 35 years and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension. Risk factors of obesity (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2) were the place of residence (Agouna), the female gender, age between 35 and 64 and abdominal obesity. Conclusion: The frequency of cardiovascular risk factors, although small compared to the national level, remains a concern in the investigated rural communities. This must lead to undertake a survey on the lifestyle and dietary habits of the inhabitants of these areas.

Analysis of Rural Development Factors: A Case Study of Hebei Province

On the basis of survey,drawing on economic growth theory,we analyze the main form of exogenous growth and regional applicability in Hebei Province,and point out that some exogenous driving forces are effective ways to accelerate rural construction,such as " the promotion of agriculture by industry" and " developing the rural areas with the aid of the urban areas". However,human capital,technology,incentive institutional arrangement,agricultural industry clusters and other endogenous growth factors are fundamental to sustainable development of rural construction,so it is necessary to make them play a fundamental role in increasing farmers' income and promoting agricultural development.

Suitability Evaluation of Rural Settlements Based on Accessibility of Production and Living： A Case Study of Tingzu Town in Hubei Prov- ince of China

Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an improved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the results of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.

The regional disparities of socio-economic development in rural Jiangsu Province,China

Since the implementation of reform and open door policy in China, Jiangsu has become one of the provinces which have the highest speed of economic development. With the implementation of the uneven development strategy, Jiangsu has witnessed a widening dichotomy in levels of socio economic development: southeast showing rapid improvement and north showing little improvement, particularly in rural areas. Based on factor analysis, it is argued that foreign investment, agricultural productivity, the character of regional economic structures, and the level of urbanization all contribute in varying ways to the inequalities in levels of socio economic development in different regions of Jiangsu. According to the levels of socio economic development, eleven regions are categorized into three groups.

Study on Characteristics of Consumption Demand and Its Constraints of Rural Areas in China

Combining the statistic data of 1997~2009,this paper analyzes the income of farmers in eight minority areas, structure of consumption demand, the marginal propensity to consume and its constraints factors on eight minority provinces,finally, concludes with some specific proposals. That includes increasing peasant’s income, strengthening rural infrastructure construction, establishing perfect rural social security system and promoting reasonable and healthy consumption of peasants.

城市外围地区农村物流设施空间分布演变及影响因素--以广州市为例

城市外围地区农村物流设施是保障城乡物资双向流通和农村产业发展的重要支撑。以广东省广州市为例,综合使用多源空间数据和空间回归模型等分析方法,探索城市外围地区农村物流设施空间分布演变特征及影响因素。在空间分布演变方面,城市外围地区农村物流设施从单核转向多核,具有圈层化、等级化特征,与广州市空间发展方向和空间格局相一致,最外围地区物流设施建设短板突出;受村级设施分布变化影响,物流设施集聚性呈现“增强—减弱—增强”的波动。影响因素方面,人口因素、交通因素和工业因素对物流设施分布有显著正向影响,农业因素对其有显著负向影响,区位因素对其无明显影响。研究结果能够丰富对农村物流设施分布演变规律的认识,为城市尺度的农村物流设施的布局优化和支撑要素的建设等提供参考。

湖南省农村老年人应急准备现状及影响因素

目的:调查农村老年人应急准备、灾难素养和应急能力现状及影响因素。方法:采用方便抽样法,使用公众应急准备现状评价量表、灾难素养评价量表、家庭应急准备能力问卷对湖南省岳阳市坪头村、坪上村及源冲村3个村的357名老年人进行调查。结果:农村老年人的应急准备现状、灾难素养、家庭应急准备能力总分分别为48.11(43.00,54.00)分、(66.08±20.67)分、51.01(49.00,53.00)分。农村老年人灾难素养、应急能力与应急准备现状均呈正相关。多元线性回归分析结果显示,灾难素养、对应急准备的态度、是否接受过应急教育或培训、关心本地区传染病发生情况的程度、原来从事的职业及对灾难事件的预期是农村老年人应急准备现状的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:农村老年人应急准备现状处于中等偏低水平,应加强农村老年人灾难素养和应急能力教育培训,从而提高其应急准备水平。

中国农民农村共同富裕:特征事实及障碍因素

在系统阐述农民农村共同富裕理论内涵的基础上,从物质富裕、精神富裕、协调发展、成果共享四个维度构建评价指标体系,并基于2006—2022年中国31个省(区、市)的面板数据测度农民农村共同富裕水平,考察其演化特征及障碍因素。研究发现:农民农村共同富裕水平稳步提升,区域间呈现“东高、中次、西低”的梯度分布格局,但西部地区后发优势显著;富裕方面是推动农民农村共同富裕的主导力量,物质富裕、成果共享、协调发展、精神富裕的水平依次递减;农民农村共同富裕的绝对差异在扩大,相对差异逐渐缩小,极化现象有所减弱,区域间差异是构成总体差异的主要来源;农民农村共同富裕水平呈现“高-高”和“低-低”的空间集聚模式,“先富带动后富”的空间辐射效应逐渐增强;共同方面是制约农民农村共同富裕的主要障碍,协调发展维度是核心障碍,农村社会保障、农村公共文化设施、地区农民收入包容水平、农民收入水平和农村教育资源则是主要障碍因素。

粮食主产区农业社会化服务发展水平的时空演变与影响因素

确保粮食等重要农产品的有效供给是乡村振兴的首要任务,而农业社会化服务作为对接传统小农户和现代农业的关键抓手,对保障粮食供给安全、推进乡村振兴具有重要意义。为了更好地促进农业社会化服务发展,在系统分析农业社会化服务发展逻辑的基础上,基于2008—2021年中国省级面板数据,运用熵值法、空间自相关和地理探测器等方法,测度粮食主产区农业社会化服务发展水平,探究其时空演变特征,并对其影响因素进行识别。结果表明:1)研究期间,粮食主产区农业社会化服务整体水平呈持续增长态势,形成了以技术信息服务和公共设施服务为核心支撑的发展结构;2)三大主产区农业社会化服务水平均有提高,发展水平按从高到低排列,依次为黄淮海主产区、长江流域主产区、东北主产区,但由于各维度发展水平参差不齐,各主产区分别形成了不同的结构特征;3)粮食主产区农业社会化服务水平在空间上呈现南高北低的分布特征,各省发展差距较大但协调发展态势良好,且空间正向集聚效应增强;4)多方因素均对农业社会化服务发展造成影响且程度大小不一,从位居前两位的影响因子看,经济社会发展层面为经济发展水平和农业发展规模,农村生产生活层面为土地规模经营水平和农村居民收入水平。据此,提出如下建议:兼顾总体建设和结构优化,在扬长补短中加快发展;充分发挥自身禀赋优势并把握外界机遇,针对性解决突出问题和促进发展;加快资源跨区共享联动,促进区域协调发展;推进经济社会有序运行和农村生产生活环境持续改善,为农业社会化服务发展创造更多有利条件。

新时代城乡融合发展:“三生融合”演进及其驱动因素

生产融合—生活融合—生态融合(简称“三生融合”)是新时代大力推进城乡深度融合和实现城乡共同富裕的必由之路。运用改进CRITIC法、改进耦合协调度模型、剪刀差模型、莫兰指数和地理探测器模型,深入探究2012—2021年我国城乡“三生融合”的演进特征及驱动因素。结果表明:(1)城乡“三生融合”总体水平和子系统水平均出现不同程度上升,但生态融合与生产融合、生活融合演化速率剪刀差不断拉大,三者极差呈现“V”型变化;(2)生态融合是制约“三生融合”系统耦合的主要因素;(3)城乡“三生融合”耦合协调度在观察期内上升速率放缓,整体陷入发展困境,而且区域异质性明显,高值区域由东中部地区向西部地区和东北地区扩展;(4)政府干预程度等显著影响城乡“三生融合”耦合协调度,各个因素对子系统存在不同的影响;(5)子系统水平和耦合协调度水平问题区域分析表明,我国城乡融合发展主要问题区域集中在西部地区和东北地区。

闽东丘陵山区乡村聚落空间格局演变及其影响因素——以福建省屏南县为例

[目的]研究闽东丘陵山区乡村聚落空间格局演变及其影响因素,为其乡村聚落空间布局优化与重构提供科学依据。[方法]以闽东地区的屏南县为例,综合运用核密度分析、景观格局指数和GIS空间分析方法,分析2009—2019年屏南县乡村聚落空间格局的时空演变特征,并运用地理探测器揭示其演变影响因素。[结果](1) 10年间屏南县乡村聚落数量与规模仅有小幅增加,不同等级聚落中以大型聚落的面积占比最大,但数量增加与规模扩张均以小型聚落为主,聚落空间整体上变化不大。(2)乡村聚落整体形态演变由规则趋向复杂和破碎化,但在县城周边地区存在聚落连片的趋势;乡村聚落单体形态以点状为主,数量占67.84%。(3)乡村聚落空间呈弱集聚分布,整体为中部集中,四周稀疏的分布格局,但10年间县域中南部聚落分布日趋集中;受地形控制,乡村聚落多分布在山间盆地,并具有低缓坡度指向性。(4)地形起伏是控制屏南县乡村聚落空间格局与规模演化的主要自然因素,但近10年来县域经济的发展与交通通达度的提高成为新时期驱动屏南县乡村聚落规模扩张的重要因素。[结论]屏南的自然因素塑造了乡村聚落基本空间格局,区位与社会经济因素是推动乡村聚落规模持续扩张的动力,自然、区位、经济因素相互作用推动乡村聚落的进一步演化。

中国式农业农村现代化水平测度与影响因素分析

立足2013-2021年全国31个省份面板数据,在构建中国式农业农村现代化水平评价指标体系基础上,利用熵权法测算各省份中国式农业农村现代化水平。进一步采用Dagum基尼系数实证分析不同地区中国式农业农村现代化水平的差异及时空演化规律,并通过地理探测器细致考察经济、生产、人力等因素对中国式农业农村现代化水平影响的时空分异。结果表明:中国式农业农村现代化总体发展水平呈逐年缓慢递增趋势且存在区域异质性,其中东部地区中国式农业农村现代化水平最高,中部地区次之,西部地区最低。中国式农业农村现代化水平在不同地区发展不平衡主要由区域间差异引起。从区域内差异来看,东部地区区域内各省份中国式农业农村现代化水平差异最大,中部地区差异最小;从区域间差异来看,西部-东部中国式农业农村现代化水平的区域间基尼系数最大,中部-西部区域间基尼系数最小。农村人均GDP、政府扶持力度和农村产业现代化是导致中国式农业农村现代化产生分异现象的决定性因素。据此,提出有效完善农业农村现代化系统、多维打造农村新型服务模式和统筹整合农业农村资源建议,以全面驱动中国式农业农村现代化水平持续提升。

农村地区大肠癌发病因素分析及其列线图预测模型的建立

目的 分析农村地区大肠癌发病因素,并构建列线图预测模型。方法 选择2019年1月至2022年3月南充市8个乡镇的186例大肠癌新发病例为病例组,以性别、年龄±5岁进行1∶1配对选择同期行大肠癌筛查的同一乡镇健康村民186例为对照组。采取面对面问卷调查收集可能引起大肠癌发病的因素,比较两组上述各因素,并采用多因素logistic回归筛选出独立性影响因素。根据多因素分析结果构建列线图模型,并进行内部验证。结果 单因素分析基础上行逐步多因素二元logistic回归分析结果显示,有吸烟史、有饮酒史、有肠道息肉史、便潜血阳性、红肉摄入≥100 g/d为农村地区大肠癌发病的危险因素,豆类摄入情况≥250克/周为保护性因素(P<0.05)。根据多因素分析结果构建列线图模型,以ROC分析法评估列线图模型的预测价值,曲线下面积0.96,95%CI为(0.94,0.98)(P<0.05);再以Bootstrap法对列线图进行内部验证,以原始数据重复抽样1 000次,结果显示,平均绝对误差为0.004,模型表现与理想模型基本拟合。结论 农村地区大肠癌的发生主要受吸烟史、饮酒史、便潜血结果等因素的影响,本研究构建的列线图模型对于农村地区大肠癌的发病预测准确度与区分度均较高。

我国西部农村地区固体燃料燃烧污染物排放因子测定及分布特征

排放因子是估算污染物排放量的重要参数,为获取可靠的、有区域特征的固体燃料排放因子,2018年在我国西部9个省/自治区利用稀释采样系统入户收集了226个固体燃料燃烧样本,获得了薪柴、秸秆和煤在不同类型炉具中燃烧排放CO_(2)、CO、OC、EC、PM_(2.5)的排放因子。结果表明:秸秆类较易燃烧的燃料有较高的OC、EC、PM2.5排放因子,煤有较高的CO_(2)、CO排放因子。炉灶类型对薪柴的OC、PM2.5的排放因子影响稍大,薪柴在炕中燃烧的OC、PM_(2.5)排放因子比在砖灶和铁炉高约2-3.1倍,但秸秆在不同炉具中的排放因子差异较小。受不同区域燃料和炉灶类型以及操作习惯差异的共同影响,排放因子呈现明显的区域性差异,高CO_(2)排放因子分布在以煤为主要燃料的区域,高OC、EC、PM_(2.5)排放因子分布在以生物质为主要燃料的区域,并且CO、OC和PM_(2.5)排放因子的区域分布呈现一定的相关性。

广东省农村老年人认知功能现状及影响因素分析

目的探讨广东省农村地区老年人认知障碍的发生情况及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样的方法,选择2021年6月至2022年12月广东省农村地区2819例≥60岁的老年人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、MMSE量表进行问卷调查,采用二元Logistic回归分析农村老年人发生认知障碍的影响因素。结果2819例调查对象中,有440例(15.6%)发生认知障碍。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、用药种类多是认知障碍发生的危险因素,BMI>23.9、与配偶子女居住、劳动收入、定期体检、每周定期参加社交活动、每周定期锻炼身体则是认知障碍发生的保护性因素。结论广东省农村地区老年人认知障碍的发生率较高,应制定适宜农村老年人认知障碍的早期筛查的工具并制定有效干预措施,以减少或延缓老年痴呆的发生。