Tuning the diffusion constant to optimize the readout of positional information of spatial concentration patterns

Positional information encoded in spatial concentration patterns is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms.However,it is still unclear how such information is affected by the physically dissipative diffusion process.Here we study one-dimensional patterning systems with analytical derivation and numerical simulations.We find that the diffusion constant of the patterning molecules exhibits a nonmonotonic effect on the readout of the positional information from the concentration patterns.Specifically,there exists an optimal diffusion constant that maximizes the positional information.Moreover,we find that the energy dissipation due to the physical diffusion imposes a fundamental upper limit on the positional information.

New Three-Dimensional Assessment Model and Optimization of Acoustic Positioning System

This paper addresses the problem of assessing and optimizing the acoustic positioning system for underwater target localization with range measurement.We present a new three-dimensional assessment model to evaluate the optimal geometric beacon formation whether meets user requirements.For mathematical tractability,it is assumed that the measurements of the range between the target and beacons are corrupted with white Gaussian noise with variance,which is distance-dependent.Then,the relationship between DOP parameters and positioning accuracy can be derived by adopting dilution of precision(DOP)parameters in the assessment model.In addition,the optimal geometric beacon formation yielding the best performance can be achieved via minimizing the values of geometric dilution of precision(GDOP)in the case where the target position is known and fixed.Next,in order to ensure that the estimated positioning accuracy on the region of interest satisfies the precision required by the user,geometric positioning accuracy(GPA),horizontal positioning accuracy(HPA)and vertical positioning accuracy(VPA)are utilized to assess the optimal geometric beacon formation.Simulation examples are designed to illustrate the exactness of the conclusion.Unlike other work that only uses GDOP to optimize the formation and cannot assess the performance of the specified size,this new three-dimensional assessment model can evaluate the optimal geometric beacon formation for each dimension of any point in three-dimensional space,which can provide guidance to optimize the performance of each specified dimension.

Reviews on Post-earthquake Reconstruction of Qiang Culture: Three-dimensional Pattern

Through the introduction of disaster situation of Qiang Culture after Wenchuan Earthquake, the paper emphasized that carriers of Qiang Culture had been seriously damaged, the inheritance of Qiang Culture had been affected, and the environment for Qiang Culture was difficult to recover. It highlighted that three-dimensional reconstruction of Qiang Culture should stress the core task and timely and effectively rescue endangered cultural heritages of Qiang Nationality from the perspectives of material and spiritual life. It had explained focuses of three-dimensional pattern construction in detail. In terms of spatial reconstruction, it should reconstruct native culture and history while material culture was constructed, and reconstruct Qiang culture highland by depending on aborigines; in terms of cluster reconstruction, it should give support to large tourism enterprises and perfect tourism chain; in terms of ecological reconstruction, it should enhance construction and demonstration of "ecological protection pilot area of Qiang culture"; in terms of development reconstruction, it should realize coordinated unity between protection and development according to classification protection, characteristic protection and key protection, so as to form the virtuous circle of post-disaster recovery protection and sustainable development.

Key technology of mine underground mobile positioning based on LiDAR and coded sequence pattern

Technologies of underground mobile positioning were proposed based on LiDAR data and coded sequence pattern landmarks for mine shafts and tunnels environment to meet the needs of fast and accurate positioning and navigation of equipments in the mine underground without satellite navigation signals. A coded sequence pattern was employed for automatic matching of 3D scans. The methods of SIFT feature, Otsu segmentation and fast hough transformation were described for the identification, positioning and interpretation of the coded sequence patterns, respectively. The POSIT model was presented for speeding up computation of the translation and rotation parameters of LiDAR point data, so as to achieve automatic 3D mapping of mine shafts and tunnels. The moving positioning experiment was applied to evaluating the accuracy of proposed pose estimation method from LiDAR scans and coded sequence pattern landmarks acquired in an indoor environment. The performance was evaluated using ground truth data of the indoor setting so as to measure derivations with six degrees of freedom.

Automatic three-dimensional reconstruction based on four-view stereo vision using checkerboard pattern

An automatic three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction method based on four-view stereo vision using checkerboard pattern is presented. Mismatches easily exist in traditional binocular stereo matching due to the repeatable or similar features of binocular images. In order to reduce the probability of mismatching and improve the measure precision, a four-camera measurement system which can add extra matching constraints and offer multiple measurements is applied in this work. Moreover, a series of different checkerboard patterns are projected onto the object to obtain dense feature points and remove mismatched points. Finally, the 3D model is generated by performing Delaunay triangulation and texture mapping on the point cloud obtained by four-view matching. This method was tested on the 3D reconstruction of a terracotta soldier sculpture and the Buddhas in the Mogao Grottoes. Their point clouds without mismatched points were obtained and less processing time was consumed in most cases relative to binocular matching. These good reconstructed models show the effectiveness of the method.

Three-dimensional positions of scattering centers reconstruction from multiple SAR images based on radargrammetry

A method and procedure is presented to reconstruct three-dimensional(3D) positions of scattering centers from multiple synthetic aperture radar(SAR) images. Firstly, two-dimensional(2D) attribute scattering centers of targets are extracted from 2D SAR images. Secondly, similarity measure is developed based on 2D attributed scatter centers' location, type, and radargrammetry principle between multiple SAR images. By this similarity, we can associate 2D scatter centers and then obtain candidate 3D scattering centers. Thirdly, these candidate scattering centers are clustered in 3D space to reconstruct final 3D positions. Compared with presented methods, the proposed method has a capability of describing distributed scattering center, reduces false and missing 3D scattering centers, and has fewer restrictionson modeling data. Finally, results of experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Effects of the initiation position on the damage and fracture characteristics of linear-charge blasting in rock

To study the effects of the initiation position on the damage and fracture characteristics of linear-charge blasting, blasting model experiments were conducted in this study using computed tomography scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction methods. The fractal damage theory was used to quantify the crack distribution and damage degree of sandstone specimens after blasting. The results showed that regardless of an inverse or top initiation, due to compression deformation and sliding frictional resistance, the plugging medium of the borehole is effective. The energy of the explosive gas near the top of the borehole is consumed. This affects the effective crushing of rocks near the top of the borehole, where the extent of damage to Sections Ⅰ and Ⅱ is less than that of Sections Ⅲ and Ⅳ. In addition, the analysis revealed that under conditions of top initiation, the reflected tensile damage of the rock at the free face of the top of the borehole and the compression deformation of the plug and friction consume more blasting energy, resulting in lower blasting energy efficiency for top initiation. As a result, the overall damage degree of the specimens in the top-initiation group was significantly smaller than that in the inverse-initiation group. Under conditions of inverse initiation, the blasting energy efficiency is greater, causing the specimen to experience greater damage. Therefore, in the engineering practice of rock tunnel cut blasting, to utilize blasting energy effectively and enhance the effects of rock fragmentation, using the inverse-initiation method is recommended. In addition, in three-dimensional(3D) rock blasting, the bottom of the borehole has obvious end effects under the conditions of inverse initiation, and the crack distribution at the bottom of the borehole is trumpet-shaped. The occurrence of an end effect in the 3D linear-charge blasting model experiment is related to the initiation position and the blocking condition.

Integration system research and development for three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf

An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.

Quantifying spatial scale of positive and negative terrains pattern at watershed-scale:Case in soil and water conservation region on Loess Plateau

The positive and negative terrains(P-N terrains) widely distributed across China's Loess Plateau constitute the dual structure characteristic of loess landforms. Analysis of loess P-N terrains at the watershed scale can serve to elucidate the structural characteristics and spatial patterns of P-N terrains, which benefits a better understanding of watershed evolution and suitable scales for loess landform research. The Two-Term Local Quadrat Variance Analysis(TTLQV) is calculated as the average of the square of the difference between the block totals of all possible adjacent pairs of block size, which can be used to detect both the scale and the intensity of landscape patches(e.g., plant/animal communities and gully networks). In this study, we determined the latitudinal and longitudinal spatial scale of P-N terrain patterns within 104 uniformly distributed watersheds in our target soil and water conservation region. The results showed that TTLQV is very effective for examining the scale of P-N terrain patterns. There were apparently three types of P-N terrain pattern in latitudinal direction(i.e., Loess Tableland type, Loess Hill type, and Transitional Form between Sand and Loess type), whereas there were both lower and higher values for P-N terrain pattern scales in all loess landforms in the longitudinal direction. The P-N terrain pattern alsoclearly presented anisotropy, suggesting that gully networks in the main direction were well-developed while others were relatively undeveloped. In addition, the relationships between the first scales and controlling factors(i.e., gully density, nibble degree, watershed area, mean watershed slope, NDVI, precipitation, loess thickness, and loess landforms) revealed that the first scales are primarily controlled by watershed area and loess landforms. This may indicate that the current spatial pattern of P-N terrains is characterized by internal force. In selecting suitable study areas in China' Loess Plateau, it is crucial to understand four control variables: the spatial scale of the P-N terrain pattern, the watershed area, the main direction of the watershed, and the loess landforms.

Three-dimensional Information Decoupling System Based on PSD and Deviation Correction

Three-dimensional Information Decoupling System Based on PSD were designed based on LabVIEW, in order to achieve precision, timeliness, reliability require-ments of the PSD used in the ATP system of Satellite Earth quantum communication. Firstly, the laser light source was driven by a stepper motor to scan on the PSD photosensitive surface, and the voltage value was collected and calculated to get the spot position. Analyzing the cause of nonlinear, a mathematical model was built between the actual value and the measured value by using binary quadratic polynomial method, PSD nonlinear correction function would be got. Then, the object micro displacement and angle offset were measured by combining optical triangulation method, and the error of the measurement results was corrected. Experimental results showed that, after the correction, the measuring deviation could be significantly reduced, the PSD performance calibration requirements was achieved, the efficiency of the system was developed greatly by using LabVIEW.

基于视觉的等离子坡口切割工件快速定位方法研究

针对龙门式等离子零件坡口切割平台视觉系统对待切割零件识别速度慢、轮廓定位信息不准以及误匹配等问题,结合Hu矩和图像配准提出一种高效率的匹配和定位方法。首先通过阈值分割算法对图像进行降噪处理,分离零件背景与前景图,对零件轮廓进行识别,基于Hu矩实现对图像库的快速匹配;其次对读入的CAD图像进行坐标变换,通过定义轮廓最小外包斜矩形的角度,基于轮廓质心寻找到一个旋转角度初值并建立函数模型,利用遗传算法的思想优化迭代最优解;最后用CAD模板图像的轮廓路径,修正零件轮廓定位信息。实验结果表明该方法能够快速且准确地从零件图中搜索到与CAD图库中的对应零件,并实现定位信息修正,修正后的整体图像误差在6个像素左右。

空间样板在推土机罩盖安装座组焊中的应用

工程机械行业产品更新换代快,客户不仅要求产品结实耐用,还需要良好的外观。推土机产品重要安装座(如发动机、变速箱和驾驶室等)依靠大型设备精加工完成,护罩、护板和盖板等覆盖件安装座多数采取划线或工装组对。常规的定位工装采用厚板焊接、加工和装配,使用过程中穿销轴定位精度高,但制作周期长、成本高、重量大,频繁移动造成劳动强度大。在生产实践中逐步推广应用空间样板,不仅满足装配生产要求,且制造周期短、方便实用,提高组焊精度,避免装配干涉的频繁返修,适应了产品更新换代的步伐。

积极心理学视域下高校化工专业学生创新创业教育的积极模式构建

积极心理学对大学生的综合素养的提高以及创新创业的认知具有重要的意义。从积极心理学的角度出发,构建高校化工专业学生创新创业教育新体系,更好地培养大学生良好的择业观和就业观,对高校开展大学生创新创业教育具有深远意义。分析了积极心理学视角下推进化工专业学生创新创业教育的必要性以及存在的主要问题,探讨了积极心理学对高校化工专业学生创新创业教育的启示,最后积极心理学视域化工专业学生创新创业教育的积极模式。

基于微气压传感器的室内行人高度估计方法

针对当前气压传感器解算高度存在误差随时间累积的问题,提出了一种基于微气压传感器的室内行人高度估计新方法。该方法结合微气压传感器的输出高度值,对多个相邻时间内的高度值进行合理性判断,并结合室内行人运动状态对高度变化进行约束,使得解算的高度符合室内行人运动规律。通过电脑采集MS5611微气压传感器数据进行仿真验证,结果表明:该方法能够有效地对高度误差进行修正,相较于微气压传感器直接解算的高度,该算法解算的高度更贴合实际情况,解算轨迹也更接近真实轨迹,轨迹的平均闭环误差从1.9%D下降至0.07%D。该算法有效地提高了室内行人高度估计的定位精度,在室内行人三维定位领域具有一定的工程应用价值。

Pattern时延差编码水声定位的时延估计研究

基于Pattern时延编码体制,针对水下超短基线定位系统设计了呼叫信号的正、负调频时延编码结构,并提出利用二次互相关技术进行时延估计。该方法在一定程度上能够提高呼叫方的可检测信噪比,同时在复杂环境下对信道中包括直达波在内的多径信号能量进行累加,能够准确地完成峰值检测,进而达到提高时延估计精度的目的。海试实验结果表明二次相关法在不同信噪比条件下能有效地抑制界面反射产生的多径干扰。

损伤相关分子模式作为内在驱动力参与骨关节炎进程的研究进展

骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)作为中老年人群常见的退行性疾病,其迁延不愈这一特征长期以来困扰着人们,并且造成了医疗消费与日俱增和生活质量下降等一系列问题。目前,OA的治疗方案较多集中于关节内部炎症性疼痛的改善,尚无有效根治手段。相关文献指出巨噬细胞的激活和炎症级联反应的启动与损伤相关分子模式(damage-associated molecular patterns,DAMP)的介导密切相关,DAMP作为驱动剂在关节慢性炎症进程中发挥着至关重要的作用,其不仅存在于关节内部损伤,还可释放入血参与关节外部炎症进程,关节内外的DAMP炎症诱导作用可作为重要驱动力参与OA的进展。本文将从DAMP这一靶点入手,探究DAMP相关的关节慢性炎症正反馈调节机制以及DAMP在OA病人关节外部炎性微环境中的介导作用。

Encroachment drives facilitation at alpine shrublines

Ongoing encroachment is driving recent alpine shrubline dynamics globally,but the role of shrub-shrub interactions in shaping shrublines and their relationships with stem density changes remain poorly understood.Here,the size and age of shrubs from 26 Salix shrubline populations along a 900-km latitudinal gradient(30°-38°N)were measured and mapped across the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Point pattern analyses were used to quantify the spatial distribution patterns of juveniles and adults,and to assess spatial associations between them.Mean intensity of univariate and bivariate spatial patterns was related to biotic and abiotic variables.Bivariate mark correlation functions with a quantitative mark(shrub height,basal stem diameter,crown width)were also employed to investigate the spatial relationships between shrub traits of juveniles and adults.Structural equation models were used to explore the relationships among conspecific interactions,patterns,shrub traits and recruitment dynamics under climate change.Most shrublines showed clustered patterns,suggesting the existence of conspecific facilitation.Clustered patterns of juveniles and conspecific interactions(potentially facilitation)tended to intensify with increasing soil moisture stress.Summer warming before 2010 triggered positive effects on population interactions and spatial patterns via increased shrub recruitment.However,summer warming after2010 triggered negative effects on interactions through reduced shrub recruitment.Therefore,shrub recruitment shifts under rapid climate change could impact spatial patterns,alter conspecific interactions and modify the direction and degree of shrublines responses to climate.These changes would have profound implications for the stability of alpine woody ecosystems.

爪型符号模式矩阵要求代数正的相关研究

基于爪形符号模式矩阵的结构特点,研究了爪型符号模式矩阵是否要求代数正.利用图论和组合矩阵论的知识,证明了爪型符号模式矩阵要求代数正的必要条件.同时,分别给出了阶数小于5的爪型符号模式矩阵要求代数正的等价条件.研究结论丰富了组合矩阵理论,为符号模式矩阵允许代数正和要求代数正的研究提供了方法和思路.

双层均匀口袋电荷模型下闪电起放电特征的数值模拟研究

大量基于观测的研究认为闪电通道的延展尺度与电荷的分布形态息息相关,强对流区频繁始发的小尺度闪电对应雷暴云内的背景电荷很有可能为“口袋电荷”的分布模式。为验证口袋电荷背景下能形成此类云闪并给出该电荷背景下闪电起、放电的一般规律,本研究将闪电放电参数化方案植入到双层均匀口袋电荷模型中开展了大量随机模拟试验。模拟过程中固定了电荷区的总尺度,通过改变电荷对数进行探讨,着重讨论各电荷背景下闪电起始和放电行为的异同。模拟结果表明:(1)随着电荷对数的增加,闪电启动需要的电荷浓度和电荷总量均增加。(2)小电荷区的水平垂直尺度比是影响闪电起始行为的关键因子,除此之外各电荷背景下闪电起始位置和启动概率在水平、垂直方向上的差异还与多对电荷的空间配置关系和逃逸击穿阈值有关。(3)闪电的水平、垂直范围和面积均与小电荷区的尺度息息相关,小电荷区的几何特征限制了闪电的空间特征。(4)电荷区的分布也显著影响着闪电的发展形态,各电荷背景下闪电初始先导角度的分布范围和集中区域有所差异。相较于电荷区倾向于为扁平椭圆形的情况,当电荷区垂直与水平尺度相等时,初始先导角度变化范围明显增大,水平发展的个例明显增多。