The nutritional quality of rice is a major concern,along with the need to enhance productivity to feed the continuously growing population.Therefore,there is a requirement to breed high-yielding rice varieties with im...The nutritional quality of rice is a major concern,along with the need to enhance productivity to feed the continuously growing population.Therefore,there is a requirement to breed high-yielding rice varieties with improved nutritional quality that can help combat malnutrition,a global health issue.Undoubtedly,breeding approaches have played a significant role in increasing rice yield while enhancing its nutritional content.In addition to traditional breeding techniques,other recent approaches,such as genetic engineering,gene editing,omics methods,and agronomic practices,must also be employed to meet the nutritional needs of the current population.In this review,we offered detailed information on the development of nutritionally improved rice varieties through the enhancement of protein content,microand macronutrients,vitamins,and oil quality using genetic engineering approaches.We also identified QTLs associated with amino acids,proteins,and micronutrients in rice.Furthermore,omics approaches provide a range of tools and techniques for effectively exploring resources and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trait development.Omics branches,including transcriptomics,proteomics,ionomics,and metabolomics,are efficiently utilized for improving rice nutrition.Therefore,by utilizing the information obtained from these techniques and incorporating all of these recent approaches,we can effectively modify the rice genome,directly enhancing the nutritional value of rice varieties.This will help address the challenges of malnutrition in the years to come.展开更多
The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to imp...The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to improve the quality of horticultural crops.The recent establishment of gene editing technology,with its potential applications in horticultural crops,provides a strategy for achieving this goal in a rapid and efficient manner.Here,we summarize research efforts aimed at improving horticultural crop quality through genome editing.We describe specific genome editing systems that have been used and traits that have been targeted in these efforts.Additionally,we discuss limiting factors and future perspectives of genome editing technology in improving horticultural crop qualities in both research and plant breeding.In summary,genome editing technology is emerging as a powerful tool for efficiently and rapidly improving horticultural crop quality,and we believe that the cautious application of genome editing in horticultural crops will generate new germplasms with improved quality in the near future.展开更多
OpenStreetMap has a large number of volunteers.There is a hypothesis that volunteers with different cultural backgrounds may have different editing behaviors when contributing to OSM.It may be strongly related to data...OpenStreetMap has a large number of volunteers.There is a hypothesis that volunteers with different cultural backgrounds may have different editing behaviors when contributing to OSM.It may be strongly related to data quality and data reliability on OSM.As for the heterogeneity and the reliability of OSM data,previous research usually focuses on the geometric accuracy,spatial location accuracy and semantic integrity of OSM data,while few researchers have analyzed these problems from the perspective of editing behavior.On the grounds of relationship between mapping motivation and editing behavior,the dispersion of editing trajectory and clockwise direction index are proposed in the paper to explore whether the volunteers are sufficiently motivated and knowledgeable.In the experiments,the historical OSM data of four countries suggested that developed countries have lower trajectory dispersion.The lower degree of trajectory dispersion reflects the higher concentration and professionalism of volunteers.A high degree of drawing direction consistency shows volunteers who mapped French data were natives with local knowledge.From this point of view,this paper verifies that volunteer editing behavior is an effective method to analyze data quality heterogeneity and data reliability.展开更多
Statistical analysis of various data for the papers published in Journal of Shanghai University （ English Edition） from 1997 to 2004 was made. The issues examined include numbers of published papers, disciplinary di...Statistical analysis of various data for the papers published in Journal of Shanghai University （ English Edition） from 1997 to 2004 was made. The issues examined include numbers of published papers, disciplinary distribution, constituents of authors, propor- tions of collaborated papers contributed by multiple authors and papers based on cooperation between different institutions, publishing retardation, and citation of references. Suggestions are made for further improving the quality of the Journal.展开更多
Amylose content(AC),which is regulated by the Waxy(Wx)gene,is a major indicator of eating and cooking quality(ECQ)in rice(Oryza sativa).Thus far,only a limited number of mutations in the N-terminal domain of Wx were f...Amylose content(AC),which is regulated by the Waxy(Wx)gene,is a major indicator of eating and cooking quality(ECQ)in rice(Oryza sativa).Thus far,only a limited number of mutations in the N-terminal domain of Wx were found to have a major impact on the AC of rice grains and no mutations with such effects were reported for other regions of the Wx protein.Here,nucleotide substitutions in the middle region of Wx were generated by adenine and cytosine base editors.The nucleotide substitutions led to changes in 15 amino acid residues of Wx,and a series of novel Wx alleles with ACs of 0.3%-29.43%(wild type with AC of 19.87%)were obtained.Importantly,the waxy~(abe2)allele showed a"soft rice"AC,improved ECQ,favorable appearance,and no undesirable agronomic traits.The transgenes were removed from the waxy~(abe2)progeny,generating a promising breeding material for improving rice grain quality.展开更多
基金This study was funded by the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab Project,China(Grant No.B21HJ0216)the Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.ZDYF2021XDNY128)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program and the Cooperation and Innovation Mission,China(Grant No.CAAS-ZDXT202001).
文摘The nutritional quality of rice is a major concern,along with the need to enhance productivity to feed the continuously growing population.Therefore,there is a requirement to breed high-yielding rice varieties with improved nutritional quality that can help combat malnutrition,a global health issue.Undoubtedly,breeding approaches have played a significant role in increasing rice yield while enhancing its nutritional content.In addition to traditional breeding techniques,other recent approaches,such as genetic engineering,gene editing,omics methods,and agronomic practices,must also be employed to meet the nutritional needs of the current population.In this review,we offered detailed information on the development of nutritionally improved rice varieties through the enhancement of protein content,microand macronutrients,vitamins,and oil quality using genetic engineering approaches.We also identified QTLs associated with amino acids,proteins,and micronutrients in rice.Furthermore,omics approaches provide a range of tools and techniques for effectively exploring resources and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trait development.Omics branches,including transcriptomics,proteomics,ionomics,and metabolomics,are efficiently utilized for improving rice nutrition.Therefore,by utilizing the information obtained from these techniques and incorporating all of these recent approaches,we can effectively modify the rice genome,directly enhancing the nutritional value of rice varieties.This will help address the challenges of malnutrition in the years to come.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFD1000200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772284).
文摘The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to improve the quality of horticultural crops.The recent establishment of gene editing technology,with its potential applications in horticultural crops,provides a strategy for achieving this goal in a rapid and efficient manner.Here,we summarize research efforts aimed at improving horticultural crop quality through genome editing.We describe specific genome editing systems that have been used and traits that have been targeted in these efforts.Additionally,we discuss limiting factors and future perspectives of genome editing technology in improving horticultural crop qualities in both research and plant breeding.In summary,genome editing technology is emerging as a powerful tool for efficiently and rapidly improving horticultural crop quality,and we believe that the cautious application of genome editing in horticultural crops will generate new germplasms with improved quality in the near future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41771484)。
文摘OpenStreetMap has a large number of volunteers.There is a hypothesis that volunteers with different cultural backgrounds may have different editing behaviors when contributing to OSM.It may be strongly related to data quality and data reliability on OSM.As for the heterogeneity and the reliability of OSM data,previous research usually focuses on the geometric accuracy,spatial location accuracy and semantic integrity of OSM data,while few researchers have analyzed these problems from the perspective of editing behavior.On the grounds of relationship between mapping motivation and editing behavior,the dispersion of editing trajectory and clockwise direction index are proposed in the paper to explore whether the volunteers are sufficiently motivated and knowledgeable.In the experiments,the historical OSM data of four countries suggested that developed countries have lower trajectory dispersion.The lower degree of trajectory dispersion reflects the higher concentration and professionalism of volunteers.A high degree of drawing direction consistency shows volunteers who mapped French data were natives with local knowledge.From this point of view,this paper verifies that volunteer editing behavior is an effective method to analyze data quality heterogeneity and data reliability.
文摘Statistical analysis of various data for the papers published in Journal of Shanghai University （ English Edition） from 1997 to 2004 was made. The issues examined include numbers of published papers, disciplinary distribution, constituents of authors, propor- tions of collaborated papers contributed by multiple authors and papers based on cooperation between different institutions, publishing retardation, and citation of references. Suggestions are made for further improving the quality of the Journal.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801016)the Agricultural Variety Improvement Project of Shandong Province(2019LZGC015)。
文摘Amylose content(AC),which is regulated by the Waxy(Wx)gene,is a major indicator of eating and cooking quality(ECQ)in rice(Oryza sativa).Thus far,only a limited number of mutations in the N-terminal domain of Wx were found to have a major impact on the AC of rice grains and no mutations with such effects were reported for other regions of the Wx protein.Here,nucleotide substitutions in the middle region of Wx were generated by adenine and cytosine base editors.The nucleotide substitutions led to changes in 15 amino acid residues of Wx,and a series of novel Wx alleles with ACs of 0.3%-29.43%(wild type with AC of 19.87%)were obtained.Importantly,the waxy~(abe2)allele showed a"soft rice"AC,improved ECQ,favorable appearance,and no undesirable agronomic traits.The transgenes were removed from the waxy~(abe2)progeny,generating a promising breeding material for improving rice grain quality.
