Grass-livestock balance based grassland ecological carrying capability and sustainable strategy in the Yellow River Source National Park, Tibet Plateau, China

The Yellow River Source National Park(YRSP)is one of the most sensitive and fragile ecological regions in the world.The historical intensive grazing and climate change have resulted in ecological degradation that threatens the wildlife and livestock.Exploring the sustainable strategy is urgent for policy makers to meet the demands for wild ungulates and livestock.In our study,the grassland ecological carrying capability(GECC)was assessed based on the updated grass-livestock balance that considered the grass competition from wild ungulates.The balances between grass and livestock,and GECC and grassland pressure index(GPI)in the YRSP were measured through overlay analysis and geostatistic analysis.The results showed that:(1)the ratio of livestock to wild ungulates in the research area was approximately 4.56:1,in which the proportion of livestock was 81.75%and the actual number of livestock was 33.84×104 standard sheep units;(2)Under the scenario of minimum grazing utilisation rate,the theoretical grazing capacity and GECC were 37.83×104 standard sheep units and−0.13,respectively.Under the maximum grazing utilisation rate,the theoretical grazing capacity and GECC were 41.93×104 standard sheep units and−0.21,respectively.Since GECC in both scenarios were both less than 0,the grassland was considered to be in surplus and the livestock was not overloaded.However,GPI in the two scenarios were 0.87 and 0.79,respectively,both of which exceeded the warning line of 0.70.Based on GECC,we recommend that the sustainable strategy in YRSP is either to increase the supplementary feeding about 6.40×104 standard sheep units or reduce the grazing livestock by about 3.50×10^(4) standard sheep units.

Ecosystems Services of the Tropical Rain Forest Environment: Lessons from the Cross River National Park, Nigeria

This paper essayed to examine ecosystem functions with a case study of the tropical rainforest environment of the Cross River National Park, Nigeria. The paper highlighted the important functions of the ecosystems to include Purification of air and water mitigation of floods and droughts, detoxification and decomposition of wastes, generation and renewal of soil and natural vegetation, pollination of crops and natural vegetation, control of the vast majority of potential agricultural pests, dispersal of seeds and translocation of nutrients, maintenance of biodiversity, protection from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays among others. Problems associated with the rainforest ecosystems among which are logging, traditional methods of farming, poaching, excessive noise and encroachment were identified. The paper concluded by highlighting the way forward among others that, awareness creation should be stepped-up in Support Zone Communities;indigenes should be educated periodically on the benefits of the ecosystem services to not just humans but the forest resources and biodiversity themselves.

Evaluation of the Anti-Poaching Programme of the Cross River National Park Okwango Division, Nigeria 2002 to 2013

Poaching of wildlife has continued to be the major problem confronting national parks managers in Nigeria in spite of effort being made to curb the ugly trend. This paper examined the anti-poaching programme of the Cross River National Park Okwango Division Nigeria from 2002 to 2013, with a view to making recommendations for the improvement of the programme. Focused group discussions, personal interviews, review of official records and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Analysis of variance using randomized complete block design and student’s t-test were used to analyse data. Result showed that 1 - 5 arrests of poachers per month per patrol station was significantly (P 0.05) in the number of poachers arrested and fined between 2002 to 2006 and 2007 to 2011. The low performance of the anti-poaching programme was attributed to poorly equipped rangers’ posts as well as well the absence of alternative livelihood options in the enclave and surrounding communities. It was recommended that more rangers should be employed, and the rangers should be adequately kitted, well equipped patrol stations be constructed and the enclave and surrounding communities be involved in the management of the National Park in addition to providing them with alternative livelihood options.

Aspects of the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Rivers in Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo

The physico-chemical characteristics of ten permanently flowing rivers from Kahuzi Biega National Park (Democratic Republic of Congo) were examined in July 2007. Water samples were collected from ten sites between 1800 and 3200 m asl and analyzed for the following chemical parameters: biological oxygen demand, total and carbonate hardness, alkalinity, total phosphorus, nitrogen, nitrate, and ammonia. Discharge, current velocity, temperature, and oxygen saturation were analyzed on site. In general, the chemical parameters revealed relatively low concentrations compared to others rivers in the region. The rivers were cold (10℃ - 15℃), well oxygenated, had low conductivity (generally <100 μS/cm), and had pH values ranging between 5.5 and 7.6. Nitrogen and phosphorus were also low (0.086 - 0.25 μmol/L for phosphorus and 2.21 - 4.25 μmol/L for nitrogen) in all rivers. The main natural sources of nitrogen and other nutriaents are from rain and atmospheric deposition, organic matter decomposition, and fixation of molecular nitrogen from allochthonous inorganic material. In the forested rivers of Kahuzi-Biega National Park the terrestrial and riparian environments are the only sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to the river water.

Functional zoning and space management of Three-River-Source National Park

Functional zoning is a key step for the integrated planning and scientific management of a national park.Selecting the Three-River-Source National Park(TNP)as the study area,this paper establishes an evaluation system including 13 evaluation indexes which are classified into four categories,namely:ecosystem services;potential distribution of key species habitats;ecological sensitivity;and ecological resilience through the comprehensive analysis on the regional eco-environmental features in the study area.The results of the comprehensive analysis,combined with the functions and requirements of management of national parks,indicate that TNP is divided into the first-level zone(the core conservation area,the ecological restoration area and the traditional utilization area)with definite targets of space management and the second-level zone with implementation of control measures.This method of functional zoning lays a solid foundation for the scientific planning of TNP;moreover,our study provides new insights into other national parks’functional zoning.

Long-term ecological compensation policies and practices in China:Insights from the Three Rivers Headwaters Area

Using the Three Rivers Headwaters Area in China as a pilot project, this study has investigated the effectiveness of the ecological compensation policies and practices have implemented in this area over the past decade. Major issues have encountered during the implementation process, including the formidable extent of grassland degradation, the comprehensive nature of measures needed to restore the ecosystem, and the time needed to achieve these goals. These issues are discussed, and remedial measures proposed. They include: drafting regulations giving the Three Rivers Headwaters Area ecological protection, setting aside funds for ecological compensation and establishing a national park, using an ecological assets accounting methodology for financial reporting purposes, designing a science-based approach for conducting the livestock husbandry population migration, enhancing the oversight capacity for all aspects of the ecological compensation process, and making an overall plan to promote the harmonious development of this area together with other regions in Qinghai Province.

多维空间视角下大运河、长江国家文化公园建设的比较研究

随着国家文化公园先后进入建设关键期,如何高质量推进国家文化公园建设成为亟需解决的关键问题。从多维空间视角比较研究大运河、长江国家文化公园建设,对于高质量推进两大国家文化公园建设具有重要的现实意义。文章尝试分别从地理空间、文化空间、文化认同“想象空间”视角对大运河、长江国家文化公园建设进行了比较研究,提出了利用地理空间特点推进国家文化公园建设的思路,在总结大运河国家文化公园文化空间建构经验的基础上提出长江国家文化公园文化空间建构思路,并从中华民族共同体文化认同“想象空间”视角提出了两大国家文化公园需要重点建构的“想象空间”。

黄河文化保护传承弘扬的形势分析及对策建议

黄河文化是中华文明的重要组成部分,是中华民族的根和魂。深入推进黄河文化保护传承弘扬,实现黄河文化创造性转化和创新性发展,对推动实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略向纵深推进、坚定文化自信、建设中华民族现代文明具有重大历史意义和现实意义。分析了新形势下黄河文化在研究、保护、传承、弘扬方面存在学科融合不足、联动机制不全、资源利用率不高、国际传播不够等问题,从黄河文化的精神内核阐释、时代价值挖掘、黄河国家文化公园建设、研究体系架构、国际传播体系构建等方面,提出新形势下深入推进黄河文化保护传承弘扬的对策建议。

民勤县石羊河湿地公园春季土壤动物群落特征

2023年3-5月,对甘肃民勤石羊河公园4个功能区5个植被型组7个不同植物群系的土壤动物群落特征进行了调查。结果表明:共收集到土壤动物46个类群1488头,隶属于3门5纲13目25科。中小型土壤动物和大型土壤动物分别占97.38%和2.62%,线虫在群落结构中占绝对优势。中小型土壤动物中的优势类群为头叶属、真头叶属、臭蚁属;占总捕获量的48.58%;常见类群为丽突属、拟丽突属、短体属、鞘属、半懒甲螨属等16个类群,占总捕获量的47.13%;稀有类群有椎实螺属、耳萝卜螺属、两坑螺属、虹蛹螺属、逍遥蛛属等14个类群,占总捕获量的4.29%。大型土壤动物主要为拟步甲科和叩甲科,其中优势类群为琵琶甲属、蒙小鳖甲和尖尾东鳌甲,均为荒漠草原沙地种类。沙枣群系和油蒿群系土壤动物的个体数、类群数、丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均高于其他植物群系,优势度指数则较低。7个植物群系的土壤动物群落结构的相似性为中等不相似和极不相似。沙枣群系、白刺群系、多枝柽柳群系的土壤动物具有明显的表聚性,而油蒿群系、芨芨草群系和芦苇群系中的土壤动物垂直分布具有异质性。

基于问卷调查的黄河国家文化公园文化价值(陕西段)认知研究

目的:研究公众对黄河国家文化公园及其文化价值的认知现状对其规划和建设具有重要意义。方法:选取“黄河国家文化公园(陕西段)重点建设项目”中陕西历史博物馆、秦始皇兵马俑博物馆、壶口瀑布和黄帝陵为调研地点,通过问卷调查的方式获取数据,并分析公众对黄河国家文化公园及其历史、教育、艺术、政治、社会、精神共6个层面的文化价值认知情况。结果:公众对黄河国家文化公园的认知度较低,对黄河国家文化公园文化价值的整体认知度较高,其中物质价值、教育价值和艺术价值的认知处于中等水平,而政治价值、社会价值及精神价值的认知处于中等偏上水平。结论:为提高公众对黄河国家文化公园及其文化价值的认知水平,在黄河国家文化公园的规划和建设中应注重保护黄河文化相关遗产,强化历史价值的塑造,加强宣传与教育,设计多样化教育活动,加强政治价值的宣传,拓展社会价值的影响及开发黄河文创产品,强化精神价值的传承。

聊城黄河国家文化公园建设路径与策略研究

聊城在黄河国家文化公园的规划和建设上取得了显著成效,但在基础设施建设、区域协调发展、资源充分利用、管理和运营、资金支持等方面仍存在一些问题和不足。针对这一现状,相关部门应创新建设路径和发展策略,以深挖黄河文化内涵,丰富展示手段,完善配套设施和管理体制机制,深化区域合作,加强生态环境保护为有力抓手,打造文旅融合新地标。

长江国家文化公园沿线省市文化旅游吸引力与数字经济水平耦合协调研究

长江国家文化公园是传承和弘扬长江文化,推动新时代文化繁荣发展的重大工程。以长江国家文化公园涉及13省市为研究区域,运用耦合协调度模型、相对发展度模型、逐步回归模型和地理加权回归模型测量文化旅游吸引力和数字经济发展水平耦合发展状况,并探讨其影响因素。结果表明:(1)十三省市文化旅游吸引力评价指数处于0.05~0.8,呈“弱势区”和“强势带”交错分布的空间格局;数字经济评价指数处于0.04~0.75,整体水平偏低且空间差异显著。(2)文化旅游吸引力与数字经济水平的耦合协调值在0.25~0.9,大多处于中高水平,自东向西由极高水平协调向极低水平协调变化。西藏、云南等8省属于数字经济滞后型,江苏和浙江为发展同步型,青海、重庆和上海3省市属于文化旅游吸引力滞后型。(3)对二者耦合协调发展的影响程度大小排序为旅游服务设施>交通通达程度>经济发展水平。

数字化技术平台下文创产品设计研究与推广——以长江国家文化公园九江段为例

在数字化时代背景下,作为中华文化的重要组成部分,长江国家文化公园九江段文创产品的设计与推广面临新的机遇与挑战。文章旨在探讨如何利用数字化技术平台,对长江国家文化公园九江段的文创产品进行创新性设计,并提出有效的推广策略,以期实现文化传承与经济发展的双赢。通过对现有文创产品市场的分析,结合数字化技术的特点,文章提出一系列设计原则与推广途径,为长江国家文化公园九江段文创产品的开发提供理论与实践指导。

三江源地区土壤和牧草中的有机氯污染物:分布、来源和生态风险

三江源地区是“亚洲水塔”的重要组成部分。该地区复杂的大气环流可能为持久性有机污染物(POPs)的输入提供动力。在采集三江源地区土壤和牧草的基础上,获得该地区有机氯类污染物(OCPs,POPs的一类)的污染水平并进行来源解析,以期对POPs的潜在生态风险进行评估。结果表明,1)三江源地区土壤和牧草中滴滴涕(DDTs)的含量分别为低于检出限(BDL)-2.32×10^(4)pg·g^(-1)(平均3003 pg·g^(-1))和BDL-2.44×10^(4)pg·g^(-1)(平均3539 pg·g^(-1)),高于全球其他高海拔草地地区;而土壤和牧草中六氯苯(HCB)、六六六(HCHs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量则与全球背景水平相当。2)三江源地区的OCPs整体呈现东高西低的空间分布特征。反向气团轨迹显示高含量的OCPs主要来自于三江源以东的地区。此外,人口密集的城镇地区具有相对高的OCPs含量,表明当地的零星地区可能存在OCPs使用/排放史。3)三江源地区土壤和牧草中的OCPs含量与年降水量显著正相关(P值分别小于0.05和0.1),而土壤DDTs与热力学温度的倒数(1/T)线性关系的斜率可达-9×10^(7)。降水冲刷和地气交换很可能是大气中OCPs向三江源地区地表介质输入的关键过程。4)三江源地区有机氯污染物在土壤-牧草间的平均生物浓缩系数为11,表明有机氯污染物在牧草中发生了富集。基于定性评价的效应区间低/中值法和危害商法的生态风险评估显示,三江源地区OCPs对生态系统的总体风险较小,但后续研究中仍需关注该地区东部城镇的DDTs生态风险。研究结果可为青藏高原生态环境保护和三江源国家公园建设提供数据支撑。

祁连山国家公园青海片区河流和湿地原生生物多样性研究

探索祁连山国家公园河流与湿地的原生生物群落结构特征及其对环境的响应,为片区生物多样性保护与利用提供依据。2020年7-8月对祁连山国家公园青海片区河流和湿地的21个水环境样点进行了水样采集和DNA分离,共获得DNA样品58份,利用宏基因组测序探究祁连山国家公园青海片区的原生生物种类组成和群落结构,并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系。结果显示:(1)共鉴定和注释到393个原生生物分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs),分属于24门40纲95目126科162属,其中裸藻门、纤毛门种类最多,硅藻门、纤毛门丰度最高;(2)片区不同河流或湿地的原生生物群落结构存在显著差异,河流原生生物多样性显著高于湿地;(3)RDA分析显示原生生物群落主要受水体总磷、水温、pH、总有机碳、溶解氧、盐度、总氮、硝酸盐氮、氨氮和水流速度等环境因子的显著影响;(4)物种共现网络分析显示湿地原生生物群落共现网络较河流更稳定。

长江国家文化公园江阴段数字文创产品的创新发展研究

对长江国家文化公园江阴段文创产品的发展现状和自身文化价值进行分析,借助数字技术构建“政府、企业和高校”三位一体的合作平台,开发和推广文创产品。通过长江国家文化公园江阴段文创产品的创新发展研究,打造江阴长江国家文化公园高质量发展新引擎,并为同类型文创产品数字化建设提供一定的策略参考。

国家公园自然圣境价值识别:以三江源国家公园为例

自然圣境作为中国国家公园的重要组成部分,广泛存在且具有独特价值。对其全面深入的价值识别与恰当保护,不仅是国家公园保护管理的迫切需要,也是反映中国特色国家公园治理体系的优秀案例。提出了自然圣境价值的概念框架,认为自然、人对自然的观念、人对自然的行为是自然圣境的成因,也是自然圣境价值的根源;自然圣境的价值包括地质遗迹价值、生态系统价值、传统文化价值和景观美学价值。在对三江源国家公园自然圣境进行实地调查的基础上,对其多方面价值进行了识别,并发现其价值具有综合性、网络性、层积性、原真性、脆弱性五大特征。研究结果为探讨如何在大尺度的国家公园中协调自然保护与文化传承的关系、建立自然圣境保护机制奠定了基础。

基于文化IP解码的长江国家文化公园文旅融合研究

基于文化IP解码视角,构建长江国家文化公园文旅融合理论框架,建立文旅融合发展评价指标体系,借助耦合协调模型和极化模型测算2010—2019年区域文旅耦合协调度并分析其空间态势,基于地理探测器模型探析长江国家文化公园文旅融合发展的驱动因素。结果表明:长江国家文化公园文旅融合未达到良性发展状态,内部子系统间互动性较强,区域整体耦合协调态势趋好;2010—2019年长江国家文化公园文旅融合发展的空间效应表现为“极化效应”波动减弱、“扩散效应”有所体现、“回程效应”极其微弱的状态;长江国家文化公园文旅融合发展呈现“东高西低-双核扩散-板块发展”的空间结构模式;资源基础力、消费需求力、设施保障力、效益推动力、创新潜在力、经济拉动力作为长江国家文化公园文旅融合协调发展的驱动因素,分别从单因子驱动和双因子交互等不同层面起到重要的影响作用。最后,从突出文化IP和板块联动发展的角度提出针对性发展建议。

历史、文化与自然:长江国家文化公园与密西西比河流域国家公园的对比研究

国家文化公园是中国首创的一个家公园种类,旨在通过对于具有重大主题的文物和文化资源实施公园化管理运营,集中打造一批具有突出意义和重要影响的中华文化重要标志。中国国家文化公园的中国属性决定了其在建设理念、管理模式、保护策略与西方国家公园有着显著的差异,但是世界历史上已经有了一些国家公园的案例,所以我们既需要对其他国家类似的国家公园建设经验进行系统梳理,又需要结合中国特色的综合国情进行本土化创新。而就长江国家文化公园而言,虽然公园建设已经取得了一些初步的地区性的成果,但是仍然面临着区域间关联较弱、城乡间分布不均、建设主体不明确、公园可持续运营机制有待完善、建设时间过于紧迫等一系列的现实困难和挑战。本文尝试通过分析美国密西西比河流域国家公园的历史经验和教训,从国家意志、历史文化以及生态环境三个方面来为长江国家文化公园建设提供一定的国际借鉴和政策建议。

生态系统服务供需视角下国家森林公园空间优化研究——以长三角地区为例

论文从生态系统服务供需角度出发,以长三角地区国家森林公园为研究对象,核算各县域所需的生态系统服务需求量和所能获得的国家森林公园生态系统服务供给量,基于生态系统服务供需比、洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数和双变量空间自相关等方法,通过分析生态系统服务供需的空间均衡性和空间匹配特征了解长三角地区国家森林公园的空间分布特征,依此提出优化国家森林公园空间分布的建议措施。研究发现,长三角地区各省域的国家森林公园生态系统服务供给存在明显的空间不均衡现象,上海及其周边地区的国家森林公园生态系统服务需求高而供给低,皖南和浙西地区的国家森林公园生态系统服务需求低而供给高,长三角地区国家森林公园分布与区域经济社会发展需求空间错配问题严重。因此,一方面要加强城市市辖区森林公园建设,另一方面要将高需求、低供给区域融入长三角国家森林公园区域一体化体系,通过生态系统服务流获取其他区域国家森林公园提供的福祉。